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AN  ACCOUNT  OF 


BELLEVUE  HOSPITAL 


WITH   A 


CATALOGUE  OF  THE 

MEDICAL  AND   SURGICAL  STAFF 

FROM   1736  TO   1894 


EDITED   BY 

ROBERT  J.  CARLISLE,  M.  D. 


^ 


PUBLISHED  BY 
THE  SOCIETY  OF  THE  ALUMNI  OF  BELLEVUE  HOSPITAL 

NEW-YORK 
1893 


Copyright,  1893,  by 
Robert  J.  Carlisle,  M.  D. 


rior.edioal 

B5C 

CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Preface   vii 

An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital i 

Consulting  Physicians,  arranged  alphabetically 107 

Consulting  Physicians,  arranged  chronologically 109 

Consulting  Surgeons,  arranged  alphabetically no 

Consulting  Surgeons,  arranged  chronologically 113 

Visiting  Physicians,  arranged  alphabetically 114 

Visiting  Physicians,  arranged  chronologically 121 

Visiting  Surgeons,  arranged  alphabetically 123 

Visiting  Surgeons,  arranged  chronologically 128 

List  of  Members  of  Consulting  and  Visiting  Staffs  who 

WERE  previously   INTERNES. I30 

Resident  Physician  and  Surgeons •'•  •  131 

House  Physicians  and  House  Surgeons 132 

Resident  Physicians 133 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians 135 

Internes,  1850  to  1894 148 

House  Staffs  321 

Summary    339 

Externes 341 

Died  in  the  Discharge  of  Duty 344 

Department  of  Mental  Diseases 345 

Residence  Directory 347 

The  Present  Staff  of  Bellevue  Hospital 361 

The  Society  of  the  Alumni  of  Bellevue  Hospital 364 

Authorities 375 

Index 379 


763986 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE. 

Bellevue  Hospital Frontispiece 

First  Poorhouse  in  New-York 5 

Old  Dutch  House  at  Kip's  Bay 17 

Hon.  De  Witt  Clinton 21 

Bellevue  Hospital  in  1848 46 

View  from  the  Southwest  about  1845 49 

Bellevue  Hospital  Ambulance 70 

Interior  of  Ambulance  Stables ti 

Bellevue  Hospital  in  1879 77 

View  of  Alcoholic  Pavilion  80 

Male  Medical  Ward 80 

Office  and  Private  Laboratory  of  Drug  Department 84 

Manufacturing  Laboratory  in  Drug  Department 88 

Interior  of  Sturges  Pavilion 92 

Interior  of  Marquand  Pavilion 92 

Interior  of  Chapel 97 

Crane  Operating  Room 100 

Interior  of  Amphitheater 100 

Children's  Surgical  Ward 104 

Operating  Room  of  the  Dehon  Annex 104 


MAPS   AND    DIAGRAMS. 

PAGE. 

Vicinity  of  Poorhouse  in  1763 8 

Vicinity  of  Kip's  Bay  in  1767 12 

Vicinity  of  Belle  Vue  in  1803 15 

Plan  of  the  Grounds  in  1817 22 

Ground  Plan  of  the  Main  Building,  1893 85 

Plan  of  the  Amphitheater  Floor 89 

Plan  of  Alcoholic  Pavilion 95 


PORTRAITS. 

Valentine  Mott,  M.  D.  ,  LL.  D i 

James  R.  Wood,  M.  D.,  LL.  D 4 

Alonzo  Clark,  M.  D.,  LL.  D 8 

FoRDYCE  Barker,  M.  D.,  LL.  D 12 

William  H.  Van  Buren,  M.  D.,  LL.  D 20 

Willard  Parker,  M.  D.,  LL.  D 26 

Austin  Flint,  M.  D.,  LL.  D 32 

Isaac  E.  Taylor,  M.  D 36 

Frank  H.  Hamilton,  M.  D.,  LL.  D 40 

Benjamin  W.  McCready,  M.  D 48 

John  J.  Crane,  M.  D 52 

Henry  B.  Sands,  M.  D 56 

George  T.  Elliot,  M.  D 64 

Col.  Edward  B.  Dalton,  U.  S.  A. 68 


PREFACE. 

In  1873  the  house  staff  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  feeHng  "the 
desirabihty  of  possessing  some  accurate  record  of  those  who 
have  served  as  resident  physicians  and  surgeons  in  that  insti- 
tution," pubHshed  in  that  year  the  first  catalogue  of  the  Belle- 
vue staff,  being  a  list  of  the  names  from  1850  to  1873. 

After  the  lapse  of  fourteen  years,  the  roll  of  names  having 
increased  about  twofold,  it  was  thought  that  another  catalogue 
would  be  welcomed  by  every  alumnus.  The  Society  of  the 
Alumni  of  Bellevue  Hospital  appointed  a  committee  of  three 
to  undertake  the  work, —  Drs.  F.  W.  Gwyer,  W.  W.  French, 
and  S.  Alexander.  This  was  on  December  7,  1887.  In 
January,  1888,  this  committee  was  enlarged  by  the  addition 
of  Drs.  H.  M.  Biggs  and  R.  H.  Sayre.  It  suffered  a  loss  dur- 
ing the  summer  of  this  year  by  the  death  of  Dr.  French,  who 
had  already  done  considerable  work  on  the  catalogue,  and  in 
October  of  the  same  year  (1888),  Dr.  R.  J.  Carlisle  was  ap- 
pointed in  Dr.  French's  place.  The  committee  was  reorganized 
in  November,  1889,  and  it  then  consisted  of  Drs.  Biggs,  Gwyer, 
L.  W.  Hubbard,  Rutson  Maury,  and  Carlisle.  On  the  death 
of  Dr.  Maury  in  1892,  Dr.  C.  C.  Barrows  was  appointed  to 
fill  the  vacancy. 

It  was  at  first  intended  to  enlarge  only  to  a  slight  degree 
upon  the  plan  of  the  1873  catalogue  by  appending  to  the  name 
of  each  interne  an  outline  of  his  medical  career.  It,  however, 
became  evident  to  the  committee  that  many  interesting  facts 
in  the  history  of  the  hospital  and  in  that  of  the  staff  itself  could 
be  obtained  which  would  never  see  the  light  in  any  other 
form.  The  scheme,  therefore,  has  been  several  times  altered 
and  enlarged,  until  the  catalogue  has  assumed  its  present 
character.  In  delaying  the  publication  six  years,  the  commit- 
tee has  been  influenced  by  the  desire  of  making  as  accurate 


viii  Preface. 

and  complete  a  book  as  might  be.  The  greater  part  of  the 
time  has  been  spent  in  hunting  the  records  of  deceased  and 
missing  members  of  the  staff.  The  first  catalogue  contains 
292  names  ;  we  have  been  able  to  add  to  the  same  period 
(1850-73)  39  new  names.  Respecting  the  lists  of  internes  the 
records  of  such  gentlemen  as  were  living  in  1889  are  personal 
reports,  and  in  1891  these  were  verified  and  brought  up  to 
date.  The  data  concerning  the  deceased  were  obtained  from 
relatives,  obituary  notices,  college  and  county  records,  and  the 
Surgeon-General's  Office  of  the  United  States  Army  and  of 
the  United  States  Navy. 

We  desire  to  express  our  thanks  to  Mr.  H.  H.  Porter,  presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Commissioners,  and  also  to  the  gentle- 
men of  the  Medical  Board,  for  their  interest  in  the  catalogue, 
and  for  their  courtesy  in  allowing  us  the  free  use  of  the  records. 
We  are  indebted  to  the  Surgeons-General  of  the  Army  and  the 
Navy  for  many  and  repeated  favors.  It  is  impossible  to  thank 
individually  the  large  number  of  the  alumni  who  have  so 
kindly  cooperated  with  us,  and  who  therefore  have  had  a  share 
in  the  work.  We  must  especially  mention,  however.  Dr.  R. 
M.  Wyckoff,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  through  whom  we  have 
found  many  of  the  missing  members  ;  and  also  Drs.  A.  A. 
Smith,  H.  F.  Walker,  and  A.  N.  Brockway,  of  this  city ;  H. 
L.  Smith,  of  Hudson,  N.  Y. ;  H.  K.  Olmsted,  of  Hartford, 
Conn.;  the  late  Dr.  Walter  Coles,  of  St.  Louis;  and  Dr.  J.  W. 
Southworth,  of  Glasgow,  Mo. 

All  communications  should  be  addressed  to  the  editor,  34 
West  47th  street,  New-York  City. 

Hermann  M.  Biggs,  ") 

Fred  Walker  Gwyer,  I 

Le  Roy  Watkins  Hubbard,   >  Cotnmittec. 

Charles  C.  Barrows,  I 

Robert  J.  Carlisle,  J 

New-York.,  July  i,  1893. 


Valentine  Mott,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF   BELLEVUE 
HOSPITAL. 


1736-1811. 

BELLEVUE  may  lay  claim  to  being  the  oldest  hospital  now 
existing  in  the  United  States.  It  traces  its  origin  from 
the  humblest  source.  It  was  originally  the  hospital  depart- 
ment of  the  New- York  City  Almshouse,  and  as  such  its  history 
covers  a  period  of  well  nigh  one  hundred  and  sixty  years.  It 
will  be  of  considerable  interest,  therefore,  to  trace  the  early  his- 
tory of  Bellevue  and  its  development  from  that  lowly  beginning. 
In  the  days  of  the  city  of  New  Amsterdam,  what  poor  there 
were  were  maintained  at  the  expense  and  under  the  care  of 
the  Church.  The  fund  for  their  support  was  collected  by  vol- 
untary contributions  to  the  poor-boxes  and  distributed  by  the 
officers  of  the  Church,  the  needy  being  assisted  in  their  own 
houses,  and  such  as  had  no  homes  being  provided  with  shelter 
in  a  house  hired  for  the  purpose.  This  house  was  for  a  long 
time  located  on  the  west  side  of  Broad  street,  just  north  of 
Beaver  street.  Beside  this  poorhouse  the  city  was  at  this 
time  provided  with  a  hospital.  This  was  opened  when  the  in- 
fant city  had  a  population  of  only  about  looo,  and,  further- 
more, was  the  first  hospital  built  upon  United  States  soil. 
Master  Jacob  Hendrickszen  Varrevanger,  surgeon  to  the 
Dutch  West  India  Company,  suggested  the  establishment  of 
it,  which  was  accordingly  done  on  the  20th  December,  1658, 


2  An  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

and  he  was  appointed  in  charge'  This  institution  still  re- 
mained in  1680,  for  in  that  year  what  was  known  as  the  "Old 
Hospital"  or  "Five  houses"  was  sold,  and  a  better  building 
provided." 

In  the  early  days  of  the  second  English  administration,  the 
poor  were  assisted  in  much  the  same  manner,  down  to  the 
year  1690  or  1691.  The  church  fund,  however,  was  now  in- 
creased by  an  appropriation  out  of  the  public  treasury,  tliis 
fund  being  disbursed  by  the  mayor,  deserving  objects  of  char- 
ity being  recommended  by  the  aldermen,  after  due  investiga- 
tion in  the  respective  wards  by  the  city  constable.  In  1691 
we  find  the  first  mention  made  of  Overseers  of  the  Poor.  Two 
were  appointed  to  serve  a  period  of  three  months,  and  were 
to  act  jointly.  In  September,  1693,  a  poor-law  was  passed 
by  the  Assembly,  providing  among  other  things  for  the  ap- 
pointment and  support  of  a  good  minister  in  each  parish  or 
precinct,  and  also  for  the  maintenance  of  the  poor  by  a  rea- 
sonable tax.  In  1695  the  General  Assembly  passed  an  act 
entitled.  An  Act  to  enable  the  City  of  New-York  to  relieve 
the  poor  and  to  defray  their  necessary  and  public  charges. 
Accordingly,  on  October  20  of  this  year  we  find  it  ordered 
that  the  overseers  of  "ye  poore  &c.  doo  visitt  the  several  wards 
of  this  citty  and  examine  what  poor  there  is  that  are  fit  objects 
of  their  charity,  and  make  an  estimate  of  what  will  be  neces- 
sary to  be  raised  for  their  relief,  and  make  report  thereof  to  the 
Clerk's  office  this  day  fortnight."  Pursuant  to  this  order  the 
inspection  was  made,  and  the  estimate  of  ;^  100  for  the  year 
was  allowed. 

There  are  no  means  of  knowing  the  ratio  then  existing  be- 
tween the  number  of  the  pauper  class  and  the  total  population, 
but  it  had  increased  rapidly  in  the  last  years  of  the  seventeenth 
century;  so  much  so,  that  by  the  year  1699  the  support  of  the 
poor  had  become  quite  a  burden.  In  1697,  i"  June,  the  ap- 
propriation was  entirely  inadequate,  and  had  to  be  supple- 
mented by  the  addition  of  about  one  half     The  total  for  the 

1  James  Grant  Wilson,  "  Memorial  History  of  New-York." 
2  J.  M.  Toner,    "  Medical  Men  of  tlie  Revolution." 


An  Account  of  Bellevuc  Hospital.  3 

year  was  £\^^.  A  census  of  the  city  was  taken  in  1696,  and 
there  was  found  a  total  population  of  4302  souls.  Now  it 
must  be  remembered  that  this  amount  of  tax-money  was  in  ad- 
dition to  the  amount  contributed  by  the  Church,  and  does  not 
represent  the  total  cost  of  the  poor.  Taking  this  as  the  city's 
quota,  the  poor-rate  was  ;^.036  per  capita.  Compare  this  show- 
ing with  that  of  the  city  of  London,  and  we  find  that  New-York 
in  those  early  days  was  making  a  very  creditable  record  in  the 
discharge  of  her  duty  to  the  poor.  London  was  in  those  days 
fast  becoming  the  first  city  of  the  civilized  world.  In  1695 
her  population  was  667,290,  and  the  amount  paid  to  the  poor 
in  1694  was  ;^66, 000,  or  at  the  rate  of  ^.091  per  capita.  Thus 
New-York,  a  mere  village  of  4300  people,  contributed  for 
poor-support  40  per  cent,  the  amount  per  capita  that  London 
did — a  very  creditable  showing,  assuming  the  economical  ad- 
ministration of  the  fund.  In  1697  we  find  Mayor  De  Peyster 
negotiating  for  a  house  suitable  to  be  used  as  an  asylum  for 
the  houseless  poor. 

There  had  up  to  this  time  been  no  general  epidemic  in  the 
city,  and  no  period  of  any  great  sickness  among  the  people. 
The  winter  of  1696  proved  a  bad  one  in  the  city,  however, 
both  to  the  poor  and  the  rich.  There  occurred  almost  a  bread 
famine  in  New- York,  caused  by  commercial  difficulties  between 
the  city  and  the  agricultural  districts  up  the  river,  owing  to 
which  corn  was  sold  elsewhere  than  in  New-York.  It  became 
so  difficult  to  get  bread  that  complaint  was  made  to  the  Com- 
mon Council  that  unless  some  speedy  method  of  relief  were 
devised  the  inhabitants  would  not  be  able  to  subsist  through 
this  emergency. 

In  the  winter  of  17 13-14  the  distress  among  the  poor  was 
very  great.  It  was  found  by  the  justice  and  church-war- 
dens that  they  were  perishing  for  want  of  clothing  and  provi- 
sions, whereupon  ;^iOO  was  borrowed  by  the  city  for  their 
support  for  six  months.  The  proposition  was  first  made  also 
at  this  time  (March,  1714)  for  the  establishment  and  building 
of  a  poorhouse.  A  committee  of  six  members  of  the  Common 
Council  was  appointed  to  consider  the  matter.    Nothing,  how- 


4  An  Account  of  Bcllcvue  Hospital. 

ever,  for  the  present  was  accomplished.  It  was  twenty  years 
before  any  decided  steps  were  taken  in  this  direction.  During 
this  time  the  city  had  been  growing  rapidly  in  size  and  im- 
portance as  a  shipping  port.  According  to  the  census  of  1731, 
the  city  contained  1400  houses,  and  had  a  population  of  8628. 
There  were  many  poor,  including  a  proportionately  large  class 
of  vagabonds  and  idle  beggars.  The  poor  were  still  boarded  at 
the  public  expense,  or  wandered  about  begging;  and  because  of 
a  totally  inadequate  police  the  criminal  class  had  practically  a 
license  to  do  as  they  pleased.  Such  a  state  of  things  could 
but  foster  crime  and  breed  sickness.  In  1731  the  city  suffered 
its  third  epidemic  of  disease,  when  smallpox  raged  and  was 
very  fatal.  Thus  it  became  apparent  to  those  who  had  the 
public  good  at  heart  that  some  means  must  be  speedily  found 
to  correct  these  evils,  for  in  consequence  thereof  life  in  New- 
York  was  rendered  exceedingly  burdensome.  Accordingly, 
on  November  15,  1734,  in  the  mayoralty  of  Mr.  Robert  Lur- 
ting,  the  Common  Council  appointed  a  committee  to  inquire 
where  a  house  suitable  to  be  used  as  a  workhouse  might  be 
purchased.  This  committee  reported  on  December  20,  1734, 
after  due  investigation,  in  favor  of  the  erection  by  the  corpora- 
tion of  such  a  building  on  unimproved  lands  belonging  to  the 
city,  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  lands  of  the  late  Colonel 
Dongan,  commonly  called  the  "Vineyard."  This  recommen- 
dation was  unanimously  adopted  by  the  board,  and  a  commit- 
tee nominated  to  carry  out  the  measure.  They  were  instructed 
to  lay  out  sufficient  land  to  admit  of  additional  buildings  and 
other  conveniences,  should  occasion  require,  and  for  a  yard, 
garden,  etc.  They  were  also  instructed  in  regard  to  the  size 
of  the  building  to  be  erected,  and,  as  to  the  material,  it  was 
to  be  of  stone.  It  was  to  be  called  the  "  Publick  Workhouse 
and  House  of  Correction  of  the  City  of  New  York."  The  site 
was  that  upon  which  the  City  Hall  now  stands.  The  build- 
ing was  begun  in  1735,  as  soon  as  the  season  of  the  year  per- 
mitted. The  committee  agreed  with  one  John  Roomer  for 
carpenter  work  and  materials  at  a  cost  of  ;^8o,  and  for  fifty 
gallons  of  rum,  the  corporation  "to  be  at  the  charge  for  liquor 


James  R.  Wood,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 


An  Account  of  Bcllevue  Hospital. 


II 

ji  ■ 


The  First  Poorhouse  in  New-York,  1736. 
(By  the  kind  permission  of  Gen.  James  Grant  Wilson. ) 


at  laying  the  beams  and  raising  the  roof."  The  building 
was  ready  for  occupancy  early  in  the  year  1736.  It  was  fifty- 
six  feet  long  and  twenty-four  feet  wide,  two  stories  high,  with 
a  cellar.  In  the  cellar  on  the  east  side  were  rooms  for  those 
put  at  hard  labor  and  for  weaving;  in  the  middle  was  a  store- 
room for  the  provisions,  and  on  the  west  a  strong-room  or 
cage  for  the  refractory,  be- 
sides rooms  for  spinning, 
carding,  etc.  On  the  first 
floor,  to  the  east,  was  the 
general  dining-room,  up- 
stairs were  quarters  for  the 
keeper  and  his  family,  and 
on  the  west  the  room  es- 
pecially set  apart  as  the 
infirmary,  and  to  be  used 
for  no  other  purpose  what- 
ever. Here  we  have  in  a 
room  about  twenty-five  by 
twenty-three  feet,  on  the  upper  floor  on  the  Broadway  side, 
the  primitive  trace  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  It  contained  six 
beds.  Its  first  medical  officer  was  Dr.  John  Van  Beuren. 
His  salary  was  ^lOO  a  year,  out  of  which  he  was  expected 
to  supply  his  own  medicines. 

We  would  like  to  have  a  glimpse  of  what  this  hospital  was 
like  when  its  ward  was  filled  ;  but  no  clinical  record  has  been 
left  us.  It  was  not  the  custom  in  those  days  to  keep  very  ex- 
tended or  accurate  histories.  If  we  could  have  entered  the 
ward  when  Dr.  Van  Beuren  was  making  his  visit,  however,  we 
would  doubtless  have  seen  faces  not  very  strange  to  a  Bellevue 
man  of  to-day.  Here  is  an  old  and  infirm  Dutchman,  per- 
haps ;  there  a  Frenchman,  next  an  Irishman,  and  next,  per- 
haps, Lo,  the  poor  Indian,  occupies  the  bed  in  which  to-day 
we  find  John  Chinaman.  What  are  the  diagnoses?  Here  are 
bronchitis  and  asthma,  lues  venerea,  peripneumonie  also,  and 
dropsy  of  the  chest.  How  did  the  doctor  treat  his  patients? 
Let  his  record  tell.      Dr.  Van  Beuren  was  a  Dutchman,  born 


6  An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

in  the  city  of  Amsterdam.  He  came  to  this  city  in  the  early 
years  of  the  eighteenth  century  when  twenty-two  years  of 
age,  a  graduate  of  the  medical  school  in  Leyden,  and  a  pupil 
of  the  illustrious  Boerhaave.  He  enjoyed  a  large  practice  in 
the  city,  and  was  appointed  to  the  almshouse  position  through 
the  influence  of  the  governor  of  the  colony.  He  served,  it  is 
said,  until  about  1765.  At  all  events,  he  was  succeeded  by 
his  youngest  son,  Beekman,  who  held  the  position  at  the  out- 
break of  the  Revolution.  Another  son,  Abraham,  was  a  phy- 
sician also,  and  the  grandfather  of  the  late  Professor  William 
H.  Van  Buren  of  this  city.  We  may  be  sure  that  his  patients 
were  treated  upon  the  wisest  and  most  enlightened  plan.  The 
era  of  hospital-building  was  just  setting  in  in  Europe,  and 
when  we  remember  that  his  renowned  preceptor  was  one  of 
the  first  to  teach  that  strict  cleanliness  and  pure  air,  with  sim.- 
ple  buildings,  were  the  first  and  truest  principles  of  hospital 
management,  we  may  feel  assured  that  the  young  hospital  had 
been  intrusted  to  proper  hands.  In  those  early  days  the  little 
city  of  New-York  had  many  more  than  her  share  of  a  class  of 
individuals  which  is  not  yet  entirely  extinct,  persons  who  de- 
mand of  the  public  both  its  money  and  its  life.  The  quacks 
and  charlatans  far  outnumbered  the  real  physicians.  It  is 
said  that  in  1745  there  were  at  least  forty  such  so-called  phy- 
sicians and  surgeons  in  the  city  (which  had  then  a  population 
of  about  9000),  very  few,  indeed,  of  whom  had  ever  seen  the 
inside  of  a  medical  school.  The  almshouse,  therefore,  was 
fortunate  in  having  as  its  medical  officer  so  competent  a  man 
as  John  Van  Beuren.  In  the  absence  of  any  records  of  the 
first  almshouse,  we  cannot  tell  how  many  patients  the  doc- 
tor had  under  his  charge,  for  we  fear  the  capacity  of  the  ward 
is  not  an  absolute  indication  of  the  number  often  found  there. 
The  first  superintendent  of  the  house  was  John  Sebring,  ap- 
pointed March  31,  1736.  His  official  title  was  Keeper  of  the 
House  of  Correction  and  Master  of  the  Workhouse  and  Poor- 
house.  He  lived  in  the  house  with  his  family.  His  salary 
was  ;^30  a  year,  with  board  and  lodging.  Besides  this  he  had 
such  perquisites  as  these:  refractory  servants  and  slaves  could 


A  71  Accoimt  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  7 

be  sent  to  the  house  for  punishment  at  a  charge  of  one  shil- 
hng  entrance  fee,  seven  pence  a  day  while  kept,  and  one  shil- 
ling on  discharge;  for  whipping  and  other  punishment,  1^.  6d. 
additional.  This  privilege  of  having  servants  thus  cared  for 
seems  to  have  been  in  common  use  by  the  public.  It  made, 
at  any  rate,  considerable  addition  to  the  income  of  the  keeper. 
In  1 764  we  find  it  recorded  that  the  keeper  received  an  allowance 
of  ^20  in  consequence  of  there  having  been  no  whipper  in  the 
house  for  a  considerable  time. 

Under  this  narrow  roof  were  confined  the  maniac  and  the 
unruly,  the  poor,  the  aged,  and  the  infirm.  But  "workhouse" 
was  no  misnomer.  The  vicious  were  put  to  hard  labor  for  the 
common  good.  An  industrial  school  was  carried  on  for  in- 
struction in  sewing,  knitting,  spinning,  and  weaving,  and  in 
working  in  leather  and  in  iron;  and  the  skilled  among  the 
pauper  inmates  were  made  to  teach  the  parish  orphan  children 
these  useful  trades,  and  in  the  garden  the  young  agricultural 
idea  was  instructed  how  to  shoot.  Thus  was  carried  on  whole- 
some penitentiary,  and  of  its  kind  apprentice  labor  for  the  moral 
and  material  profit  of  the  whole  community  —  a  state  of  things 
which  organized  labor  of  to-day  would  have  suppressed;  but 
the  walking  delegate  had  not,  as  yet,  come  from  the  skies  in 
aid  of  the  workingman. 

As  regards  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  house,  it  must,  on 
the  whole,  have  been  excellent.  The  site  was  a  most  salu- 
brious one,  on  the  very  outskirts  of  the  city,  and  on  compara- 
tively high  ground.  The  city,  in  those  days,  did  not  extend 
beyond  the  present  line  of  Cortlandt  street  on  the  west ; 
above  that  was  the  King's  Farm.  To  the  south  and  east,  but 
some  distance  away,  was  Beekman's  Swamp,  and  about  1740 
this  was  drained  and  cultivated.  On  the  line  of  the  present 
Park  Row,  and  extending  north  and  eastward,  was  the  High 
Road  to  Boston.  Between  this  and  Broadway,  on  what  was 
called  the  Commons,  was  the  almshouse.  In  1745  the  stock- 
ades were  built  as  a  protection  against  the  French  and  Indians. 
These  commenced  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Desbrosses  in  Cherry 
street  (which,  according  to  Valentine,  was  the  last  house  on  the 


8 


An  Accou)it  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 


East  River  to  as  far  north  as  Kip's  Bay),  and  ran  in  a  direct 
line  to  Windmill  Lane ;  from  thence  they  went  across  the  city 
in  the  rear  of  the  poorhouse  to  Dominie's  Hook  on  the  North 
River.  Near  the  almshouse  grounds,  but  outside  the  pali- 
sades, was  a  powder- house,  and  it  became  necessary  at  the 
opening  of  the  winter  of  1746,  for  the  safety  of  this  building, 

to  have  a  watch-house  built 
within  the  fortifications. 

Early  in  this  year  it  had 
become  necessary  to  make 
extensive  additions  and  re- 
pairs to  the  workhouse  and 
almshouse,  the  total  cost 
of  which,  including  that  of 
the  watch-house,  was  about 
;^620.  It  is  not  known  what 
alterations  were  made,  but 
from  a  reference  in  the  rec- 
ords to  the  "old"  building 
it  seems  probable  that  an 
addition  of  considerable  size  was  erected.  It  would  be  weari- 
some to  tell  the  details  in  the  history  of  this  building,  or  the 
various  changes  in  the  management ;  nor  is  it  necessary  in 
order  to  give  an  idea  of  the  general  condition  of  the  young 
hospital. 

Nothing  further  of  any  consequence  is  known  down  to  the 
period  of  the  Revolution.  In  1757  a  small  area  was  set  apart 
within  the  grounds  for  the  burial  of  such  of  the  inmates  as 
gave  up  the  fight  within.  In  1776,  just  as  the  city  was  to  be 
given  over  to  the  British,  the  inmates  were  transferred  to 
Poughkeepsie,  there  to  remain  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
The  house  at  this  time  was  under  the  medical  charge  of  Beek- 
man  Van  Beuren  (who  had  succeeded  his  father  some  ten 
years  previously),  and  under  the  superintendence  of  Alexan- 
der Forbes.  The  house  in  the  city  then  came  under  the  care 
of  another,  who  was  authorized  to  draw  king's  rations  for  nine 
months  for  the  poor  and  refractory  received  into  the  building. 


Plan  of  the  Vicinity  of  the  Poorhouse,  1763 


Aloiizo  Clark,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 

[From  a  photograph  loaned  by  Dr.  Francis  Delafield.] 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  g 

After  the  great  fire  of  September  21,  1776,  about  three  hun- 
dred destitute  were  admitted.  In  a  daily  paper  of  the  time  is 
an  order  from  one  in  authority  whereby  five  or  six  EngHsh 
soldiers  were  sent  unarmed  to  convey  a  crazy  woman  to  the 
almshouse.  This  gives  a  faint  glimpse  of  the  appearance  of 
things  during  these  stormy  times. 

After  the  evacuation  in  1783,  on  the  return  of  the  poor 
from  up  the  river,  several  outbuildings  were  erected  to 
increase  the  accommodation.  After  the  war  the  distress  in 
the  city  was  exceedingly  great ;  the  number  of  the  poor  was 
much  larger  than  it  had  been,  and  the  tax  very  burdensome. 
Charity  sermons  were  preached  in  all  the  churches,  and  a 
commission  appointed  to  investigate  the  almshouse  recom- 
mended a  more  economical  management.  In  1775  the  poor- 
tax  amounted  to  ;^4.233  ;  this,  based  on  the  census  of  1773 
(2  1,876),  was  about  £.  189  per  capita.  This  in  itself  was  a  heavy 
tax,  but  now,  when  the  people  were  suffering  from  the  effects  of 
the  war,  the  tax  was  a  most  grievous  one.  On  the  30th  June, 
1784,  ^1000  was  advanced  to  the  almshouse,  to  be  repaid  out 
of  the  poor-tax.  The  almshouse  and  bridewell  were  at  this  time 
under  the  immediate  management  of  the  mayor  and  recorder, 
in  conjunction  with  the  vestrymen  and  the  aldermen  and 
assistant  aldermen.  The  record  of  the  census  taken  at  the 
almshouse  on  the  14th  November,  1785,  shows  a  total  of 
301,  115  of  whom  were  males.  Unfortunately,  it  is  impossi- 
ble to  state  the  number  of  those  who  were  patients  in  the 
hospital,  but  from  these  facts  it  may  be  concluded  that  the 
hospital  was  full,  if  not  overflowing. 

This  house  was  occupied  by  its  tenants  until  1796.  Two 
years  before,  steps  had  been  taken  to  build  a  new  one,  the  old 
being  then  utterly  unfit  and  altogether  too  small  to  accommo- 
date the  demands  made  upon  it.  To  carry  out  this  purpose, 
in  January,  1794,  the  Common  Council  applied  to  the  Legis- 
lature for  authority  to  raise  the  sum  of  ;^io,ooo  by  means  of 
a  public  lottery.  This  the  Legislature  granted.  The  site  se- 
lected was  a  fine  one  directly  in  the  rear  of  the  old  building,  on 
what  is  now  the  north  side  of  Chambers  street.    It  was  finished 


lo  All  Accoiuit  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

in  1796,  and  the  paupers  were  removed  to  it  on  May  20  of  that 
year.  It  is  said  that  in  18 16  the  old  schoolhouse  belonging 
to  the  first  almshouse  was  still  standing.  The  number  of  in- 
mates at  the  time  of  this  transfer  was  622,  more  than  double 
the  number  of  ten  years  before,  and  only  102  of  these  being 
of  native  birth.  The  new  house  was  three  stories  high,  260 
feet  long,  44  feet  wide,  with  two  projections  in  front  of  1 5  x  30 
feet.  It  was  surrounded  by  open  courts  and  gardens,  and  was 
therefore  a  much  more  pretentious  building  than  its  prede- 
cessor. Nevertheless,  it  was  not  destined  to  remain  long  the 
home  of  the  poor. 

Such  is  the  history  of  the  almshouse  down  to  181 1.  In 
view  of  the  meagerness  of  the  facts  obtainable,  it  has  been 
necessary,  in  order  to  convey  some  idea  of  the  character  of  the 
infirmary,  to  go  somewhat  into  detail  concerning  the  poor- 
house —  more  perhaps  than  would  otherwise  be  warranted. 
Now,  however,  we  have  arrived  at  the  period  when  the  third 
almshouse  was  about  to  be  built  and  the  hospital  department 
thenceforward  gradually  to  become  the  most  important  part 
of  the  establishment. 


II. 

181 1 -1847. 

The  almshouse,  built  only  fifteen  years  before,  w'as  now 
altogether  too  small.  The  city,  which  at  that  time  was  the 
second  in  importance  (Philadelphia  being  then  the  larger), 
and  which  had  a  population  of  about  36,000,  had  now,  accord- 
ing to  the  census  of  1810,  a  population  of  96,373,  and  was 
rapidly  superseding  the  Pennsylvania  town  as  the  metropoli- 
tan city  of  America.  The  increase  of  the  poorer  class  was 
augmented  by  the  great  distress  and  business  troubles  follow- 
ing in  the  wake  of  the  terrible  epidemics  of  yellow  fever  which 
had  occurred  in  the  city  almost  every  year  from  1794  to  1805. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  ii 

The  disease,  it  might  be  said,  was  endemic  here.  The  poorer 
parts  of  the  town,  notably  along  the  water-front,  were  hot- 
beds of  the  plague.  The  streets  and  gutters  reeked  with  filth  ; 
sewers  were  mere  open  canals  where  refuse  of  all  sorts  found 
its  way  to  the  river.  Many  of  the  streets  were  unpaved.  In 
1805,  it  is  said,  between  26,000  and  27,000  persons  fled  from 
the  city  to  the  surrounding  towns  ;  many  went  to  the  village 
of  Greenwich,  some  two  or  three  miles  distant. 

In  1807  the  city  obtained  permission  from  the  Legislature 
to  lay  out  a  plan  of  streets,  and  a  period  of  great  municipal 
improvement  began.  It  was  soon  after  this  time,  during  the 
mayoralty  of  Hon.  De  Witt  Clinton,  that  negotiations  were 
begun  for  the  purchase  of  a  site  whereon  to  establish  a  new 
almshouse  and  penitentiary  on  an  elaborate  scale.  It  was  on 
April  17,  181 1,  that  a  special  meeting  of  the  Common  Coun- 
cil was  called  to  consider  an  offer  which  had  been  received 
from  the  heirs  of  the  Kip  family  to  sell  a  part  of  the  old  Kip's 
Bay  Farm.  A  committee  was  appointed  at  this  meeting  to 
treat  with  the  Kips,  and  to  purchase  the  site  at  a  price  not 
exceeding  $3500  an  acre.  The  bargain  was  made  a  few  days 
later  on  this  basis.  The  survey  made  by  William  Bridges, 
the  city  surveyor,  showed  that  the  plot  contained  6  acres, 
I  rood,  28  perches,  87  square  feet.  It  was  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  property  of  Samuel  Jones,  Jr.,  by  a  line  running 
nearly  coincident  with  Twenty- eighth  street  from  the  river  to 
a  street  on  the  Kip  Farm  called  Cornelius  street,  almost  on 
the  line  of  the  present  Second  Avenue,  thence  along  this 
street  to  the  southward  of  Maria  street  (between  Twenty-sixth 
and  Twenty-seventh  streets),  to  the  northerly  boundary  of  the 
Belle  Vue  place  which  already  belonged  to  the  corporation  in 
fee  simple  and  whereon  there  already  stood  the  first  building 
to  bear  the  name  of  Belle  Vue  Hospital. 

It  is  necessary  to  go  back  seventeen  years,  to  1794,  to  learn 
the  history  of  this  purchase.  It  was  in  the  beginning  of  the  worst 
yellow-fever  period  the  city  had  experienced.  The  State  gov- 
ernment had  represented  to  the  city  authorities  the  necessity 
of  providing  some  place  of  isolation  for  persons  afflicted  with 


12 


A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 


The  Vicinity  of  Kip's  Bay  in  1767. 


the  malignant  fever.  The  most  elii^ible  place  that  presented 
itself  was  that  belonging  to  Mr.  Brockholst  Livingston,  and  situ- 
ated on  the  East  River,  "opposite  the  three-mile  stone."  It  was 
then  held  under  lease  from  Mr.  Livingston  by  Nicholas  Devise. 
This  lease,  which  was  to  run  for  six  years,  could  be  purchased 
for  ^2000.    In  view,  therefore,  of  the  exposed  condition  of  the 

city,  and  in  order  to  allay  the 
fears  of  the  citizens,  it  was 
determined  to  purchase  this 
lease.  Mr.  Robert  Lenox,  in 
behalf  of  the  board,  concluded 
the  purchase  in  1794.  This 
plot  was  about  five  acres  in 
extent,  and  had  been  once  a 
part  of  the  Kip's  Bay  Farm. 
It  was  conveyed  by  Jacobus 
Kip  about  the  year  1765  to 
Peter  Keteltas  ;  by  him  to  Mar- 
tin Hoffman,  and  by  him  in  turn  to  Robert  Leake,  in  1772. 
Leake  gave  to  the  place  the  name  of  Belle  View.  In  1781  it 
was  again  sold,  and  in  1783  it  came  into  the  possession  of 
Lindley  Murray.  The  latter  gentleman,  while  residing  in 
England  in  1793,  whither  he  had  retired  at  the  close  of  the 
War  of  Independence,  conveyed  this  property  through  his 
attorne\-s  to  Mr.  Brockholst  Livingston,  who  retained  the  name 
but  with  a  different  spelling, —  Belle  Vue, —  and  this  is  the 
genealogy  of  the  name. 

In  1794  a  number  of  cases  of  yellow  fever  had  occurred  in 
the  city,  and  the  fears  of  the  populace  and  of  the  authorities 
that  it  would  appear  in  New-York  again  the  next  summer 
were  to  be  fully  justified  by  the  facts.  The  committee 
appointed  to  make  the  necessary  preparations  at  the  pest- 
house  began  in  October,  1794,  to  make  ready  the  buildings, 
the  principal  one  being  a  two-story  and  attic  structure.  The 
epidemic  began  early  the  next  summer.  On  the  29th  of 
May  the  ship  Antoinette  arrived  in  the  harbor,  and  came  up 
to  the  dock  at  Whitehall.     Two  of  the  crew  were  sick,  and 


Fordyce  Barker,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  13 

were  sent  to  Belle  Vue  by  Health  Ofificer  Richard  Bayley. 
The  hospital  was  in  charge  of  Dr.  John  McFarlane,  who  acted 
under  the  authority  of  the  Commissioners  of  Health. 

In  the  city  at  large  the  fever  created  great  consternation ; 
many  of  the  inhabitants  fled  the  town,  and  business  was  at  a 
standstill.  The  deaths  numbered  732.  In  1796  the  fever  did 
not  begin  until  the  middle  of  August,  when  the  first  arrivals 
in  the  harbor  were  on  the  New-York  and  Philadelphia  packet. 
The  captain  had  died  at  sea,  and  the  mate  was  sick  on  arrival 
and  was  sent  to  Belle  Vue.  The  hospital  was  not  largely  used 
this  year  because  the  Health  Commission  fitted  up  a  new 
pest-house  on  Bedloe's  Island,  and  used  this  place  as  a  quar- 
antine station.  The  beds  and  bedding  which  had  been  used 
the  year  before  at  Belle  Vue  were  taken  to  this  hospital. 
Health  Officer  Bayley,  in  a  letter  to  Governor  Jay,  reported 
that  these  articles  were  in  a  very  filthy  state,  and  that  within 
eight  days  after  they  were  brought  from  Belle  Vue  those  who 
had  transported  them,  together  with  the  nurses  and  the  stew- 
ard of  the  house,  were  attacked  with  fever,  the  attending  physi- 
cian, Monsieur  Bouvier,  also  being  indisposed  for  several  days. 
These  valuable  articles  were  not  a  gift  of  the  city,  however, 
for  the  Health  Officer  paid  the  corporation  a  stipend  for  their 
use.  The  city,  generally  speaking,  was  free  from  the  fever 
from  1796  to  1798,  and  the  hospital  at  Belle  Vue  was  not  used. 
The  building  during  these  years  was  occupied  by  one  Smith 
Fisher,  but  for  what  purpose  is  not  clear ;  there  is  a  suspicion 
that  it  was  as  a  public  house,  however,  for  in  March,  1798,  when 
sealed  proposals  were  made  for  the  place,  it  was  determined 
by  the  Common  Council  before  opening  the  bids  that  it  should 
not  be  used  for  any  such  purpose. 

The  Board  of  Health  rented  it  again  on  April  2,  1798. 
The  yellow  fever  made  great  ravages  in  the  city  during  the 
summer.  The  deaths  numbered  2080  from  July  to  November, 
and  it  is  estimated  that  1000  persons  besides  died  from  its 
eftects.  The  population  at  this  time  was  about  60,489  (census 
of  1800),   nearly  doubled   in  ten  years. 

Belle  Vue  was  opened  on  June   12  under  the  care  of  Dr. 


14  An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

Isaac   S.    Douglass.      From  that  date   to    November   14,   389 
patients  were  admitted,  perliaps  three  quarters  of  whom  were 
sick  with  pestilential  fevers.     There  were  sixteen  nurses  em- 
ployed.     Dr.  Douglass  himself  contracted  the  disease,  but  he 
traced  the  infection  in  his  case  to  his  having  visited  friends  in 
New -York  and  having  slept  in  a  highly  infected  part  of  the 
city.     Three  days  after  his  return  to  Belle  Vue  he  was  seized 
with  the  fever.     He  ultimately  recovered,  and  in  December  of 
that  year  he  was  asked  by  the  Health  Commissioners  to  trace 
the  source  of  infection  in  his  own  case.      In  his  reply  he  gives 
some  interesting  facts  in  regard  to  the  interior  arrangements 
of  the  hospital :   "  The  health  office  boatmen  who  were  in  the 
habit  of  bringing  the  sick  to  Belle  Vue  from  the  city  and  ship- 
ping, were  accustomed  to  enter  the  hospital  at  all  times,  and 
to  assist  in  placing  as  well  as  moving  the  sick  from  room  to 
room.     The  number  of  the  washerwomen  during  this  period 
was   seven.     Several    persons   were   employed    constantly  in 
cooking,   cleaning,   and   in    burying    the    dead.     There  were 
besides    transient    people,    near    relatives    of    the    sick,    who 
were    permitted   by  the   commissioners  to  visit  occasionally.  • 
Several  persons  accompanied  their  friends  to  Belle  Vue,  stayed 
with  them  and  nursed  them  during  their  illness.      Under  all 
these  circumstances  there    happened    to   my    knowledge    no 
instance  of  infection,  although  an  opinion  has  been  adopted 
by  many  that  my  sickness,  whilst  residing  at  Belle  Vue  Hos- 
pital,  arose    from    infection    imbibed    at   that    place. 
In  making  this  declaration,  I   must  remark  to   you   that  the 
situation  of  the  medical  attendants  at  Belle  Vue  was  by  no 
means    a    propitious    one.      Before    the    new    buildings   were 
erected  for   the  accommodation  of  the   sick,   the   physicians' 
room  (the  only  one   they  had)  was  literally  surrounded   by 
them    (the    sick).     The    room   adjoining   the   front  and   back 
piazzas,  the  hall,  the  rooms  and  hall  in  the  second  story,  a 
room  in  the  cellar  that  had  been  used  for  a  kitchen,  all  con- 
tained sick.     They  were  likewise   placed    in  several  Chinese 
summer-houses  in  the  small  space  between  the  main  house 
and  the  East  River;   and  in  the  building  erected  for  the  pur- 


An  Accotmt  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 


15 


pose  of  a  bathing-house.  A  large  canvas  was  also  erected 
(for  want  of  a  more  convenient  place)  under  the  windows  of 
the  southwest  part  of  the  house  for  the  reception  of  the  dying 
and  the  dead.  Under  all  the  disadvantages  enumerated,  I 
know  of  no  instance  where  infection  resulted."  ^ 

The  corporation  paid  Mr.  Brockholst  Livingston  in  April  of 
this  year  the  sum  of  ^1800,  and  the  Belle  Vue  Farm  became 


1^  Belle  VuE 


Vicinity  of  Belle  Vue  in  1803. 


the    property  of  the   city  in    fee     ..„,, ,, ,^. ..     ,  .^, 

simple.  Again  there  is  a  period  ']^^^j^^p^p|t=^ 
during  which  no  patients  were 
sent  to  Belle  Vue  Hospital.  For 
five  years,  from  1798  to  1803, 
there  is  only  the  record  of  repairs 
being  made  and  care-takers  ap- 
pointed. 

In  1 80 1,  although  there  was 
some  need  of  the  hospital  for 
fever  patients,  the  hospitals  and 
tents  in  the  bay  being  crowded, 
the  Health  Commissioners  did  not  accede  to  the  request  of  Dr. 
Bayley  to  again  rent  Belle  Vue,  but  instead  put  up  additional 
buildings  on  Bedloe's  Island.  In  1803  the  pestilence  was 
again  rife,  and  700  deaths  occurred  in  the  city.  Belle  Vue 
was  opened  on  the  12th  August,  and  Dr.  Isaac  Foster  was 
put  in  charge.  From  this  date  until  the  29th  October  186 
patients  were  admitted.  Of  these  100  were  males;  21  of  the 
186  were  colored.  Only  a  small  portion  were  natives  and 
residents  of  New -York,  the  principal  part  being  immigrants 
from  Ireland  and  Germany,  most  of  whom  had  recently  ar- 
rived. The  number  of  deaths  in  the  hospital  this  season  just 
equaled  the  number  of  recoveries.  After  this,  the  hospital 
was  again  vacant  till  the  summer  of  1805.  In  the  spring  of 
this  year  the  premises  were  handed  over  to  the  Health  De- 
partment by  the  Common  Council,  and  used  during  the  epi- 
demic which  again  afflicted  the  city,  but  which,  when  it  had 
spent  its  force,  was  not  to  reappear  for  fourteen  years.     The 

1  Dr.  I.  S.  Douglass  to  John  Oothout,  Esq.,  Chairman  Com.  Health  Office,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  17,  1798. —  "Medical  Repository" 


i6  A?i  Account  of  Belleviic  Hospital. 

number  of  cases  reported  to  the  health  authorities  during  this 
season  was  about  600,  the  deaths  about  340,  including  those 
in  the  city  and  at  Belle  Vue,  and  at  the  Marine  Hospital  on 
Staten  Island.  In  1806  there  is  a  record  of  a  smallpox  patient 
having  been  sent  from  the  almshouse  to  Belle  Vue ;  but  with 
this  exception  we  do  not  hear  of  the  place  again  for  five 
years,  when  it  appears  in  the  records  as  the  southern  boundary 
of  the  plot  of  ground  already  described  which  was  bought  of 
the  heirs  of  Samuel  Kip.  Thus  the  history  of  the  first  hospi- 
tal to  boar  the  name  Belle  Vue  is  to  all  intents  and  purposes 
the  history  of  the  epidemics  of  yellow  fever  which  ravaged 
the  city  for  eleven  years.  During  this  period  there  was  an 
exodus  every  year  from  the  city  at  the  beginning  of  the  hot 
season  of  all  those  who  were  able  by  any  means  to  go.  They 
fled  to  Greenwich  and  Bloomingdale,  to  the  northward  and 
other  neighboring  villages,  and  the  city  was  left  to  the  indi- 
gent whites  and  the  negroes,  which  latter  class  acted  as  atten- 
dants on  the  sick  and  buried  the  dead.  It  is  difficult  to  state 
exactly  the  average  mortality  of  the  city  at  that  time,  but  it  is 
estimated  at  about  one  to  thirty  ;  in  London  at  the  same  time 
it  was  about  one  to  fifty.  An  enumeration  made  after  the 
disappearance  of  the  epidemic  sickness  in  1805  shows  a  popu- 
lation of  75,770,  including  1906  free  negroes  and  2048  slaves. 
The  number  of  deaths  from  all  causes  in  1805  was  2352. 

To  return  to  the  time  of  the  purchase  of  the  site  for  the  new 
almshouse  in  181 1.  Some  of  the  history  of  this  plot  has  been 
given  already  in  the  account  of  the  Belle  Vue  place.  The 
balance  of  the  plot  that  lay  to  the  northward  of  the  Belle  Vue 
place  and  the  major  part  of  the  ground  just  bought  by  the  city 
was  a  portion  of  the  old  Kip'  estate,  and  had  been  known  for 
nearly  a  hundred  and  fifty  years  as  the  Kip's  Bay  Farm. 
Some  time  prior  to  1643  there  came  from  Holland  to  the  city 
of  New  Amsterdam,  Hendrick  Hendrickszen  Kip,  a  tailor  by 
trade,  with  his  wife  Tryntje  (Catherine)  and  five  children.  One 
of  these  children  was  named  Jacob  Hendrickszen  ;  he  was 
born  in  1631.  It  was  either  the  father  or  the  son  who  ob- 
tained a  grant  of  a  farm  of  150  acres  on  the  East  River  along 


An  Account  of  Belleznie  Hospital. 


17 


Old  Dutch  House  at  Kip's  Bay. 

(From  Valentine's  "  Manual.") 


that  part  of  the  shore  extending  from  about  Twenty-sixth 
street  northward  to  Turtle  Bay,  or  to  about  the  Hne  of  Forty- 
first  street  —  or,  in  other  words,  at  Kip's  Bay.  The  family 
lived  for  many  years  in  the  city  of  New  Amsterdam.  In  1654 
the  son  Jacob  married,  and  in  the  following  year  built  him- 
self a  house  on  the  farm  and  went  there  to  live.  This  house 
stood  some  distance  from 
the  river  on  the  line  of 
Thirty-fifth  street.  It  was 
built  of  Holland  brick,  and 
remained  until  1696.  Over 
the  door  was  carved,  in 
stone,  it  is  said,  the  arms 
of  the  family.  Their  motto 
was  Vestigia  niitla  retror- 
siim.  This  house  was  torn 
down  in  1696  and  another  built  on  its  site,  which  latter  re- 
mained for  150  years  (until  185  i),  when  it  went  the  way  of  all 
landmarks,  to  make  room  for  Thirty-fifth  street.  Five  genera- 
tions of  Kips  were  born  under  this  roof;  Jacob  Kip  died 
in  1690,  having  served  several  terms  as  schepen  under  the 
Dutch  rule. 

This  spot  has  a  historical  interest  in  Revolutionary  annals. 
The  massing  of  the  troops  in  and  around  New-York  in  April, 
1776,  compelled  the  use  for  barrack  accommodations  (as  this 
was  the  more  immediate  need)  of  such  places  as  could  easily 
be  turned  into  hospitals.  On  the  recommendation  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Safety,  the  Queen's  College  and  also  the  unfinished 
New- York  Hospital  were  so  used.  And  it  became  absolutely 
necessary,  in  view  of  the  probability  of  a  general  engagement 
in  the  effort  to  retain  New-York,  that  extra  hospital  accommo- 
dation should  be  provided.  These  facts  led  the  Director- 
Genei-al,  Dr.  Morgan,  to  apply  to  the  New-York  State  Con- 
vention for  the  assignment  of  houses  for  hospital  purposes. 
Among  many  others  assigned  were  Mr.  Watts'  house  and  the 
Widow  Leake's  house,  both  near  Kip's  Bay.  The  result  of 
the  battle  of  Long  Island,  however,  changed  all  these  plans, 


1 8  A  71  Accoutit  of  Dcllcvue  Hospital. 

and  these  houses  were  not  occupied  by  the  Medical  Corps. 
Soon  after  the  American  troops  were  forced  to  retire  from 
Boston,  March,  1776,  preparations  were  made  in  and  about 
New- York  to  receive  the  British,  and  military  works  were 
erected  at  Kip's  Bay  among  other  places.  It  was  in  Septem- 
ber of  this  year  that  Kip's  Bay  was  the  scene  of  action. 

After  Washington  had  made  his  memorable  retreat  and  had 
decided  to  evacuate  New-York,  he  took  most  of  the  army  up 
the  Kingsbridge  road  to  Harlem  Heights,  stationing  some  at 
Kip's  Bay  to  detain  the  British  until  General  Putnam,  who, 
with  four  thousand  men,  was  still  in  the  city,  could  make  good 
his  retreat  and  join  him. 

When  Howe  began  to  cross  the  river,  Washington  brought 
down  a  brigade  of  Connecticut  troops  to  reinforce  the  detach- 
ment at  Kip's  Bay.  These  troops,  however,  at  the  approach  of 
the  enemy  became  panic-stricken  and  made  a  most  ignoble 
flight.  Washington  himself  attempted  to  rally  them,  riding 
up  and  down  the  shore  of  the  river,  and  in  the  midst  of  the 
cannonading,  but  in  vain.  The  troops  made  scarcely  a  stand, 
and  Washington  was  forced  to  retire  in  anger  and  disgust. 

Sir  William  Howe  landed  on  Sunday,  September  15,  1776, 
at  a  point  of  rocks  a  few  hundred  yards  from  the  ancient  Kip 
mansion.  There  was  a  skirmish  with  the  Americans  in  the 
rear  of  the  house,  but  the  latter  soon  retired.  The  troops 
were  landed  under  cover  of  fire  from  the  fleet  which  for  several 
days  previous  had  been  assembling  in  the  river.  An  eye- 
witness who  viewed  the  scene  from  the  Long  Island  shore 
says:  "The  army  crossed  the  East  River  in  open  flat-boats 
which  were  filled  with  soldiers  standing  erect,  their  arms  all 
glittering  in  the  sunbeams.  They  approached  the  British  fleet 
in  Kip's  Bay  in  the  form  of  a  crescent  caused  by  the  force  of 
the  tide  breaking  the  intended  line  of  boat  after  boat.  They 
all  closed  up  in  the  rear  of  the  fleet,  when  all  the  vessels  opened 
a  heavy  cannonade." 

After  the  landing,  and  when  General  Howe  was  about  to  fol- 
low the  retreating  army,  Mrs.  Robert  Murray  of  Murray  Hill, 
knowing  that  Putnam  had  not  yet  passed  up  from  the  city  and 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  19 

must  surely  be  captured  if  Howe  proceeded,  invited  the  gen- 
eral to  dine  with  her.  This  hospitality  was  accepted,  a  general 
halt  was  ordered,  and  the  American  troops  escaped. 

The  old  Kip  house  was  found  by  the  British  to  be  vacant. 
The  family  were  Whigs.  It  was  the  very  house,  therefore,  to 
be  taken  for  the  use  of  the  British  officers.  It  is  said  that  here 
several  officers  of  distinction  in  the  British  army  refreshed 
themselves  —  Sir  William  Howe  and  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  Lord 
Percy  also,  and  General  Knyphausen,  and  the  unfortunate 
Major  Andre;  and  later  still,  in  1780,  the  same  house  was  the 
headquarters  of  Colonel  Williams,  commanding  the  Sixtieth 
Royal  Americans,  a  regiment  organized  in  1755  for  service  in 
the  French  and  Indian  War. 

Both  the  Kip's  Bay  Farm  and  the  adjoining  Rose  Hill  Farm 
were  among  the  most  fertile  on  Manhattan  Island,  and  certainly 
there  was  no  fairer  spot  or  one  which  better  deserved  the  name 
of  Belle  Vue.  Before  the  war  all  north  of  Chatham  street  was 
"a  country  smiling  with  orchards  and  gardens,"  and  by  the 
end  of  the  century  it  had  recovered  some,  if  not  all,  of  its  for- 
mer beauty.  Dr.  Francis  thus  describes  the  place  as  it  ap- 
peared at  about  this  time:  "On  the  eastern  side  of  the  island 
was  the  well-known  Kip's  Farm  preeminently  distinguished  for 
its  grateful  fruits,  the  plum,  the  peach,  the  pear,  and  the  apple, 
and  for  its  classic  culture  of  the  rosaceae.  Here  the  elite  often 
repaired,  and  here  our  Washington,  now  invested  with  presiden- 
tial honors,  made  an  excursion,  and  was  presented  with  the 
Rosa  Gallica,  an  exotic  first  introduced  into  this  country  in 
this  garden."  This  must  truly  have  been  a  lovely  spot.  Re- 
tired as  it  was  from  the  busy  city,  its  quiet  was  but  once  dis- 
turbed by  the  roar  and  clash  of  arms.  Had  it  been  the  inten- 
tion to  erect  a  large  hospital  such  as  Bellevue  has  grown  to  be, 
a  better  place  could  not  have  been  found.  This  is  the  early 
history  of  the  property  acquired  by  the  city  for  the  new  estab- 
lishment. The  money  paid  to  the  Kip  estate  for  the  plot 
bought  in  181 1  was  $22,494.50.     The  deed  is  dated  April  20. 

On  the  29th  April  the  Common  Council  appointed  a  com- 
mittee on  ground  and  buildings,  and  $100  was  offered  for  a 


20  A 71  Account  of  BcUcvue  Hospital. 

plan.     This  was  awarded  to  Alderman  Hoghland  for  his  plan, 
which  was  accepted  May  27. 

The  corner-stone  of  the  almshouse  was  laid  on  July  29,  181 1, 
by  the  Hon.  De  Witt  Clinton,  mayor.  It  lies  on  the  south- 
east corner  of  the  chapel,  and  it  bears  the  following  inscription: 

The  corner-stone  of  the  Alms  House  of  the  City  of  New- York  was  laid 
by  order  of  the  Common  Council 

BY 


De  Witt  Clinton,  Esquire Mayor 

Pierre  C.  Van  Wyck Recorder 

Peter  Mesier Alderman 

Samuel  Jones,  Junior Assistant 

Thomas  Carpenter Alderman 

Peter  Hawes Assistan 

Charles  Dickinson    Alderman  )  -n  ■  j  u/    ^ 

Augustine  H.  Lawrence  Assistant    \  ^ '"^'^  warn. 


n 


First  Ward. 
Second  Ward. 


Fourth   Ward. 

Ward. 
Sixth  Ward. 
Seventh  Ward. 
>  Eighth  Ward. 
Ninth  Ward. 
Tenth  Ward. 


Richard  Cunningham Alderman 

Elisha  W.   King Assistant 

William  Hoghland Alderman  )  p.. , 

John  Morss Assistant    \      " 

William  Torrey Alderman 

Isaac  S.  Douglass = .  Assistant 

George  Buckmaster Alderman 

Michael  M.  Titus Assistant 

Caleb  Peli Alderman 

William  Willing Assistant 

Nicholas  Fish Alderman 

William  A.  Haruenbrook Assistant 

John  Pell Alderman 

Abraham  Van  Gelden,  Junior Assistant 

Nicholas  Fish "1 

Augustine  H.  Lawrence | 

John  Morss J-  Building  Committee. 

Peter  Hawes  ... 
Elisha  W.  King 

William  Hoghland,  Architect. 


During  the  year  181 1  the  work  made  rapid  progress, 
and  on  November  27  the  building  committee  reported  that 
$45,791.90  represented  the  value  of  the  work  already  done. 
But  in  the  ensuing  eighteen  months  little  advance  was  made. 
In  1812  our  trouble  with  England  culminated,  and  the  people 
had  much  more  important  business  on  hand  than  the  build- 
ing of  almshouses.  The  work  was  practically  at  a  standstill 
while  preparations  were  made  by  the  city  authorities  for  war. 


William  H.  Van  Buren,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 


An  Account  of  Bellevite  Hospital. 


21 


On  June  25,  1812,  the  Common  Council  ordered  the  building 
committee  to  retrench  as  much  as  possible,  but  it  was  not 
thought  necessary  to  entirely  stop  work.  It  is  not  until  the 
fall  of  1 8 14,  however,  that  any  very  perceptible  advance  can 
be  recorded.  The  building  committee  purchased  an  addi- 
tional plot  of  ground  on  June  22  of  this  year  from  Samuel 
Jones,  Jr.,  in  order  to  adjust 
the  northern  boundary.  It 
was  a  triangular  piece  run- 
ning 50  feet  on  the  river  and 
about  235  feet  northwesterly 
toward  Second  Avenue  and 
Twenty-eighth  street.  They 
paid  $3000  for  it.  Negotia- 
tions for  this  plot  had  begun 
in  September,  181 1.  From 
now  on  the  building  pro- 
gressed to  completion.  In 
August,  1 8 14,  the  committee 
were  in  some  financial  diffi- 
culty, but  the  Mechanics' 
Bank  promptly  offered  to 
loan  $50,000  for  one  year,  the  city  to  pay  by  a  bond  of  the 
corporation  bearing  six  per  cent,  interest.  The  Common 
Council  passed  resolutions  of  thanks,  and  complimented  the 
bank  upon  the  prompt  and  handsome  manner  in  which  it 
came  to  the  rescue.  Two  hundred  men  were  employed  on 
the  work  at  this  time. 

On  April  22,  18 16,  the  Bellevue  committee  reported  that 
the  buildings  were  ready  to  receive  their  guests,  and  steps  were 
at  once  taken  to  formally  open  the  establishment.  It  was  on 
the  29th  of  the  same  month  at  high  noon  that  this  was  done. 
On  this  day  the  members  of  the  council,  with  their  families 
and  friends,  met  in  the  new  chapel  on  the  grounds,  and  divine 
services  were  held.  The  Reverend  John  Stanford,  chaplain 
of  the  almshouse,  officiated.  This  gentleman  had  been  con- 
nected with  the  institution  for  many  years.     He  wrote  a  short 


Hon.  De  Witt  Clinton. 


22 


A  71  Accou7it  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 


sketch  called  "A  History  of  the  Poor  in  New- York  City," 
which  may  be  found  in  Valentine's  "  Manual  of  the  Corpora- 
tion for  1862,"  and  to  which  we  are  indebted. 

Of  the  buildings  comprising  the  new  Bellevue  establishment, 
a  special  interest  attaches  to  the  two  hospital  pavilions  and  to 
the  almshouse  itself,  the  latter  the  more  as  it  was  destined  to  be 


Plan  of  the  Grounds  in  181 7. 

the  home  of  Bcllcv^ue  Hospital  as  it  is  known  to-day.  This 
building,  as  were  all  of  the  structures  of  stone  comprising  the 
group,  is  built  of  gneiss  rock  found  on  the  spot,  or  in  the 
vicinity.  It  was  originally  erected  in  three  stories,  325  feet  by 
55  feet,  with  two  wings,  a  north  and  a  south,  each  100  feet  by 
55  feet.  The  center  building  had  an  attic  story  with  a  cu- 
pola. It  contained  sixty  apartments,  ranging  from  45  feet  by 
28  feet,  to  30  feet  by  24  feet,  of  which  forty-one  rooms  were 
for  the  use  of  paupers.  There  was  also  a  chapel  60  feet  by  45 
feet,  and  which  had  an  elevation  of  30  feet.  It  also  contained 
two  dining-rooms,  office,  and  tailor's  room,  and  in  one  of  the 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  23 

wings  were  two  cells;  the  lying-in  apartment  was  also  here  — 
in  the  north  wing  the  ward  for  white  patients,  in  the  south 
that  for  colored. 

This  building  stands  to-day,  but  was  in  18 16  much  nearer 
the  river,  the  high-water  line  coming  up  to  within  half  a  block 
of  First  Avenue  at  that  time.  In  the  rear  of  this  were  two  struc- 
tures— one  a  workshop  or  factory,  three  stories  high  and  200 
feet  long  by  25  feet  wide,  and  one  of  stone,  two  stories  and 
100  feet  by  25  feet,  designed  as  the  penitentiary.  These  names 
sufficiently  describe  what  the  buildings  contained.  In  the  for- 
mer, on  the  first  floor,  the  male  paupers  worked  at  weaving;  on 
the  upper  floors  were  the  school- rooms  and  rooms  for  spinners 
and  workers  in  leather ;  in  the  basement  women  from  the  prison 
worked  at  picking  oakum,  the  color-line  being  drawn,  one 
room  containing  white  and  the  other  colored  prisoners.  The 
school  was  described  by  a  visitor  in  1828  as  being  "well-con- 
ducted, the  children  orderly,  clean,  and  decently  clothed,  and 
in  good  health."  It  was  under  the  control  of  the  Public  School 
Society  of  the  city.  A  Sunday-school  was  also  conducted  on 
the  premises. 

The  sites  of  these  buildings  were  both  westward  of  First 
Avenue,  directly  in  the  rear  of  the  main  building.  To  the 
north  and  the  south  of  these  sites,  and  at  right  angles  to 
them,  were  the  hospitals,  built  of  brick,  75  feet  in  length  by 
25  feet  in  width.  They  stood  one  on  the  north,  on  line 
with  the  south  side  of  the  present  Twenty-eighth  street, 
and  the  other  on  the  north  side  of  the  present  Twenty-sixth 
street.  One  was  for  male,  the  other  for  female  patients.  They 
each  contained  six  rooms.  In  the  adjacent  part  of  the  grounds 
there  was  a  dead-house,  with  two  engine-houses  close  by.  To 
the  southeastward  of  the  almshouse  stood  the  home  of  the 
superintendent  of  the  establishment,  who  was  also  one  of  the 
commissioners  of  the  almshouse  department.  His  house 
was  surrounded  by  a  spacious  garden,  with  greenhouse,  ice- 
house, and  summer-house  attached.  There  were  also  in  this 
part  of  the  grounds  to  the  westward  a  bakehouse,  a  wash- 
house,  a  soap-factory,  and  a  building  for  carpenters,  black- 


24  ^^i  Accou?it  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

smiths,  and  oakum-pickers,  a  barn,  cart-house,  and  houses  for 
stewards  and  gate-keepers.  The  total  cost  complete,  as  re- 
ported to  the  Common  Council  Board  on  February  9,  181 8, 
was  $421,109.56.  One  thousand  dollars  more  must  be  ad- 
ded to  this,  because  subsequently  the  same  year  the  grounds 
were  further  extended  at  an  outlay  of  that  sum,  so  that  they 
finally  reached  to  Second  Avenue  on  the  west,  and  from 
Twenty-eighth  street  on  the  north  to  Twenty-fourth  street 
on  the  south.  The  whole  was  inclosed  by  a  stone  wall  ten 
feet  in  height,  and  it  was  known  as  the  Bellevue  Establish- 
ment. This  new  portion  was  once  a  part  of  the  old  Rose  Hill 
Farm,  before  the  Revolution  the  property  of  Mr.  John  W'atts. 
This  gentleman  was  the  son  of  Robert  Watts  of  Rose  Hill,  near 
Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  Mary  NicoU  of  Islip,  Long  Isl- 
and, and  was  born  in  New- York  city  in  171 5.  In  1775  Mr. 
Watts  went  to  England,  where  the  opinions  he  expressed  lost 
him  his  property  here.  It  was  confiscated  to  the  crown  in 
1779.  After  the  war  the  most  valuable  portion  of  his  estate 
was  restored  to  his  sons  Robert  and  John.  Mr.  Watts  died  in 
Wales  in  1789.^  Thus  may  be  sketched  the  history  of  the  growth 
of  the  almshouse  from  its  small  beginning  in  1736,  when  its  vari- 
ous divisions  were  comprised  under  one  roof,  through  eighty 
years  of  its  existence,  to  that  period  when  any  one  of  its  de- 
partments was  larger  than  the  entire  institution  in  the  early 
days,  and  required  the  immense  establishment  that  has  just 
been  described,  and  which  ere  long  was  itself  to  be  crowded 
to  its  fullest  capacity.  From  this  time  onward  the  infirmary  be- 
comes a  more  and  more  important  department  of  the  concern. 
When  the  paupers  were  transferred  to  the  new  establishment, 
the  old  almshouse  was  leased  rent  free  for  ten  years  to  the 
following  societies :  Scudder's  American  Museum,  the  Acad- 
emy of  Arts,  New- York  Historical  Society,  the  Lyceum  for 
the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  Professor  Griscom's  Chemical  Lec- 
tures. The  name  of  the  New-York  Institution  was  given  to 
the   whole.     Rooms    were    also    reserved    for   the    executive 

1  Passengers  along  Twenty-si.xth  street  might  have  read  until  within  a  year  or  two, 
over  a  doorway  near  Second  Avenue,  the  legend,  "The  Rose  Hill  Grocery,"  and  there 
is  at  present  near  the  same  place  "  The  Rose  Hill  Laundry." 


An  A  ceo  lint  of  Belleviie  Hospital.  25 

offices  of  the  almshouse  department.  This  building  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire  in   1855. 

Let  us  now  take  a  view  of  the  executive  part  of  the  alms- 
house department,  and  especially  of  its  medical  department, 
which  latter  will  hereafter  absorb  the  most  of  our  attention. 

On  the  return  of  the  poor  to  their  original  quarters  at  the 
advent  of  peace,  a  plan  was  demanded  for  the  better  manage- 
ment of  the  almshouse.  The  war  had  greatly  increased  the 
number  of  poor  and  rendered  the  tax  more  burdensome.  The 
change  was  made  in  June,  1784,  when  Hon.  James  Duane  was 
mayor  of  the  city,  and  the  institutions,  as  has  been  already  de- 
tailed, were  placed  under  the  immediate  government  of  the 
mayor  and  recorder,  who  acted  in  conjunction  with  the  ves- 
trymen, and  of  the  aldermen,  who  acted  with  the  assistant 
aldermen  or  common  councilmen.  These  latter,  by  committee, 
were  to  visit  the  establishment  quarterly,  in  February,  May, 
August,  and  November,  But  in  January,  1798,  the  Common 
Council  represented  to  the  State  Legislature  that  they  were 
overburdened,  and  unjustly  so,  by  the  support  of  pauper  immi- 
grants, who  outnumbered  legitimate  wards  of  the  city,  and  as 
a  result  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  giving  the  Common 
Council  discretionary  powers  in  regard  to  the  regulation  of 
the  almshouse.  In  pursuance  of  this  act,  on  April  19,  1798, 
five  commissioners  were  appointed,  and  called  Commissioners 
of  the  Almshouse.  Again,  in  1800,  a  change  was  made,  and 
the  Board  of  Almshouse  Commissioners  was  reduced  to  three 
members.  One  of  these  was  to  be  chairman  of  the  board  and 
to  act  at  the  same  time  as  superintendent  of  the  almshouse. 
He  was  to  receive  an  adequate  salary.  The  office  of  keeper 
of  the  almshouse,  which  had  existed  from  the  beginning,  was 
by  this  change  vacated.  On  October  29,  iSoi,  the  board  was 
constituted  as  follows  :  Richard  Furman,  superintendent,  Jacob 
Morton  and  Thomas  Eddy.  In  1808  Mr.  Furman  was  re- 
moved, for  what  reason  was  not  stated.  But  as  he  was  at  a 
later  period  reappointed,  it  would  seem  that  it  was  not  because 
of  any  dereliction  of  duty.  He  was  superseded  by  William 
Mooney.     Then  there  is  again  a  board  of  five  commissioners, 


26  An  Account  of  Bellevtie  Hospital. 

but  this  regime  was  of  short  duration:  they  resigned  in  a  body- 
after  a  lapse  of  five  months.  Mooney's  term  was  also  short- 
lived. In  September,  1809,  the  office  of  superintendent  was 
vacated,  and  the  powers  vested  in  the  commissioners  as  a 
whole.  An  investigating  committee  examined  into  the  ac- 
counts of  the  late  superintendent,  and  while  they  found  them 
correct,  yet  they  made  a  report  which  showed  that  many 
abuses  existed  in  the  management  of  the  house.  As  it  gives 
an  insight  into  the  workings  of  the  establishment  at  that  time, 
some  of  the  items  might  be  here  brought  to  light.  The  census 
taken  on  August  14,  1809,  shows  that  there  were  in  the  alms- 
house 227  men,  31 1  women,  125  boys,  and  loi  girls.  Of  these 
189  were  employees,  leaving  as  the  number  of  infirm  and 
children  575.  In  the  hospital  were  59  men,  88  women,  and 
19  children, —  total  166, —  and  in  addition  22  nurses.  The  report 
showed  that  the  general  expenses  had  been  enormously  in- 
creased during  this  short  time  and  particularly  those  in  the 
"  middle  house."  This  was  the  residence  of  the  superintendent's 
family,  which  in  this  instance  included  six  persons.  The  "middle 
house"  also  supplied  the  other  officers  of  the  establishment,  and 
a  second  table  of  seven  domestic  employees.  The  increase  in 
luxuries  was  particularly  noticeable,  and  the  outlay  for  the  dif- 
fusible stimuli  was  five  or  six  times  as  much  in  1809  as  in 
1804.  The  accounts  of  the  "middle  house"  showed  an  average 
expense  per  quarter  in  1809  of  nearly  $1250,  and  some  of  the 
expenses  of  this  house  had  been  commingled  with  the  general 
expense  account,  whereas  in  former  years  the  entire  expense 
of  the  "middle  house"  never  exceeded  $200  and  was  usually 
from  $80  to  $150  per  quarter.  The  superintendent  ascribes 
the  enormous  increase  in  the  general  expenses  to  an  extra 
amount  donated  to  the  outdoor  poor,  to  the  expense  of  pris- 
oners at  road  work  and  at  Governor's  Island,  and  to  additional 
hospital  room.  The  "middle  house"  showing  was  due,  he  said, 
to  meetings  and  dinners  to  common  councilmen,  and  com- 
mittees of  the  Board  of  Commissioners.  The  reader  must 
bear  in  mind  that  this  was  the  poorhouse.  The  commit- 
tee next  make  some  damaging  comparisons  which  may  be 


Willard  Parker,  M.  D  ,  LL.  D. 


An  Accoicnt  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  27 

thus  summarized:  During  the  term  of  the  former  incumbent 
the  increase  in  the  yearly  expenses  between  1 802-3  and 
1805-6  was  a  little  over  $1 1,000,  while  the  increase  in  the  av- 
erage number  of  paupers  was  iii.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
expenses  for  the  nine  months  ending  July,  1809,  over  the  en- 
tire year  of  1 805-6  was  $1 1,838.82,  while  the  average  number 
of  paupers  had  increased  but  thirty-four.  The  extra  increase 
in  poor  was  sent  to  Bellevue  and  a  few  to  the  bridewell,  while 
the  expenses  of  these  institutions  were  not  included  in  the 
superintendent's  statement.  The  former  superintendent,  Mr. 
Furman,  was  reinstated  on  December  11,  1809,  with  no  fur- 
ther change  of  importance  until  1826. 

What  is  known  of  the  history  of  the  medical  department  in 
the  eighteenth  century  is  easily  written.  It  is  very  meager. 
The  sick  of  the  almshouse  from  1736  to  1806  were  under  the 
care  of  a  visiting  physician  and  surgeon,  who  visited  the  hos- 
pital as  often  as  was  required. 

In  the  year  1800  a  set  of  rules  was  promulgated  for  the 
government  of  the  almshouse,  and  in  accordance  with  these, 
there  was  to  be  a  competent  person  to  act  as  physician,  sur- 
geon, accoucheur,  and  apothecary,  who  was  to  have  charge  of 
such  medicines,  apparatus,  and  instruments  as  might  be  from 
time  to  time  provided,  and  also  of  the  expenditure  and  use 
thereof  He  was  a  salaried  officer.  Under  this  rule  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Mcintosh  served  from  November,  1801,  a  period  of  five 
years.  A  resident  apothecary  was  added  to  the  list  of  officials 
in  August,  1806.  It  was  deemed  expedient  in  this  year  to 
increase  the  visiting  staff  of  physicians,  and  two  were  ap- 
pointed. This  arrangement  obtained  for  two  years,  when 
again  we  find  but  one.  The  change  was  made  by  the  com- 
missioners, because  it  was  thought  that  the  sick  had  recently 
not  had  due  care,  and  because  the  expenses  for  medicines  had 
at  the  same  time  increased  from  between  $200  and  $300  a 
year  to  between  $600  and  $700  a  year.  They  made  a  propo- 
sition to  several  respectable  physicians  to  attend  the  sick  in  the 
house  and  the  sick  children  out  at  nurse,  and  to  special  calls  to 
the  poor.     Dr.  John  Huyler  accepted  the  offer,  and  was  ap- 


28  A  71  Accou7it  of  Belleviic  Hospital. 

pointed  on  October  24,  1808,  at  an  annual  salary  of  $300,  and 
he  served  alone  for  two  years.  The  next  change  was  in  1810, 
when  again  two  physicians  were  appointed.  One  of  the  gentle- 
men, however,  served  but  two  years,  and  the  hospital  depart- 
ment was  kept  in  charge  of  one  man  from  that  time  on  until 
1817,  when  the  new  hospital  was  opened  and  a  new  order  of 
things  came  into  existence. 

The  service  by  this  time  had  increased  to  such  an  extent 
that  it  was  entirely  beyond  the  powers  of  the  medical  officers, 
either  visiting  or  resident,  to  perform  it  properly.  There  were 
in  March,  1817,  more  than  200  patients  in  hospital.  The  visit- 
ing physician,  as  a  rule,  attended  twice  a  week,  and  he  could 
not  possibly  see  each  patient  even  once  a  week.  The  house 
physician  labored  diligently  by  day  and  by  night.  The  night 
calls  were  very  frequent,  and  in  the  eighteen  months  immedi- 
ately preceding  there  had  been  about  130  cases  of  parturition. 
He  made  up  and  prepared  all  the  medicines  prescribed  by  the 
visiting  officer  and  administered  them  under  his  direction  ;  at 
least  he  was  supposed  to  be  guided  by  the  visiting,  though 
how  this  could  be  intelligently  done  with  such  a  heavy 
service  is  not  clear.  An  increase  in  the  medical  force  was 
urgently  demanded  ;  and  the  commissioners  reorganized  the 
staff  on  March  31,  1817.  Instead  of  one,  two  visiting  offi- 
cers were  appointed,  and  instead  of  one  interne,  two.  The 
former  were  to  serve  without  pay,  and  were  now  known  as 
Visiting  Physician  and  Visiting  Surgeon,  and  the  latter  as 
House  Physician  and  House  Surgeon  respectively.  They 
alternately  served  as  '*  man  midwife."  This  is  much  the  same 
plan  as  exists  to-day.  It  lasted  for  nine  years,  and  then  in 
1826  the  medical  administration  was  entirely  altered. 

Before  reviewing  the  medical  history  of  this  new  period  it 
will  be  necessary  to  revert  to  the  domestic  arrangements  of 
the  establishment.  The  number  of  paupers  supported  here 
varied  in  different  seasons  of  the  year,  but  in  round  numbers 
the  average  was  between  1600  and  2000.  Upward  of  200 
patients  both  from  the  prison  and  the  almshouse  crowded  the 
hospital.     The  medical  staff  had  supervision  over  all. 


A  71  Accoujit  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  29 

Notwithstanding  the  very  large  service  of  these  institutions, 
yet  in  September,  18 19,  when  yellow  fever  again  appeared  in 
New -York  in  an  epidemic  form,  a  new  fever  hospital  was 
placed  under  the  charge  of  the  Bellevue  physicians ;  and 
although  it  was  located  at  a  remote  distance, —  namely,  at  old 
Fort  Stevens  on  the  Long  Island  shore,  near  Hell  Gate,  at 
Hallett's  Point, —  when  the  Common  Council  asked  the  com- 
missioners to  provide  medical  care  for  this  hospital  and  the  lat- 
ter called  upon  the  Bellevue  doctors,  it  is  matter  for  pride  to 
record  that  they  responded  promptly.  Dr.  Drake  says  that  he 
endeavored  to  visit  Fort  Stevens  at  least  once  in  two  days, 
and  Dr.  Brown  claims  that  he  himself  was  there  still  oftener. 
Certainly,  considering  the  distance  and  the  urgency  of  their 
other  duties,  nothing  more  could  be  asked  of  them.  Patients 
could  not  have  had  sufficient  attention  ;  but  blame  could  not 
be  laid  upon  the  doctors.  The  work  was  more  than  four  men 
or  twice  that  number  were  capable  of  performing. 

Three  years  later,  and  we  have  still  another  addition  to  the 
establishment.  It  was  proposed  by  some  one  —  it  is  said  by 
one  to  have  been  his  honor  the  mayor,  and  by  another  to 
have  been  Dr.  Hosack  —  to  erect  a  fever  hospital  at  Bellevue. 
The  suggestion  was  soon  acted  upon  by  the  council ;  in  Octo- 
ner,  1823,  the  necessary  land  was  bought.  This  was  another 
piece  of  the  old  Rose  Hill  estate  that  lay  at  the  foot  of  Twenty- 
third  street,  and  now  belonged  to  a  Mrs.  Ann  Rodgers.  The 
price  paid  was  $2584.32.  The  edifice  was  finished  in  1825  by 
the  aid  of  a  liberal  grant  from  the  Legislature.  It  was  situated 
on  an  elevation  on  the  river-front ;  was  of  stone  and  four 
stories  in  height;  its  length  180  feet,  and  its  width  50  feet,  and 
it  had  a  "projection  of  8  feet  in  the  center."  The  first  and 
second  stories  contained  twenty-four  rooms,  including  cells 
where  the  pauper  insane  were  kept.  On  the  third  story  the 
keeper  and  assistants  lived,  and  there  were  six  other  rooms 
here  ;  while  the  fourth  was  divided  into  large  and  airy  wards 
for  fever  and  smallpox  cases  and  lodging-rooms. 

There  had  been  a  slight  change  in  the  housing  of  the  main 
or   almshouse   hospital.     The  two   brick  pavilions   had   been 


2,0  Aji  Account  of  Bcllevue  Hospital. 

v^acated  by  the  medical  department,  and  the  south  end  of  the 
workshop  building  fitted  up  instead,  and  the  pavilions  used 
for  the  children  and  their  nurses 

The  Bellevue  physicians,  with  all  their  work,  still  found  time 
to  contribute  something  of  their  experiences  to  the  medical 
press.  Drake  and  Brown  stand  out  most  prominently  among 
them  in  this  respect.  A  case  of  anthrax  occurred  in  the  hos- 
pital in  the  summer  of  1817,  and  was  treated  by  incision,  and 
three  or  four  more  cases  occurred  during  the  next  three  years. 
These  were  reported  by  Drake  in  the  "  Medical  Repository." 
Brown,  in  1821,  reported  a  new  mode  of  bandaging  fractured 
clavicles.  It  would  appear  from  this  that  Dr.  Brown  had  both 
medical  and  surgical  services  during  his  tenure  of  three  years. 
Again  in  1825  he  reports  two  cases  of  fractured  patella,  one 
of  which  was  the  result  of  an  attempted  escape  from  the  prison. 
A  case  of  dystocia  from  exostosis  of  the  os  ischium,  with  rupture 
of  uterus,  is  another  report  by  Drake.  An  account  of  a  disease 
which  prevailed  in  the  penitentiary  during  the  fall  of  1825  was 
published  by  Dr.  King,  and  remarks  on  delirium  tremens,  or 
the  "irritative  fever  of  drunkenness,"  by  Trippler.  These  will 
serve  to  show  something  of  the  range  of  cases  coming  under 
care  in  the  hospital  at  that  time.  But  what  occupied  the 
attention  of  the  medical  staff  to  the  largest  extent  was  the 
infectious  fevers. 

Yellow  fever  in  18 19  presented  its  old-time  virulence.  Out 
of  a  population  in  the  city  of  123,706  there  were  3815  cases 
reported  by  the  Board  of  Health  records.  Only  five  fatal 
cases  occurred  at  the  Fort  Stevens  pest-house,  however. 
These  are  commented  on  in  a  paper  by  Dr.  Drake,  printed  in 
the  journals  of  the  time.*  This  disease  raged  again  in  1822. 
The  Bellevue  physicians  looked  upon  the  disease  as  a  non- 
contagious one ;  as  did  also  Dr.  Douglass  of  the  old  Bellevue 
Hospital  in  1796. 

It  is  typhus  fever  of  all  the  infectious  diseases  that  has  caused 
the  most  havoc  in  Bellevue,  and  it  was  so  at  this  period.  In  the 
year  1829  Dr.  Brown,  who  was  not  then  connected  with  the  in- 
stitution (having  resigned  his  position  of  visiting  physician 

1  "  Medical  Repository,"  Vol.  VI.,  n.  s.  1820-21. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  31 

three  years  before),  published  an  essay  on  this  disease,  which 
was  awarded  a  prize.  In  it  he  summarizes  the  epidemics  that 
appeared  in  the  Bellevue  establishment.  According  to  him 
typhus  occurred  at  three  different  times  —  in  18 18  for  the  first, 
and  again  in  1825  and  1827.  The  first  was  the  most  severe 
epidemic ;  it  caused  many  deaths,  in  both  the  prison  and  the 
almshouse,  and  it  was  of  a  much  more  asthenic  type  than  the 
later  ones.  The  death-rate  he  gives  as  one  in  ten  or  one  in 
twelve.  Among  the  officers  of  these  institutions  and  their 
families,  six  contracted  the  disease,  as  the  result,  he  thinks,  of 
the  influence  of  crowded  rooms  and  excessive  work.  On  the 
other  hand,  of  about  fifty  persons  exposed  to  the  infective  in- 
fluence of  these  patients,  in  the  capacity  of  nurses,  attendants, 
or  friends,  not  one  sickened,  and  he  takes  this  as  an  argument 
against  the  contagious  character  of  the  fever.  The  fever  ceased 
spontaneously  at  the  end  of  the  year,  having  run  its  course. 

Job  Young  was  a  colored  man  in  ward  five  of  the  hospital, 
and  he  was  grievously  ill  of  typhus  on  April  20,  18 18.  He 
was  in  extremis,  and  an  order  was  given  that  he  be  put  into  a 
coffin  as  soon  as  he  had  died,  that  his  bed  might  be  used  by  the 
next  patient.  It  was  a  short  space  till  this  was  done,  and  the 
coffin  was  placed  with  four  or  five  others  in  the  hall,  prepara- 
tory to  removal.  Several  people  passing  through  the  hall  a 
half  hour  later,  were  startled  to  hear  groans  from  the  pile. 
Running  into  the  ward  a  hatchet  was  procured,  and  the  man 
was  soon  found.  He  was  alive.  He  was  placed  in  bed,  the 
doctor  called,  and  every  effort  made  to  revive  him,  but  in  vain. 
He  lived  an  hour  and  a  half  longer  and  returned  to  his  narrow 
house.  This  is  a  glimpse  in  at  the  window,  and  speaks  for 
itself  On  investigation,  it  was  proved  to  be  due  to  the  care- 
lessness or  ignorance  of  the  attendants  ;  and  it  may  be  added  — 
to  the  excessively  difficult  and  laborious  nature  of  the  service. 
It  was  ordered  that  thereafter  no  body  should  be  removed 
until  the  physicians  had   first  pronounced   the   person  dead. 

This  portion  of  the  story  tells  the  melancholy  outcome  of  the 
short-sighted  and  utterly  wrong  policy  of  attempting  to  con- 
duct a  large  hospital  with  an  entirely  inadequate  number  of 


32  An  Account  of  Bellcvue  Hospital. 

medical  oflficers.  Typhus  fever  in  all  its  terrible  malignancy 
broke  out  again  in  the  prison  in  the  early  spring  of  1825.  By 
April  both  the  visiting,  Dr.  Drake,  and  the  two  resident 
physicians  were  sick  with  the  disease.  Dr.  McCready  re- 
counts how  when  a  committee  of  physicians  at  the  request  of 
the  Common  Council  called  one  day  at  the  hospital  they  were 
received  at  the  door  by  Dr.  Belden,  who  was  even  then  in  the 
grasp  of  the  disease,  and  had  left  his  bed  to  receive  them.  The 
poor  fellow  lived  but  a  day  or  two  longer.  Belden  was  the  first 
in  the  long  list  of  our  alumni  to  give  up  his  life  in  the  discharge 
of  his  duty.^  Dr.  Drake  recovered.  This  committee  were 
asked  to  take  charge  of  the  hospital  and  prison.  Four  or  five 
weeks  elapsed  before  the  new  fever  hospital  could  be  put  into 
half-way  habitable  condition  to  receive  patients.  The  windows 
which  were  not  yet  glazed  were  boarded  up,  and  the  rooms 
left  unceiled.  The  sick  were  removed  into  it,  and  the  prison 
emptied.  All  the  prisoners  were  thoroughly  washed  and 
newly  clothed,  some  were  put  in  solitary  cells,  the  sick  placed 
in  the  hospital  and  the  remainder  discharged. 

After  this  the  epidemic  for  the  most  part  subsided,  merely 
solitary  cases  occurring  throughout  the  summer.  One  hundred 
and  sixty  cases  occurred  in  the  almshouse  and  the  city  bride- 
well and  in  various  parts  of  the  city,  and  were  received  into 
the  fever  hospital.  At  the  time  of  the  emptying  of  the 
penitentiary  the  epidemic  had  prevailed  for  four  months,  and 
during  this  period  twelve  or  fourteen  of  the  people  connected 
with  the  institution  in  various  capacities  fell  ill  of  the  disease, 
and  five  or  six  of  these  succumbed. 

This  is  the  turning-point  in  the  history  of  the  hospital.  A 
committee  of  medical  gentlemen  as  mentioned  above  were 
asked  by  the  Common  Council  to  investigate  the  condition  of 
the  Bellevue  establishment  and  report  without  delay.  This 
committee  was  composed  of  Dr.  Joseph  Bailey,  Joseph  M. 
Smith,  and  Isaac  Wood.  They  made  a  most  unfavorable 
report  on  the  state  of  affairs  prevailing.  The  committee  of 
the  council  were  told  some  plain  truths.     Wood  and  Smith 

1  No  personal  history  of  Dr.  Belden  has  been  obtainable.     Even  his  full  name  is  not 
known  :  it  does  not  appear  on  the  Common  Council  records. 


Austin  Flint,  M.  D.,  LL.  D. 


[From  a  picture  loaned  by  his  son,  Dr.  Austin  Flint. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  33 

discovered  to  them  that  they  in  reaHty  were  administering  a 
large  hospital,  whereas  they  imagined  they  were  conducting 
but  an  almshouse  and  prison  ;  that  they  might  build  great 
buildings,  but  that  their  responsibility  to  their  wards  ended  not 
there.  They  convinced  the  board  that  it  was  their  bounden 
duty  to  separate  the  two  without  delay.  The  council  acted 
promptly  on  this  advice.  The  committee  was  requested  to 
take  immediate  charge  of  the  institutions.  Drs.  Wood  and 
Smith  at  once  accepted  the  charge,  but  Dr.  Bailey  for  private 
reasons  declined.  The  changes  in  the  prison  and  hospital  that 
have  been  already  indicated  followed  this ;  the  disease  was 
stamped  out  for  a  season,  and  the  services  of  the  committee 
were  at  an  end. 

A  new  era  now  begins  in  the  hospital's  existence.  At  the 
end  of  the  year  1825,  Dr.  Drake,  having  recovered  from  his  ill- 
ness, resigned  his  position  of  visiting  physician,  and  Isaac  Wood 
was  appointed  to  succeed  him.  Upon  his  advice  many  im- 
portant changes  were  now  made  in  the  internal  arrangements. 
The  medical  staff  was  entirely  reorganized  ;  the  office  of  visit- 
ing physician  was  abolished,  and  the  reign  of  the  resident 
physician  was  now  begun.  The  dynasty  lasted  four  and 
twenty  years.  The  record  of  the  individual  rulers  is  not  a 
record  of  a  continuous  round  of  prosperity,  but  of  them  all. 
Isaac  Wood  was  the  first  and,  with  the  exception  of  Ogden, 
both  in  the  order  of  time  and  of  merit.  Wood  was  given  two 
assistant  physicians,  who  resided  with  him  in  the  house,  and 
all  were  placed  nominally  under  the  direction  of  a  consulting 
physician  and  surgeon.  The  gentleman  who  was  appointed  to 
this  latter  office  was  Dr.  Stephen  C.  Roe.  Dr.  Wood  served 
for  seven  years.  He  was  a  man  of  superior  executive  ability, 
a  thorough  and  practical  chief,  and  a  conscientious  worker. 
He  it  was  who  took  the  struggling  hospital  and  placed  it  on 
its  feet.  From  his  time  on,  it  has  been  known  as  the  Bellevue 
Hospital. 

Bellevue  Hospital  had  at  last  attained  to  her  majority,  but 
was  not  yet  come  into  her  inheritance.  The  medical  depart- 
ment was  transferred  from  its  quarters  in  the  workshop  build- 


34  ^'^  Account  of  Bellevtie  Hospital. 

ing  to  the  new  fever  hospital,  the  latter  having  been  cleansed 
and  renovated  for  its  reception;  but  twenty-two  years  were 
yet  to  elapse  before  it  should  take  possession  of  the  building 
which  it  occupies  to-day. 

Following  out  the  suggestions  of  the  Medical  Committee 
of  Investigation  of  the  previous  year,  the  Common  Council 
were  making  strenuous  efforts  to  find  a  place  to  which  the 
prison  might  be  removed;  and  in  1826  offered  to  take  from 
the  State  the  prison  at  Greenwich  and  Amos  streets,  which 
was  soon  to  be  vacated  in  contemplation  of  the  completion 
of  the  prison  at  Sing-Sing. 

While  these  negotiations  were  in  progress,  however,  and 
before  any  decision  had  been  reached,  Blackwell's  Island 
offered  itself  as  a  more  advantageous  site,  and  it  was  finally 
bought  in  1828.  There  a  new  penitentiary  was  begun,  but 
not  until  1836  was  it  ready  for  the  reception  of  inmates,  and 
they  remained  at  Bellevue  therefore  until  that  time,  when  the 
men  were  transferred,  the  women  remaining  for  still  another 
two  years,  until  the  Tombs  was  ready  to  receive  them. 

The  state  of  the  service  toward  the  close  of  Wood's  first 
year  is  faintly  seen  in  the  number  of  patients  reported  in 
November,  1826.  On  the  iith,  there  were  184  in  hospital, 
82  of  these  being  insane.  The  deaths  numbered  29,  a  mor- 
tality of  nearly  16  per  cent.  There  were  at  this  time  1366 
inmates  in  the  almshouse  and  336  prisoners.  The  number  of 
patients  had  increased  by  the  i8th  of  the  month  to  210,  and 
in  December  there  is  a  record  of  233  patients.  At  this  time 
we  find  Wood  complaining  to  the  commissioners  that  the  hospi- 
tal was  greatly  overcrowded,  particularly  the  smallpox  ward, 
male  and  female  patients  having  to  be  kept  in  the  same  room. 
It  is  remarkable  that  no  record  is  found  of  any  petition  on  Dr. 
Wood's  part  for  more  medical  assistance.  It  seems  not  to 
have  occurred  to  those  in  charge  that  a  community  of  nearly 
2000,  most  of  whom  were  in  a  more  or  less  dilapidated  condi- 
tion, and  200  of  whom  were  actually  sick,  could  hardly  be 
well  attended  by  three  men.  And  now  again,  in  1827,  in 
midwinter,  did  typhus  appear,  and  continued  for  four  months ; 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  35 

the  two  assistants  of  the  staff,  Drs.  Griswold  and  Boyd,  con- 
tracted the  fever  while  in  performance  of  their  duty  at  this 
time,  as  did  also  Dr.  Charles  S.  Trippler,  who  came  in  in  the 
emergency,  but  all  three  recovered.  Dr.  Brown  states  that 
during  each  epidemic  of  fever  the  same  rooms  were  used  and 
the  same  diet,  and  the  same  crowded  condition  obtained  in  the 
institution,  and  the  house  remained  under  the  same  discipline. 
The  nurses  in  the  hospital  were  prisoners  detailed  from  the 
prison.  We  are  told  by  Dr.  Francis  that  the  treatment  fol- 
lowed at  this  time  admitted  of  but  little  stimulation.  The 
next  few  years  brought  forth  little  of  importance.  About 
the  same  number  of  patients  were  cared  for.  The  report 
shows  that  the  corps  of  nurses  and  servants  in  the  hospital 
numbered  23,  or  about  i  to  every  10  patients.  The  worst 
plague,  however,  was  yet  to  come.  In  1832  Asiatic  cholera 
made  its  first  and  most  terrible  assault  on  New -York,  and 
Bellevue  felt  its  full  force,  over  one  sixth  of  all  the  victims 
in  the  city  coming  from  the  hospital.  There  were  about 
600  deaths  in  the  Bellevue  institution  out  of  2000  cases — or 
about  30  per  cent,  (the  total  number  of  deaths  from  cholera 
in  the  city  reported  by  the  city  physician  was  3513;  the 
census  of  1830  gave  202,589  inhabitants  to  New-York).  The 
disease  entered  by  way  of  Canada,  and  Dr.  Francis  tells  us 
that  the  resident  physician  predicted  when  it  first  appeared 
in  that  country  that  there  would  be  frightful  havoc  made  at 
Bellevue.  Forty  bodies  lay  in  the  dead-house  at  one  time  ; 
there  not  being  help  enough  to  bury  the  dead,  so  fast  they  fell. 
Dr.  Wood  many  times  was  obliged,  in  making  his  rounds,  to 
step  over  the  dead  and  dying  as  they  lay  on  the  floor  of  the 
wards ;  patients  were  attacked  so  suddenly  that  beds  were  not 
to  be  had. 

Dr.  Wood  himself  became  ill  early  in  the  epidemic,  and  thus 
left  the  immediate  care  of  the  immense  service  to  the  assistant 
physicians.  He  recovered,  but  the  after  effects  of  his  illness 
were  such  as  to  force  him  to  resign  the  office  about  the  end  of 
the  year.  Dr.  Francis  is  authority  for  the  statement  that 
Wood  was  the  first  to  remove  the  ends  of  the  bone  in  lacer- 


36  An  Account  of  Bcllcviie  Hospital. 

ated  injury  of  the  elbow-joint.  He  did  most  of  the  surgical 
work  while  connected  with  the  hospital,  Dr.  Roe,  the  con- 
sulting surgeon,  seldom  operating. 

Bellevue  now  passed  into  the  darkest  period  of  her  history. 
She  was  seized  by  one  of  the  arms  of  the  political  octopus,  and 
remained  for  fifteen  years  in  its  grasp.  The  public's  eleemosy- 
nary institution  became  the  peculiar  property  of  the  public's 
servants.  It  was  accounted  one  of  the  spoils  of  office — a 
principle  injurious  under  ordinary  conditions,  but  particularly 
malignant  when  involving  a  hospital.  It  might  be  a  question 
whether  the  term  hospital  could  be  applied  to  Bellevue  at 
this  time  of  which  little  that  is  good  can  be  recorded.  The 
inmates  suffered  more  from  this  cause  than  from  any  of  the 
deadly  epidemics  which  had  visited  them.  The  mortality  dur- 
ing all  this  period  was  at  an  average  of  twenty  per  cent., — 
that  is,  one  out  of  every  five  that  entered  never  came  out  alive. 

Following  Wood's  resignation,  the  office  of  resident  physi- 
cian became  a  political  one.  The  first  man  appointed  was 
Dr.  Stephenson,  described  by  Dr.  McCready,  in  his  address  at 
the  opening  of  the  Pathological  Building  in  1858,  as  a  man 
without  the  slightest  knowledge  of,  or  experience  in,  hospital 
management,  though  a  gentleman  of  refinement  and  of  large 
attainments.  Unprepared  as  he  was,  he,  with  his  two  young 
assistants,  was  placed  in  charge  of  one  of  the  largest  institu- 
tions of  the  kind  in  the  entire  country.  He  remained  only  a 
year  in  charge,  when  his  emoluments  and  office  must  needs  be 
conferred  upon  some  other  favorite.  But  now  we  find  a  more 
capable  officer,  Benjamin  Ogden.  He  also  remained  but  a 
year.  Under  Ogden's  management,  the  hospital  had  some- 
what recovered  its  tone,  when  it  became  once  more  the  scene 
of  conflict  with  Asiatic  cholera.  The  epidemic  raged  with  the 
same  virulence  that  characterized  it  in  1832,  and  the  resident, 
except  for  his  two  assistants,  Abram  DuBois  and  David  L. 
Eigenbrodt,  fought  it  out  single-handed  and  alone.  It  is  dis- 
tressing to  one  who  has  the  honor  of  Bellevue  at  heart  to  read 
the  details  of  this  period ;  year  after  j^ear  it  is  the  same  story 
of  ignorant  and  heedless  mismanagement  on  the  part  of  the 


Isaac  E.  Taylor,  M.  D, 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  t^j 

municipal  administration.  Most  of  the  chief  medical  officers 
were  men  who  had  had  little  experience  in  hospital  matters ; 
nor  was  experience  or  the  want  of  it  a  question  considered  in 
determining  appointments — some  of  the  men  thus  appointed 
were  able  men,  but  before  they  had  time  to  educate  themselves 
they  were  forced  to  step  down  and  out.  The  assistants  were 
young  men,  undergraduates  for  the  most  part,  who  could  pay 
a  fee  to  the  resident  for  the  privilege,  if  such  it  was,  of  being 
trained  in  a  school  like  this.  The  care  and  treatment  of  the 
patients  in  the  whole  institution  was  confided  to  them,  the 
service,  medical,  surgical,  obstetrical,  and  so  on,  being  divided 
among  them  in  a  stipulated  manner  during  the  year  of  their 
incumbency.  They  might  have  peculiar  fitness,  both  moral 
and  professional,  but  this  was  not  inquired  into.  Under  this 
system  little  good  could  accrue  to  the  hospital,  to  the  patients, 
or  to  the  staff.  Now  and  then  a  resident  of  superior  ability, 
of  Wood's  or  Ogden's  stamp,  had  place,  and  among  the  assis- 
tants many  who  made  thereafter  honorable  records,  and  some 
who,  when  danger  threatened,  hesitated  not  to  face  death  and 
die  martyrs  to  duty,  adding  glory  to  the  Bellevue  name. 

The  condition  of  the  almshouse,  penitentiary,  and  hospital 
was  horrible  enough  in  1837  ^o  shock  the  sensibilities  even  of 
the  Common  Council  and  move  them  to  investigate  it. 

The  commission  appointed  had  as  its  members  Messrs.  P. 
W.  Engs,  William  A.  Tomlinson,  Z.  Ring,  James  H.  Braine, 
and  Peter  Palmer.  Their  report  is  to  be  found  in  document 
No.  32  of  the  "  Records  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen."  It  con- 
veys a  vivid  idea  of  the  awful  state  of  things. 

First  the  almshouse  itself.  The  female  part  was  found  in 
good  order,  furnishing  a  "  silent  rebuke  to  the  contrast  "  in  the 
other  parts  of  the  building.  The  adult  males  were  in  a  filthy 
and  ragged  condition  ;  the  sick  were  in  every  part  of  the  house, 
and,  with  the  above  exception,  the  whole  department  exhibited 
"  evidence  of  neglect  of  the  public  interest  and  want  of  a 
proper  regard  to  the  subjects  of  misfortune.  Complaints  of 
poor  and  scant  provisions  and  of  unavailing  applications  for 
relief  were    numerous   and    voluntary.      Many  were    without 

3A 


38  A?i  Account  of  Belleviie  Hospital. 

shirts  and  destitute  of  sheets  and  blankets,  and  such  bedding  as 
there  was  was  not  clean.  In  the  building  assigned  to  colored 
subjects  was  an  exhibition  of  misery  and  its  concomitants 
never  witnessed  by  your  commissioners  nor  in  any  public  re- 
ceptacle for  even  the  most  abandoned  dregs  of  human  society. 
Here  were  scenes  of  neglect  and  filth  ;  of  putrefaction  and 
vermin.  Of  system  or  subordination  there  was  none.  The 
same  apparel  and  the  same  bedding  had  been  alternately 
used  by  the  sick  and  dying,  the  convalescent  and  those  in 
health,  and  that  for  a  long  period.  The  situation  in  one 
room  was  such  as  would  have  created  contagion  as  the  warm 
season  came  on,  the  air  seeming  to  carry  poison  with  every 
breath."  The  steward  of  this  house  had  been  a  hungry  vil- 
lain. The  commissioners  found  but  few  provisions  left.  No 
meal  or  flour  or  potatoes,  and  but  little  rice  ;  no  coal  and  but 
little  wood  remained.  The  carpenters  and  tinsmiths,  the  spin- 
ners and  the  weavers,  all  were  idle  because  no  materials  were 
at  hand  to  work  with.  The  farm  was  neglected  ;  there  was  no 
straw  and  but  little  hay,  no  oats  or  other  grain,  and  the 
cattle  were  lean  and  ill-favored.  All  swine  and  poultry  were 
claimed  by  the  officers  as  their  private  property.  Nothing 
could  equal  in  candor  and  impudence  the  reply  of  the  super- 
intendent when  asked  for  an  inventory.  "  It  is  useless  to  make, 
one,"  he  said,  "for  there  is  nothing  to  inventory." 

But  what  of  the  hospital  ?  There  would  surely  be  a  better 
state  of  affairs  there.  There  were  265  patients  in  the  wards, 
over  one  half  of  whom  were  insane.  The  commissioners 
remark  at  the  outset  that  they  "will  not  enter  into  all  the 
details  of  disgusting  particulars  witnessed  in  the  hospital." 
"  The  condition  of  Bellevue  Hospital  was  such  as  to  excite  feel- 
ings of  the  most  poignant  sympathy  for  its  neglected  inmates." 
The  building  from  cellar  to  garret  abounded  in  filth ;  the  lack 
of  proper  ventilation  deprived  the  wretched  inmates  of  even 
the  free  gift  of  fresh  air.  Wards  had  not  been  whitewashed 
for  two  years,  and  the  hospital  generally  was  in  a  condition 
manifesting  great  neglect  and  indifference  toward  its  inmates. 
The  clothing  of  the  patients  and  their  bedding  were  utterly 


A71  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  39 

unsuitable.  The  seriously  ill  were  without  "  garments  used 
next  the  skin"  and  "females  in  a  high  state  of  fever  were 
found  with  nothing  but  a  blanket  to  cover  them."  To  add  to 
all  this  distress  the  former  resident  and  his  students,  with  the 
exception  of  two  (Messrs.  Stamatoides  and  Casey  were  the 
faithful  ones),  together  with  the  matron  "  had  left  the  house  and 
with  them  the  nurses."  Jail  fever  was  rife,  having  appeared 
again  among  the  prisoners,  and  some  cases  had  occurred  in  the 
almshouse.  Besides,  many  cases  of  the  disease  had  been  ad- 
mitted to  the  hospital  and  filled  it  to  overflowing.  The  estab- 
lishment in  the  year  1836  cost  the  city  $205,000,  whereas  in 
1825  it  had  cost  $82,000.  What  was  done  by  way  of  remedy  ? 
Benjamin  Ogden  was  asked  to  return,  and  he  did  so.  He  came, 
and  his  two  former  assistants  volunteered  to  return  with  him. 
Ogden,  DuBois,  and  Eigenbrodt  returned,  and  "  by  their  gratu- 
itous service,  for  which  the  city  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude  (more 
especially  as  Dr.  DuBois  had  been  before  a  subject  of  the  pre- 
vailing fever  and  barely  escaped  death),  gave  important  and 
indispensable  aid,  which  was  seconded  in  a  manner  deserving 
the  highest  commendation  by  the  students  Messrs.  Stama- 
toides, Casey,  and  Thompson."  Dr.  Ogden  took  charge  on 
Friday,  May  12,  1837,  ^"<^  i^  his  report,  to  be  found  in  the 
same  document,  gives  his  side  of  the  story.  He  tells  how  the 
night  before  his  arrival  eight  nurses  and  servants  had  escaped 
from  the  grounds,  leaving  the  sick  to  provide  for  themselves  as 
best  they  might,  and  then  continues  :  "  The  whole  concern  was 
filled  with  typhus  from  top  to  bottom.  They  (the  patients) 
were  lying  in  their  filthy  blankets,  destitute  of  sheets  and  pil- 
low-cases, and  in  some  chronic  cases  they  had  not  had  a  change 
for  three  months.  Requisition  had  been  made  by  my  pre- 
decessor again  and  again,  but  no  notice  had  been  taken  of  it." 
"  No  clothing  for  the  patients  —  not  a  change  was  to  be  found, 
and  there  had  not  been  any  Indian  meal  for  poultices  for  three 
weeks,  and  no  rags  to  dress  the  wounds."  And  this  was  Belle- 
vue Hospital ! 

Ogden  remained  in  charge  for  four  months,  and  in  that  time 
restored  the  hospital  to  the  excellent  condition  in  which  he  had 


40  A  71  Accou7it  of  Bclleznie  Hospital. 

left  it  in  1835.  The  commissioners  made  several  suggestions 
in  this  report  in  the  way  of  improving  the  estabUshment,  among 
others  recommending  that  the  term  of  office  of  the  resident  be 
lengthened  to  more  than  a  year.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that 
they  suggested  also  that  measures  be  taken  to  provide  an  am- 
phitheater where  clinical  lectures  might  be  given.  This  latter 
suggestion,  however,  was  not  acted  upon  at  this  time. 

The  time  was  now  come  when  the  hospital  should  be  rid 
of  its  encumbrances  —  the  various  institutions  which  helped  to 
make  up  the  establishment.  The  first  to  be  taken  in  this  lop- 
ping-off  process  were  the  male  prisoners,  who  went  to  the  new 
penitentiary  on  Blackwell's  Island  in  1836.  They  were  fol- 
lowed in  1837  by  the  smallpox  patients,  who  were  taken  to  a 
small  wooden  building  which,  at  Dr.  Ogden's  suggestion  had 
been  erected  on  the  end  of  the  island,  and  the  building  thus 
vacated  on  the  Bellevue  grounds  was  used  as  a  typhus 
pavilion.  The  following  year  the  female  prisoners  were  sent 
to  the  Tombs,  as  has  been  already  mentioned,  and  on  June  10, 
1839,  the  lunatics  were  removed.  They  went  to  the  new 
asylum  on  Blackwell's  Island.  The  plans  for  these  buildings 
had  been  revised  by  Dr.  Ogden  and  by  Dr.  James  Macdonald 
of  the  Bloomingdale  Asylum.  The  only  thing  left  now  was 
the  almshouse;  but  it  was  not  till  1848  that  Bellevue  got  rid 
of  this  attachment. 

The  medical  supervision  of  these  institutions,  however,  re- 
mained invested  in  the  Bellevue  staff,  and  her  resident  phy- 
sician was  supposed  to  direct  the  whole. 

The  city  paid  to  the  Blackwell  family  in  1828  the  sum  of 
$32,000  for  their  island.  It  had  been  in  their  possession  about 
one  hundred  and  thirty  years.  The  Indians  had  called  it 
"  Minnahanonck."  By  them  it  was  conveyed  to  the  Dutch 
governor,  Wouter  Van  Twillcr,  in  the  year  1637,  ^"^1  it  then 
became  known  by  the  appellation  of  Varken  or  Hog  Island. 
It  was  granted  in  165  i  to  a  Captain  Francis  Fyn,  and  by  him 
held  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war  with  the  English  in  1666, 
when  it  was  confiscated.  Two  years  later,  Captain  Manning,  a 
notable  character  of  the  time,  became  possessed  of  it  by  a  grant. 


Frank  H.  Hamilton,  iM.  D.,  LL.  D. 


An  Accou7it  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  41 

Again  was  its  name  changed,  this  time  to  Manning's  Island. 
After  his  death,  which  occurred  some  time  subsequently  to 
1686,  it  went  to  his  stepdaughter,  Mary  Manningham,  who 
married  a  Mr.  Robert  Blackwell,  and  it  has  ever  since  been 
known  by  its  present  name. 

The  island  is  about  1 20  acres  in  area.  The  title,  however, 
was  not  clear  when  it  was  bought  by  the  city,  as  was  proved 
in  1843,  when  it  was  necessary  in  order  to  settle  the  dispute 
to  pay  an  additional  $20,000  for  it.  When  the  corner-stone 
of  the  Island  (later  Charity)  Hospital  was  laid,  Mr.  Wash- 
ington Smith,  President  of  the  Board  of  Governors,  alluded  to 
Blackwell's  Island  as  "New- York's  Garden  of  Charity." 

There  were  at  this  time  (1843)  ten  officials  under  pay  con- 
nected with  the  establishment,  and  the  pay-roll  footed  up 
$5500  a  year.  This  is  inclusive  of  the  pay  of  the  resident 
physician,  which  was  $1500  a  year,  his  being  the  largest 
salary.  The  superintendent  received  $1000,  the  chaplain 
$600,  the  nurse  $100,  and  the  assistant  physicians,  nothing. 
The  following  table  is  made  up  from  figures  obtained  from  the 
report  of  the  resident,  dated  May  S,  1843.  He  states  that 
"there  has  been  no  prevailing  illness  during  the  past  year. 
The  appearance  of  puerperal  fever  caused  a  few  deaths  and 
created  some  alarm,"  but  by  the  prompt  change  of  wards  and 
the  use  of  disinfection  he  succeeded  in  controlling  the  disease. 
From  July,  1842,  to  April,  1843,  there  were  2290  patients 
treated;  of  these  1584  were  discharged,  364  had  died,  and  342 
remained  in  the  hospital.  The  following  is  from  the  table 
showing  the  causes  of  death : 

Delirium  tremens   39  cases,  10  deaths,  or  25.6% 

Erysipelas 29     "         5  "         or  17.2%" 

Typhoid  fever 104     "       23  "         or22. 1% 

Puerperal  fever 11 1"         9  "         or  81.8% 

Phthisis 217      "     161  "         or  74. 1% 

Pneumonia 26      "         5  "         or  19.2% 

There  is  little  to  recount  during  these  years  except  of  the 
typhus  fever,  which  was  continuously  present  to  a  greater  or 

1  This  is  out  of  a  total  of  109  deliveries. 


42  Aji  Account  of  Bcllcvue  Hospital. 

less  degree.  Yet  it  was  quite  evident  that  it  was  not  all 
typhus  that  was  called  typhus,  and  that  this  confusion  was 
in  part  responsible  for  many  of  the  deaths  that  occurred  is  also 
quite  certain.  The  service  under  the  care  of  the  Bellevue 
staff  had  grown  in  1846  to  enormous  proportions.  The  re- 
port for  that  year  covers  a  total  of  14,124  cases,  and  these 
were  scattered  over  a  wide  area,  being  distributed  at  Bellevue 
(over  500  patients)  and  on  the  island,  in  the  lunatic  asylum, 
nursery,  penitentiary,  and  smallpox  hospitals.  The  cost  of 
maintaining  the  hospital  alone  in  this  year  was  $31,442.53. 
The  lunatic  asylum  and  nursery  had  each  a  resident  phy- 
sician who  was  under  the  direction  himself  of  the  Bellevue 
resident.  The  latter  was  allowed,  under  the  approval  of 
the  mayor,  commissioners,  and  city  recorder,  six  assistants; 
they  were  appointed  as  formerly  for  one  year,  and  served 
for  two  months  in  each  department, —  viz.,  first,  phthisis  and 
chronic  cases;  second,  ulcers;  third,  lying-in;  fourth,  peni- 
tentiary and  smallpox ;  fifth,  acute  diseases ;  sixth,  surgical 
cases.  The  Board,  of  Commissioners  of  the  almshouse  had 
some  time  previously  been  reduced  to  one  member,  and  Mr. 
Moses  G.  Leonard  was  the  present  incumbent.  The  resident, 
Hasbrouck,  says  that  in  1845-46  there  was  no  epidemic  of 
disease,  but  there  was  a  large  number  of  ship-fever  cases.  The 
proportion  of  recoveries,  however,  was  quite  large.  He  com- 
plains that  fully  two  fifths  of  all  cases  sent  to  the  hospital  are 
pronounced  incurable  before  they  are  sent,  and  are  received  in 
a  dying  state.  This  has  always  been  an  element  to  be  taken 
into  account  in  estimating  the  ratio  of  deaths  in  Bellevue. 
One  of  the  assistants  at  this  time  has  written  that  the  type  of 
typhus  fever  varied  each  year,  the  treatment  that  proved  suc- 
cessful in  one  season  not  being  as  beneficial  the  next.  The 
post-mortem  generall)'  showed  inflammation  of  the  intestines, 
and  occasionally  perforation  of  the  glands.  Brandy  and  milk 
and  plenty  of  ice  proved  very  beneficial  in  the  majority  of 
cases,  and  he  adds,  "but  probably  the  fresh  air  was  the  princi- 
pal factor."     This  was  after  tents  had  been  erected. 

Another  fearful  epidemic  of  typhus  raged  in  1847,  ^^^  c^''* 


An  Accoimt  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  43 

ried  off  in  that  year  and  in  the  succeeding  summer  many  of 
the  young  assistants.  It  is  called  by  all  who  mention  it 
the  "great  epidemic."  It  began  in  January,  1847,  just  prior 
to  the  service  of  Dr.  Reese  as  resident,  and  most  of  our  infor- 
mation concerning  it  is  derived  from  two  papers  on  the  subject, 
one  written  by  Reese  himself  and  the  other  by  Lyman  H. 
Stone,  one  of  his  assistants.  Reese  puts  himself  on  record  as 
believing  that  it  was  not  a  specific  fever.  "There  was,"  he 
says,  "absence  of  intestinal  ulceration  in  most  cases,"  while 
Stone  considers  typhus  and  typhoid  to  be  one  and  the  same 
disease,  and  adds  that  when  the  eruption  was  general  there 
were  no  lesions  found  in  fatal  cases.  He  analyzes  one  hundred 
cases  as  to  diarrhea,  etc.,  and  records  sixty-four  cases  in  which 
diarrhea  was  a  symptom,  being  rarely  troublesome,  however. 
Ileocaecal  gurgling  appeared  in  almost  every  one  of  these 
one  hundred  cases.  It  is  very  apparent,  therefore,  that  they 
were  dealing  with  two  distinct  diseases.  This  fact,  and  the  fur- 
ther one  that  it  is  absolutely  impossible  to  tell,  as  is  admitted 
by  Stone, ^  the  actual  number  of  cases  treated  because  of  the 
utterly  unreliable  records  which  were  kept,  vitiate  to  a  very 
great  degree  the  value  that  would  otherwise  attach  to  these 
papers.  However,  Reese,  from  the  best  data  to  be  found, 
estimates  that  there  were,  from  January  i  to  May  25,  when 
he  took  charge,  769  cases,  many  coming  direct  from  shipboard. 
Of  these  154  died  (20%)  and  309,  who  were  mostly  moribund, 
remained.  From  that  time  to  June  2,  they  were  admitted  at 
the  rate  of  sixty  to  eighty  a  day,  and  notwithstanding  deaths 
and  discharges,  there  were  by  actual  count  over  600  cases  of 
ship- fever  in  a  total  census  of  1 147.  The  almshouse  close  by 
had  a  population  of  1500,  and  within  forty-eight  hours  seven- 
teen cases  developed  and  rapidly  proved  fatal.  The  next 
period  of  ten  weeks  showed  an  aggregate  of  1226  fever  cases 
admitted,  and  from  January  i  to  August  3  the  whole  number, 
according  to  Reese,  was  1995  cases  with  347  deaths  —  a  little 
over  1 7%.  Eighty  tents  were  pitched  on  the  "adjacent  green," 
and  the  cases  treated  in  these  tents  did  well.      But  it  is  un- 

1  It  was  found  on  one  occasion  there  were  190  cases  less  than  was  indicated  by  the 
books. —  "  New- York  Journal  of  Medicine,"  Vol.  X.,  p.  168. 


44  -^^  Account  of  Bcllevue  Hospital. 

necessary  to  continue;  sufficient  has  been  told  to  indicate  the 
nature  and  the  severity  of  the  epidemic.  The  second  name 
to  add  to  the  list  of  the  dead  is  that  of  John  James  Lawrence, 
a  student  of  medicine,  who  died  of  typhus  in  1846,  and  the 
third  is  that  of  Porter,'  who  died  early  in  1847,  and  the  fourth 
Van  Buren/  After  that  eight  of  the  young  men  took  the 
disease,  but  all  recovered.  It  was  not  long,  however,  before 
they  fell  fast:  Beals,  Blakeman,  Cahoon,  Green,  Hedges,  Selig- 
man,  and  Worth  were  all  sacrificed  in  1848.'- 

In  the  season  of  1847  L)!"-  F-  Campbell  Stewart,  who  was 
soon  to  be  one  of  the  new  board  of  visiting  physicians  and 
surgeons  to  the  hospital,  and  Dr.  A.  S.  Stout,  volunteered  to 
live  in  the  hospital  and  give  what  assistance  they  could,  and 
their  lives  if  necessary,  in  aid  of  the  almost  overwhelmed  staff. 
They  remained  for  a  period  of  five  months  until  the  fever  was 
controlled.  The  staff  also  received  help  from  some  physicians 
who  paid  visits  from  the  city,  among  them  some  who  were  sub- 
sequently members  of  the  Bellevue  Board. 

At  last  there  is  a  glimmer  of  light.  For  the  honor  of  the 
medical  profession  it  had  become  imperative  that  the  stigma 
upon  the  institution  and  the  city  should  be  removed.  Here  ap- 
pears for  the  first  time  the  man  whose  after  history  was  to  be  so 
intimately  connected  with  the  hospital,  and  who  was  to  extend 
her  name  and  fame  as  far  as  his  own  were  known.  James  R. 
Wood  was  then  in  his  thirty-fifth  year.  He  was  much  of  a 
politician  in  those  days.  Among  those  in  authority  there 
were  none  but  knew  and  respected  "Jimmy"  Wood.  He  was 
much  of  a  politician,  but  he  was  more  of  a  physician,  and  he, 
perhaps  more  than  any  other,  was  the  force  that  constrained 
the  Board  of  Aldermen  to  give  the  poor  creatures  at  Bellevue 
some  of  their  distinguished  consideration.  Beside  the  efforts 
put  forth  by  Wood,  there  had  appeared  letters  in  the  "  Even- 
ing Post,"  in  1845,  forcibly  presenting  the  dreadful  condition 
of  the  establishment  and  earnestly  urging  that  something  be 
done  to  correct  the  evils.'' 

1  See  List  of  Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

2  During  this  recurrence  the  ratio  of  deaths  to  cases  was  over  27';. 

"  These  letters  are  signed  "  G,"  and  were  written,  we  believe,  by  Dr.  J.  H.  Griscom, 
at  one  time  head  of  the  Health  Department. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  45 

The  outcome  of  this  agitation  was  that  the  Common  Coun- 
cil appointed  a  committee  of  prominent  medical  gentlemen  to 
report  on  the  almshouse  department  and  to  present  a  plan  for 
its  reorganization  :  Drs.  John  W.  Francis,  James  R.  Wood, 
Joseph  M.  Smith,  Valentine  Mott,  James  R.  Manley,  F.  Camp- 
bell Stewart,  Willard  Parker,  Stephen  R.  Harris,  Gunning  S. 
Bedford,  and  Benjamin  Drake  were  the  members  of  this  com- 
mittee. They  reported  a  plan  which  was  finally  adopted.  A 
board  of  visiting  physicians  and  surgeons  was  created  and 
placed  in  authority  over  the  resident  physician.  This  was  the 
beginning  of  the  end  of  the  rule  of  the  resident  physicians. 


III. 
1847- 1869. 

The  old  things  were  now  passing  away.  The  new  board 
met  and  organized  on  November  17,  1847,  ^t  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital—  the  members  were  the  following: 

James  R.  Manley  and  John  W.  Francis,  consulting  physi- 
cians ;  Valentine  Mott  and  Alexander  H.  Stevens,  consulting 
surgeons ;  Alonzo  Clark,  John  T.  Metcalfe,  C.  R.  Oilman, 
S.  R.  Harris,  A.  G.  Elliot  and  William  H.  Van  Buren,^  vis- 
iting physicians,  and  James  R.  Wood,  Willard  Parker,  F. 
Campbell  Stewart,  J.  O.  Stone,  S.  R.  Childs,  and  Alexander 
Vache,  visiting  surgeons ;  Dr.  James  R.  Manley  was  chosen 
president.  Dr.  Valentine  Mott,  vice-president,  and  Dr.  John 
T.  Metcalfe,  secretary.  They  formulated  a  code  of  rules.  The 
resident  physician  was  admitted  to  all  councils  of  the  board, 
and  according  to  the  rules  he  was,  when  present,  either  at 
such  meetings  or  at  the  bedside,  treated  as  being  equal  in 
rank  with  any  one  of  them.  The  service  was  divided  into 
medical  and   surgical  divisions,  and  the  lying-in  department 

1  Dr.  Van  Buren  served  as  visiting  physician  for  seven  months,  or  until  the  resigna- 
tion of  Dr.  Stewart  in  June,  1848,  when  he  was  appointed  as  visiting  surgeon,  the  new 
appointee.  Dr.  Foster,  being  appointed  his  successor. 


46 


An  Account  of  Bellcvnc  Hospital. 


attached  to  the  former.  One  physician,  Dr.  Metcalfe,  and  one 
surgeon,  Dr.  Parker,  were  assigned  to  duty  at  once.  At  the  next 
meeting  Dr.  Metcalfe  reported  that  there  were  about  four  hun- 
dred patients  under  his  care ;  almost  all  of  the  acute  cases 
were  fever  patients,  and  phthisis  and  rheumatism  made  up 
the  majority  of  the  chronic.      He  reported  that  the  resident 


Bclle\uc   Ilu.-.i.jiial  iu   1848. 

physician  and  assistants  had  shown  him  every  attention  and 
rendered  all  aid,  and  that  the  service  was  in  as  good  a  con- 
dition as  under  the  circumstances  could  be  expected.  Dr. 
Parker  made  a  like  report  for  the  one  hundred  and  fifty 
patients  under  his  care.  They  both  remarked  on  the  rather 
dilapidated  condition  of  the  house ;  but  as  the  change  of 
quarters  was  to  be  made  in  the  immediate  future,  no  repairs 
were  considered  to  be  urgently  necessary.  This  change  was 
soon  accomplished,  for  in  1848  the  almshouse,  with  all  that 
appertained  thereto,  was  removed  to  the  island,  and  the  hos- 
pital was  transferred  in  due  course  to  the  building  vacated  by 
the  paupers,  which  is  the  one  it  occupies  to-day. 

Passing  now  to  the  spring  of  the  year  1849,  ^^  ^ct  was 
passed  by  the  State  Legislature  abolishing  the  office  of  com- 
missioner of  the  almshouse,  and  in  place  thereof  establishing  a 
board  of  ten  governors  to  be  called  the  Governors  of  the  Alms- 


An  Acco2uit  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  47, 

house  Department  of  the  City  of  New- York.  The  members  of 
the  board  were  chosen  at  the  general  election.  The  first  Board 
of  Governors  was  organized  in  pursuance  of  the  provisions  of 
this  act  on  the  8th  May,  1849.  One  of  these  gentlemen  de- 
clined the  position,  and  two  others  resigned  soon  after  the 
organization,  so  that  the  first  board,  when  these  vacancies 
were  filled,  was  constituted  as  follows:  William  T.  Pinkney, 
Isaac  Townsend,  Simeon  Draper,  Francis  R.  Tillou,  Jonathan 
I.  Coddington,  William  M.  Evarts,  Richard  S.  Williams,  Timo- 
thy Daly,  Schureman  Halsted,  and  Peter  M.  Laughlin.  The 
first  two  were  chosen  for  one  year,  the  second  two  for  two 
years,  the  third  for  three  years,  and  so  on.  Simeon  Draper 
was  elected  president,  and  Francis  R.  Tillou,  secretary.  The 
public  felt  assured  by  placing  such  men  in  power  that  they 
had  now  done  away  with  the  wicked  abuses  and  the  shame- 
ful and  corrupt  mismanagement  of  this  department,  charitable 
only  in  name  for  so  long.  The  board  went  earnestly  to  work. 
Their  earliest  attention  was  given  to  Bellevue  Hospital.  They 
found  here  a  newly  organized  board  of  wise,  capable,  and  ear- 
nest medical  officers,  working,  however,  upon  a  plan  ill  adapted 
to  the  situation.  They  carefully  examined  into  the  principles 
of  management  of  similar  institutions,  both  in  this  country 
and  abroad,  and  took  counsel  of  eminent  medical  men  in  the 
city  as  well  as  of  the  members  of  the  Medical  Board  them- 
selves, and  after  thus  inquiring  into  the  reasons  for  and  against, 
they  determined  upon  a  radical  change  in  the  medical  man- 
agement. At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Medical  Board  held  on 
May  25,  1849,  this  body  was  formally  requested  by  the  Board 
of  Governors  to  reply  to  the  following  questions:  First,  Is  a 
resident  physician  necessary  for  the  proper  conduct  of  Belle- 
vue Hospital?  Upon  this  question  the  vote  was  nine  to  two 
that  said  officer  was  not  necessary,  the  minority  votes  be- 
ing cast  by  Drs.  Gilman  and  Greene.  Second,  Is  the  board 
willing  to  take  charge  of  the  medical  department,  be  responsi- 
ble for  the  proper  and  faithful  discharge  of  all  the  duties  now 
performed  by  the  resident  physician,  the  Board  of  Governors 
making  the  provision  now  made  for  a  suitable  number  of  com- 


48  An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

petent  medical  assistants?  To  this  question  the  answer  was 
unanimously  in  the  affirmative.  The  change  was  consequently 
made  in  a  few  months,  and  went  into  efifect.  The  entire  hos- 
pital was  placed  under  the  supervision  of  a  non-professional 
warden  on  October  i.  Dr.  Reese  did  not  relinquish  his  office 
in  a  spirit  of  meekness.  He  retired  from  the  meeting  referred 
to  with  fire  in  his  eye.  When  the  board  again  met  to  transact 
the  ordinary  routine,  the  usual  reports  from  the  resident  phy- 
sician and  his  assistants  were  not  forthcoming.  A  committee 
thereupon  waited  on  Dr.  Reese,  and  demanded  them  of  him, 
but  in  vain.  They  were  informed  by  that  gentleman  that  there 
could  be  no  further  intercourse  between  them.  A  communi- 
cation was  presented  from  the  doctor  addressed  "To  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  late  Medical  Board,"  in  which  the  gentlemen 
comprising  that  defunct  body  were  forbidden  the  wards,  etc., 
etc.  The  upshot  of  it  all  was  that  the  Board  of  Governors  had 
its  way.  New  rules  and  regulations  were  adopted  and  the 
house  staff  reorganized  on  much  the  same  plan  as  to-day,  in 
December,  1849.  An  examination  was  held  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  members  of  the  new  house  staff,  and  the  following 
were  the  successful  candidates,  all  of  them  having  been  assis- 
tants under  the  old  regime:  Henry  D.  Jenkins,  Richard  V.  W. 
Fairchild,  and  William  B.  Bibbins,  house  physicians,  and 
Jonas  P.  Loines  and  Starling  Loving,  house  surgeons.  There 
were  also  appointed  at  the  following  meeting,  after  due  exami- 
nation as  to  their  professional  and  moral  fitness,  two  senior  as- 
sistants—  namely,  George  L.  Andrew  and  Desault  Guernsey  — 
and  also  five  junior  assistants, —  to  wit,  Charles  Page,  Isaac 
J.  Senior,  Edward  Mullikon,  William  H.  Cunningham,  and 
Arthur  A.  Jackson. 

To  return  for  a  moment  to  Dr.  Reese :  he  was  not  a  man 
to  be  passed  thus  lightly  by.  He  was  a  man  of  culture,  of 
many  attainments,  and  an  indefatigable  worker,  but  so  consti- 
tuted that  he  could  not  look  mildly  on  and  see  himself  dis- 
placed from  authority,  and  that  through  no  fault  of  his  own, 
for  he  was  a  capable  officer  and  had  held  positions  of  respon- 
sibility before  and  filled  them  efficiently.      He  had  been  one 


\-''    ^^ 


Benjamin  W".  McCready,  M.  D. 


A71  Account  of  Belleviie  Hospital. 


49 


View  from  the  Southwest  about  1 845. 


of  the  best  of  the  resident  physicians.  The  hospital  had  won- 
derfully improved  during  his  term.  The  Medical  Board  had 
also  been  in  power,  to  be  sure,  but  Reese  was  a  great  part  of 
the  time  the  responsible  head.  He  was,  unfortunately,  in  a 
peculiar  position.  Able  himself,  he  was  the  last  of  a  system 
which,  as  a  whole,  had 
been  found  wanting. 

Dr.  Reese,  after  leav- 
ing Bellevue,  filled  many 
honorable  posts,  and 
practised  for  many  years 
in  this  city.^ 

The  Medical  Board 
made  its  first  annual  re- 
port for  the  year  ending 
December,  1 849,  and  it  is 
embodied  in  the  first  an- 
nual report  of  the  governors  of  the  almshouse  for  that  year. 
A  conception  of  the  great  change  that  had  been  effected  in  the 
affairs  of  the  hospital  cannot  be  better  conveyed  than  by  quot- 
ing from  this  document.  After  expressing  their  gratitude  to 
the  Board  of  Governors  for  the  liberal  manner  in  which  the  hos- 
pital had  been  conducted  and  the  consideration  with  which  they 
themselves  had  been  treated  as  a  Medical  Board,  they  close  as 
follows:  "This  Board  looks  forward  with  confident  expecta- 
tion to  a  continuation  of  this  liberal  system  by  which  the 
necessities  of  the  sick  poor  are  promptly  and  effectually  sup- 
plied, the  public  interests  strictly  cared  for,  and  the  cause  of 
true  science  and  sound  medical  learning  steadily  promoted. 
Under  such  auspices  the  Medical  Board  do  not  hesitate  to 
predict  for  the  Bellevue  Hospital  a  future  which  shall  reflect 
honor  upon  all  who  have  participated  in  its  reorganization  and 
management,"  .  .  .  and  they  "  trust  that  another  year's  expe- 
rience of  the  system  now  in  operation  will  convince  the  most 
skeptical  of  its  advantages  over  any  heretofore  existing."  The 
extent  and  character  of  the  service  may  be  thus  presented  for 
the  year  :  The  total  number  of  cases  under  treatment  was  37 1 1 ; 

1  For  fuller  details,  see  List  of  Resident  Physicians. 


50  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

of  these  483  had  died  —  a  rate  of  mortahty  of  about  thirteen  per 
cent. ;  very  nearly  thirty-six  per  cent,  of  all  the  deaths  was 
caused  by  phthisis.  More  care  was  exercised  during  this  year 
in  restricting  the  admissions  to  proper  subjects,  it  is  recorded, 
but  where  the  line  was  drawn  is  not  plain,  for  Asiatic  cholera 
appeared,  and  some  cases  were  admitted  from  without;  in  all, 
twenty-five  cases  were  treated,  with  a  death-record  of  seven- 
teen.    The  births  for  the  year  numbered  208. 

Had  we  visited  Bellevue  then,  we  would  have  noticed  a  most 
marked  change  in  the  place.  Entering  the  grounds  at  Sec- 
ond Avenue,  we  would  have  seen  before  us  a  broad  plot  of 
about  seventeen  acres,  a  large  part  cultivated  as  a  vegetable 
garden,  and  we  would  drive  along  a  road  lined  by  trees  and 
grass,  a  remnant  of  which  still  exists,  down  past  the  old 
workhouse  and  penitentiary  building  and  the  old  treadmill, 
past  the  barns  and  stable  to  the  almshouse,  on  down  to  the 
right  past  the  superintendent's  house  to  the  hospital  build- 
ings on  the  river-front.  But  all  this  was  changed  in  1845. 
The  "city  stepfathers,"  as  Dr.  Francis  has  wittily  dubbed 
the  gang  that  went  popularly  under  the  name  of  the  "Forty 
Thieves,"  looked  with  envious  eyes  on  the  almshouse  prop- 
erty, and  Bellevue  received  closer  scrutiny  than  she  had  for 
thirty  years  before.  All  that  portion  of  ground  from  Second 
Avenue  to  First,  and  from  Twenty-eighth  street  to  Twenty- 
sixth  street,  and  that  plot  bordering  the  river  from  Twenty- 
sixth  to  Twenty-third, — in  all,  about  twelve  acres, —  was  cut 
up  into  building  lots  and  sold,  or  rather  bought  in,  at  auction 
on  April  i,  1845.  This  was  a  lasting  disgrace  to  the  cit}'  and 
the  Bellevue  authorities.  It  was  done  in  the  face  of  several 
offers  made  by  the  existing  medical  schools  at  the  time  to  pur- 
chase portions  of  this  plot  and  erect  schools  of  learning  thereon. 
Bellevue  was  now  restricted  to  the  confines  of  the  present  hos- 
pital grounds.  The  building  which  the  hospital  occupies  to- 
day (1893)  was  in  sad  need  of  repair  when  the  hospital  entered 
it  in  1848.  The  roof  of  shingle  was  rotten  and  leaky  so  that 
in  rainy  seasons  the  water  came  through.  The  floors  were 
rotten  and  the  ceilings  were  continually  falling  in  places,  en- 


An  Account  of  Belleviie  Hospital.  51 

dangering  the  lives  of  the  inmates,  and  several  times  in  1849 
it  had  taken  fire.  Windows  needed  glazing  and  the  doors 
hanging,  and  it  was  therefore  a  difficult  matter  to  control  the 
temperature  of  the  wards.  The  fence  on  First  Avenue  was  so 
low  (being  only  five  feet  above  the  street)  that  public  prop- 
erty was  continually  passed  out  and  liquor  clandestinely 
passed  in.  A  part  of  the  grounds  was  still  cultivated  by  the 
inmates  and  enough  garden  truck,  with  the  exception  of  po- 
tatoes, raised  to  supply  the  whole  establishment.  In  1850  a 
two-story  building  was  erected  on  the  grounds,  fifty  feet  long 
by  twenty-eight  feet  wide,  which  was  designed  as  a  kitchen 
of  the  most  approved  type,  and  the  second  story  of  which  it 
was  intended  to  use  when  occasion  required  as  an  isolation 
ward  for  puerperal  fever  cases.  Formerly,  when  these  cases 
occurred  they  had  been  transferred  to  a  house  outside  hired 
for  the  purpose. 

The  most  important  result  growing  out  of  the  transfer  of 
the  hospital  to  the  new  medical  administration  is  yet  to  be 
considered.  For  many  years  the  best  medical  men  in  the 
city  had  looked  with  much  concern  upon  the  great  loss  to 
teachers  and  to  students  alike,  from  not  using  facilities  for 
clinical  instruction  which  might  be  availed  of  at  Bellevue. 
Again  and  again  in  the  medical,  and  even  in  the  secular  press, 
was  the  question  agitated,  and  deep  regret  expressed  at  the 
opportunities  thus  wasted.  To  show  the  feeling  on  this  sub- 
ject, the  Griscom  letters  in  the  "Evening  Post"  above  men- 
tioned may  be  referred  to,  in  which  the  statement  is  made 
that  repeated  offers  had  been  made  to  bring  Bellevue's  treas- 
ures to  light  "without  cost  to  the  owners,"  but  had  been  re- 
jected, and  also  an  article  in  the  "New- York  Journal  of 
Medicine,"  from  which  latter  the  following  is  quoted  :  "Belle- 
vue Hospital,  with  its  one  thousand  patients,^  must  be  made 
accessible  to  students  of  medicine,  and  that  too  without  delay. 
It  is  a  crying  shame  that  such  a  wide  field  for  clinical  instruc- 
tion should  be  actually  lost  to  the  city,  to  science,  and  to  the 
world,  merely  to  subserve  paltry  party  political  purposes;  to 

1  Including  almshouse,  etc. 


52  .4^1  Account  of  BcUcviic  Hospital. 

give  to  some  favorite  a  monopoly  of  private  teaching  in  that 
great  establishment."* 

It  became,  therefore,  the  imperative  duty  of  the  medical 
gentlemen  placed  in  charge,  that  they  should  take  steps  with 
that  end  in  view  with  all  convenient  speed.  It  redounds  to 
their  credit,  none  the  less,  however,  and  we  have  now  to  re- 
cord that  their  responsibilities  in  this  respect  were  easily  met, 
and  a  scheme  adopted  which,  developed  as  it  was  in  the  next 
decade,  eventually  placed  Bellevue  in  the  foremost  rank  as  a 
school  of  scientific  bedside  teaching. 

The  earliest  reference  to  public  instruction  in  this  hospital 
that  has  been  found  is  in  a  short  note  in  the  "Medical  Reposi- 
tory" for  1804,  which  communicates  the  fact  that  a  lying-in 
ward  had  just  been  established  in  the  almshouse,  and  that  as  a 
sufficient  number  of  cases  occurred  there,  Dr.  Valentine  Seaman 
had  begun  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  obstetric  art,  including  an- 
atomy, physiology,  and  practical  parts,  and  as  this  establish- 
ment is  particularly  and  exclusively  devoted  to  the  education 
of  females,  it  will  be  easy  for  women  who  practise  or  intend 
midwifery  to  avail  themselves  of  it." 

We  then  pass  to  the  time  of  the  resident  physicians.  The 
assistants  in  that  period  paid  the  chief  a  fee  that  was  politely 
called  a  tuition  fee,  but  in  most  cases  there  it  ended.  The 
time  of  most  of  these  gentlemen  was  taken  up  with  attending 
political  meetings,  and  in  entertaining  political  characters,^  and 
what  teaching  was  done  in  the  wards,  as  a  rule,  was  by  pri- 
vate individuals  who,  having  humanely  volunteered  their  ser- 
vices in  the  cause  of  charity  and  of  science,  walked  the  wards, 
attended  often  by  their  private  students.  Thus  one  of  the 
members  of  this  first  Medical  Board  gave  a  course  of  clinical 
lectures  to  a  small  class  of  students  in  1844.''  This  custom 
was  continued  for  a  number  of  years  afterward  b}-  various 
members — even  as  late  as   1852.     The   Medical   Board   was 

1  "  New- York  Journal  of  Medicine,"  Vol.  \'I.,  p.  457. 

2  "  Medical  Repository,"  Vol.  II.,  2d  Hex.  p.  408. 

3  One  of  these  resident  physicians  was  elected  president  of  the  Tammany  Society  in 
1845. —  "Evening  Post, "October  30,  1845. 

*  Dr.  J.  W.  Francis,  "  New-York  Physicians." 


-^ 


John  J.  Crane,  M.  D. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  53 

hardly  a  year  in  power  before  they  made  provision  for  an 
amphitheater,  and  on  Friday,  the  2d  March,  1849,  at  one 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  it  was  formally  opened  by  an  ad- 
dress by  Dr.  D.  Meredith  Reese,  the  resident,  this  being  fol- 
lowed by  the  first  public  clinic.  The  clinic  was  a  surgical  one. 
Dr.  William  H.  Van  Buren  was  the  operator  and  performed  the 
operation  of  lithotomy.  Notice  was  then  given  that  thereafter 
students  would  be  admitted  without  charge  to  attend  clinical 
lectures  on  every  Friday  at  i  P.  M.,  and  that  such  clinics 
would  be  held  by  one  of  the  visiting  medical  or  surgical  offi- 
cers of  the  hospital.  This  rule  prevailed  until  the  end  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1850,  when  a  slight  alteration  was  made  in  the  clinic 
day,  by  which  each  physician  and  each  surgeon  on  duty  was 
to  give  a  lecture  twice  every  fortnight  during  his  month  of 
service,  on  Mondays  at  one  o'clock,  or  on  Saturdays  at  three 
o'clock.  Besides,  a  summer  course  was  provided  for,  to  be 
given  in  April,  May,  June,  and  July,  when  the  usual  instruc- 
tion in  the  city  colleges  was  suspended.  These  lectures  were 
to  be  given  on  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  Thursday,  and  Friday  of 
each  week  during  the  months  mentioned,  at  the  hour  of 
twelve  o'clock,  and  were  to  be  gratuitous.  The  lectures 
planned  were  to  be  as  follows:  Dr.  Cock  on  Uterine  Hem- 
orrhage; Dr.  Stone  on  Compound  Fractures;  Dr.  Van  Buren 
on  Venereal  Diseases;  Dr.  Metcalfe  on  Diseases  of  the  Chest; 
and  Dr.  Foster  on  some  subject  upon  which  he  probably  had 
not  decided,  for  it  is  not  mentioned.  Whether  this  plan  of 
summer  instruction  was  ever  begun  is  not  known,  but  at 
all  events  it  was  not  continued  later  than  May,  1850.  During 
the  ensuing  five  or  six  years  clinics  were  held  occasionally, 
but  with  no  regularity. 

In  the  mean  time  must  be  recounted  what  had  been  ac- 
complished in  matters  more  exclusively  affecting  the  welfare 
of  the  patients.  This  can  be  most  easily  and  clearly  shown 
by  an  examination  of  the  mortality-records.  As  has  been 
already  stated,  the  death-record  in  the  twenty  years  prior 
to  1847  averaged  20%,  and  in  one  year  reached  the  dread- 
ful  proportion    of  33%.     In    1847    it   was   17%:    it  will  be 


54  Af^  Account  of  Bcllcvue  Hospital. 

remembered  that  the  medical  reorganization  was  effected  in 
November,  1847.  T^^*^  X^^''  '^4^  showed  a  ratio  of  16%; 
1849.  13%;  1850,  10%;  1851,  9>^%;  1852,  \\y^%\  1853, 
gy^%:  in  other  words,  whereas,  in  the  old  days,  out  of  every 
75  patients  15  died,  in  1853  but  7  died — a  saving  of  8  lives 
in  every  75;  upon  the  basis  of  the  total  admission  in  1853, 
a  saving  of  59  lives  a  year.  The  figures  for  the  next  two 
years  show  a  slight  increase, —  viz.,  io^%  and  io^%  re- 
spectively. It  cannot  be  objected  that  in  former  years  the 
epidemics  of  typhus  and  of  cholera  prevailed  and  so  increased 
the  death-rate,  because  in  1851,  with  a  record  of  only  9]/^%, 
one  of  the  worst  types  of  typhus  existed  in  the  hospital  to  an 
extent  unparalleled  for  many  years,  two  of  its  victims  being 
members  of  the  house  staff — Gridley  and  Ravenhill.  Again 
in  1852  Asiatic  cholera  increased  the  proportion  of  deaths  as 
is  shown  above,  which  was  also  the  case  in  1854.  During  the 
next  five  or  six  years  typhus  constantly  appeared  in  the  list 
of  deaths.  The  year  1850  gave  a  record  of  43  typhus  deaths; 
185  I,  97;  1852,  122;  or  over  19%  of  all  the  deaths  in  the  hos- 
pital. It  then  began  to  decline,  and  the  following  two  years'  rec- 
ord showed  respectively  a  total  of  30  and  16  deaths  from  this 
cause.  The  deaths  of  Gridley  and  Ravenhill  caused  the  Medi- 
cal Board  to  urge  upon  the  Board  of  Governors  the  necessity 
of  at  once  improving  the  quarters  occupied  by  the  staff,  which 
were  in  a  very  unsanitary  condition.  It  would  be  difficult  to 
explain  how  it  was  that  cases  of  typhus  and  cholera  were  ad- 
mitted to  the  hospital  in  view  of  the  fact  that  both  were  looked 
upon  as  communicable  diseases  by  the  Medical  Board,  as  is 
shown  by  a  resolution  passed  by  the  board  in  185  i,  refusing 
to  sanction  the  use  of  the  penitentiary  hospital  for  the  recep- 
tion of  patients  from  the  Ward's  Island  hospital  on  the  ground 
that  most  of  these  cases  were  typhus  fever,  and  again  in  1852 
by  a  protest  of  the  board  against  the  admission  of  cholera  at 
the  institution  or  ground.  Nevertheless  typhus  continued  to 
come,  and  the  board  was  ordered  in  1854  to  make  ready  the 
room  over  the  cook-house  for  the  reception  of  cases  of  cholera 
—  of  all  places  the  very  worst.     The  disease  was  not  confined 


An  Account  of  Bellevite  Hospital.  55 

to  the  latter  place,  however,  for  this  same  year  the  garret  of 
the  hospital  was  reported  to  be  in  a  condition  which  was  a 
disgrace  to  the  institution.  Eight  patients  were  lying  on  the 
floor,  and  a  number  of  cases  of  cholera  and  of  dysentery  had 
occurred  there.  Puerperal  fever  was  also  making  inroads. 
The  number  of  deaths  from  this  cause  for  the  eight  years  from 
1848  to  1855,  inclusive,  averaged  ten  a  year;  in  1853  and 
1854  all  the  cases  died, —  namely,  twelve.  The  average  num- 
ber of  deliveries  for  the  last  six  years  of  the  former  period 
was  210.  Following  close  on  the  heels  of  puerperal  fever 
was  erysipelas;  it  is  recorded  that  it  caused  most  of  the  surgi- 
cal deaths.  Another  epidemic  of  puerperal  fever  occurred  in 
the  latter  part  of  January,  1857,  when  Dr.  Barker  was  the 
visiting  physician  on  duty.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Academy  of 
Medicine  on  October  7,  1857,  he  announced  his  belief,  after  his 
observations  in  Bellevue,  of  the  specific  character  of  the  dis- 
ease, the  various  lesions  in  the  peritoneum  and  in  the  pelvic 
and  uterine  cellular  tissue  being  local  manifestations  of  a  gen- 
eral constitutional  disease  of  toxaemic  origin.  He  thus  describes 
the  character  of  that  epidemic:  "Succeeding  a  period  of  al- 
most unparalleled  cold  came  that  long  spell  of  warm,  damp, 
close,  foggy  weather.  This  change  had  scarcely  set  in  when 
one  after  another  as  the  women  were  delivered  —  these  wards 
having  been  previously  healthy — they  began  to  develop,  one 
pelvic  cellulitis,  another  peritonitis,  another  ovaritis,  another 
metritis;  all  of  the  asthenic  type  and  with  an  early  tendency  to 
gangrene  or  suppuration,  while  scarcely  one  escaped  without 
a  threatening,  at  least,  of  those  terrible  torments  of  nursing- 
women,  sore  nipples  or  mammary  abscess.  Indeed  so  well 
established  did  this  state  of  things  become,  that  a  pulse  of  120 
and  a  flushed  cheek  were  looked  for  as  a  matter  of  course  on 
the  morning  after  confinement,  and  the  normal  results  were 
luxuries  to  the  attendant  physician." 

The  hospital  in  1854-55  was  crowded  to  its  utmost  capacity, 
the  number  of  patients  treated  in  1853  was  5564,  and  had 
nearly  doubled  since  1847.  The  warden  reported  in  January, 
1855,  that  the  hospital  had  200  more  patients  than  its  proper 


56  An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

capacity.  Every  nook  and  corner  was  occupied  ;  the  garrets, 
the  basement,  and  the  room  over  the  cook-house  had  been 
appropriated  to  their  use.  It  was  now  decided  by  the  Board 
of  Governors  to  build  an  addition  to  the  main  building,  and 
they  immediately  set  about  it.  This  addition  was  the  wing 
extending  eastward  from  the  main  house  along  the  Twenty- 
eighth  street  side.  It  was  erected  at  a  total  cost  of  $60,000, 
and  was  formally  opened  on  April  23,  1855,  by  an  address  by 
the  President  of  the  Board,  Dr.  John  W.  Francis.  This  wing 
was  raised  to  a  height  of  four  stories  in  anticipation  of  an  im- 
portant change  which  was  efifected  in  the  following  year  in  the 
main  structure.  This  was  the  addition  of  a  fourth  story  and 
a  large  amphitheater  designed  to  accommodate  600  persons. 
There  was  at  that  time  nothing  in  the  United  States  to  equal 
this  operating  theater.  With  the  exception  of  a  few  slight 
alterations,  the  main  hospital  building  in  its  external  appear- 
ance was  then  the  same  as  it  appears  to-day.  The  amphi- 
theater was  remodeled  about  1870.  It  was  then  the  finest 
hospital  in  the  city,  with  an  estimated  capacity  of  1200  beds, 
and  possessing  all  the  improvements  in  hospital  architec- 
ture. The  lying-in  ward  accommodated  about  250  patients 
yearly. 

But  this  was  not  all  that  w^as  done  at  this  time.  For  several 
years  the  subject  had  been  agitated  of  doing  away  with  the  nox- 
ious dead-house  that  had  existed  for  so  long,  and  of  replacing  it 
with  a  larger  and  better  building,  more  suitable  and  convenient 
for  that  purpose.  It  was  due  largely  to  the  energy  and  zeal  of 
James  R.  Wood  that  the  sum  of  $3000  was  appropriated  for 
this  purpose  in  1853,  but  four  years  elapsed  before  the  build- 
ing was  completed.  It  was  built  of  brick,  two  stories  in  height. 
The  upper  story  was  designed  as  a  pathological  museum,  and 
contained  a  spacious  lecture-room.  This  museum  became  the 
Wood  Pathological  Museum  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  Dr.  James 
R.  Wood  presented  it  with  his  private  collection  of  pathological 
specimens,  and  from  time  to  time  to  the  present  day  the  col- 
lection has  been  supplemented  both  by  Wood  and  others  of 
the  Bellevue  staff,  and  it  now  contains  some  of  the  most  rare, 


Henry   B.  Sands,  M.  D. 

[From  a  photograph  loaned  by  his  son.  Dr.  Robert  A.  Sands.] 


An  Account  of  Bellcvne  Hospital.  57 

interesting,  and  unique  specimens  of  anatomical  dissections  and 
pathological  specimens  to  be  found  anywhere. 

And  now  the  desire  that  had  ever  actuated  the  Medical 
Board  from  its  organization  to  apply  the  great  clinical  advan- 
tages in  the  hospital  to  the  purposes  of  instruction  received  a 
new  stimulus. 

Ever  since  the  plans  of  1850  had  been  so  summarily  aban- 
doned, clinics  had  been  held  at  various  irregular  times  and  in 
a  somewhat  irregular  manner,  being  arranged  in  no  well-or- 
ganized scheme  ;  the  students  varied  much  in  numbers — some- 
times fifty  and  on  some  occasions  as  many  as  two  hundred  at- 
tended. When  the  new  pathological  building  was  in  course  of 
erection,  a  committee  of  three  was  appointed  to  prepare  a  plan 
for  clinical  instruction,  certificates  to  be  given  to  students  who 
attended  according  to  such  plan.  This  plan  was  announced 
by  Dr.  James  R.  Wood  on  the  opening  of  the  lecture-room 
October  19,  1857.  Dr.  Wood  stated  that  the  Medical  Board 
had  inaugurated  a  new  era  in  medical  instruction,  and  that  the 
lectures  instituted  would  be  the  first  systematized  series  of 
clinical  lectures  ever  delivered  in  this  country.^ 

The  corps  of  lecturers  included  Drs.  Clark,  Parker,  Metcalfe, 
Elliot,  and  J.  R.  Wood.  Tickets  for  this  course  were  obtain- 
able by  medical  students  and  practitioners  on  the  payment  of  a 
fee  to  the  Medical  Board.  This  plan  continued  in  operation 
not  more  than  three  years.  A  new  and  important  departure 
was  made  by  the  Medical  Board  in  the  latter  part  of  i860.  In 
the  spring  of  that  year,  the  old  board  often  governors  was  su- 
perseded by  a  new  board  of  control  called  the  Board  of  Com- 
missioners of  Public  Charities  and  Correction.  It  consisted  of 
four  members  —  Simeon  Draper,  President,  and  James  B.  Nich- 
olson, Moses  H.  Grinnell,  and  Isaac  Bell,  Jr.  Shortly  after 
they  came  into  power  they  proposed  for  the  better  and  more 
economical  management  of  the  various  institutions  under  their 
care  to  place  the  medical  departments  of  all  the  institutions  on 
the  island,  with  the  exception  of  the  Lunatic  Asylum  and  the 

1  The  first  clinical  instruction  in  the  United  States  was  organized  by  Dr.  Thomas 
Bond  in  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  in  1776. 


58  Afi  Account  of  Bellcvue  Hospital. 

Infant's  Hospital,  in  the  care  of  the  Medical  Board  of  Bellevue. 
This  board,  in  response  to  a  request  from  the  commissioners, 
investigated  these  several  hospitals  through  a  committee  ap- 
pointed for  the  purpose.  The  members  of  this  committee  were 
Drs.  Taylor,  James  R.  Wood,  McCready,  Meier,  Crane,  and 
Clark.  This  committee  made  a  very  exhaustive  report  to  the 
board  on  December  18,  i860,  and  after  due  consideration  of  the 
subject,  the  Medical  Board  acceded  to  the  request  of  the  com- 
missioners, By  this  arrangement  960  patients  additional  came 
under  the  care  of  the  Bellevue  board.  This  report  closed  with 
the  following  important  words  :  "In  view  of  the  great  advan- 
tages accruing  from  the  addition  of  such  a  large  field  of  practice, 
.  .  .  thus  enlarging  the  field  of  clinical  instruction,  and  the  ex- 
tensive opportunities  for  advancing  the  cause  of  medical  science, 
thereby  attracting  to  an  institution  in  the  city  of  New-York  a 
large  number  of  medical  students,  does  it  not,  with  even  this 
cursory  view  of  the  subject,  become  an  important  question 
whether,  ere  many  days  elapse,  Bellevue  Hospital  should  not 
have  connected  with  it  a  college  for  the  education  of  young 
men,  independent  of  a  mere  hospital  for  clinical  teaching,  thus 
making  it  one  of  the  best  hospitals  and  medical  schools  in 
the  United  States  —  nay,  in  Europe?  The  committee  think 
the  subject  is  one  worthy  of  consideration,  and  tliat  some  plan 
might  be  suggested  to  carry  it  out  with  effect.  There  are  many 
reasons  why  it  should  be,  and  every  exertion  ought  to  be  at- 
tempted to  accomplish  it.  The  commissioners  will  come  up  to 
the  work  when  the  proper  time  arrives  for  its  consummation, 
as  it  is  now  brought  forward  at  their  suggestion  and  request."* 
On  the  3  1st  of  the  same  month  it  was  resolved  that  "  we  as 
a  Medical  Board  agree  to  lecture  according  to  the  plan  pro- 
posed by  the  commissioners."'  These  schemes  rapidly  took 
shape;  March,  1861,  eleven"-  out  of  the  active  members  of  the 
Medical  Board  signified  their  willingness  to  connect  themselves 
with  the  proposed  college.     The  college  was  incorporated,  and 

1  Extracts  from  the  Minutes  of  the  Medical  Board,  Dec.  31,  i860. 

2  These  were  Drs.  Taylor,  Wood,   Hamilton,   Sayre,   Mott,  Smith,  Barker,  Elliot, 
McCready,  Gouley,  and  Loomis. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  59 

on  April   1 1   the  commissioners   gave  permission   to   erect   a 
building  within  the  hospital  inclosure. 

The  clinical  courses  at  Bellevue  conducted  by  the  Medical 
Board  since  1849,  and  with  renewed  vigor  after  the  addition  of 
the  pathological  building  in  1857,  had  so  grown  in  value  to 
students  of  medicine,  that  in  the  annual  report  for  i860  the 
board  was  able  to  record  that  upward  of  three  hundred  tickets 
had  been  taken  out.  The  enlargement  of  the  field  for  study 
which  had  already  taken  place  was  made  suggestive  to  the 
Medical  Board  of  wider  benefit,  and  they  determined,  if  possi- 
ble, still  further  to  systematize  the  course  of  instruction,  and 
amplify  its  scope.  And  being  in  this  enthusiastically  seconded 
by  the  new  Board  of  Commissioners,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medi- 
cal College  was  the  outcome. 

What  remains  to  be  recorded  in  the  history  of  the  hospital 
during  the  remainder  of  this  period  pertains  directly  to  the 
staff  itself  And  first  as  to  its  organization :  in  December, 
1849,  the  house  service  was  divided  into  three  medical  and 
surgical  divisions ;  these  divisions  were  not  designated  by 
numbers,  however,  but  simply  as  medical  and  surgical  services. 
This  was  the  practice  until  April,  1853,  when  the  various  divi- 
sions were  distinguished  as  the  first,  second,  and  third  medi- 
cal, and  the  first  and  second  surgical,  the  obstetrical  division 
being  attached  to  the  medical  side.  Soon  after  the  new  wing 
was  opened  it  became  necessary  to  increase  the  number  of 
medical  divisions,  and  in  1856  the  fourth  was  added.  The 
third  surgical  division  was  not  established  until  October,  1859. 
The  full  term  of  service  during  all  this  period,  and  for  some  years 
thereafter,  was  eighteen  months,  each  interne  filling  the  posi- 
tions in  order  of  junior  and  senior  assistant,  and  finally  of 
house  physician  or  surgeon.  When  the  Medical  Board  took 
charge  of  the  Island  hospitals  in  i860,  a  change  was  made.  The 
junior  assistants  as  soon  as  they  entered  the  service  were  sent 
to  the  island,  and  they  served  at  the  Island  (Charity),  Smallpox 
and  Penitentiary  hospitals  —  at  the  former  for  three  months,  and 
at  the  two  latter  for  three  months ;  at  the  expiration  of  that  time 
they  entered  Bellevue  Hospital  as  senior  assistants.    The  many 


6o  An  Acco2uit  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

changes  in  the  staff  consequent  upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil 
War  make  it  exceedingly  difficult  to  understand  and  trace  the 
arrangement  of  the  various  services.  The  records  are  very- 
conflicting,  and  the  deviation  from  the  ordinary  rule  of  junior 
service  noted  above  adds  to  the  confusion.  It  is  an  intricate 
problem,  but  as  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained  the  plan  followed 
was  this:  The  first  and  fourth  medical  divisions  alternated 
every  six  months  between  the  male  and  the  female  side  of  the 
house.  At  the  same  time  the  staff  attached  to  these  divisions 
changed  every  three  months  so  that  the  house  physician  of 
the  first  medical  division  was  on  the  male  side  for  half  of  his 
service,  and  on  the  fourth  medical,  or  the  female  side,  for  the 
other  half.  The  second  and  third  medical  changed  in  like 
manner.  The  obstetrical  division  was  transferred  from  one 
medical  division  to  another  in  regular  sequence  every  four 
weeks.  The  surgical  services  were  fixed.  This  order  pre- 
vailed as  early  as  April,  1861,  and  continued  until  October, 
1866,  at  least.  Again,  during  the  summer  of  1864,  the  length 
of  service  was  increased  by  six  months.  In  May  of  that  year 
tents  were  erected  on  the  island  for  the  reception  of  typhus 
cases,  and  the  physicians  placed  in  charge  were  the  members 
of  the  Bellevue  staff  who  had  just  finished  their  service  at  that 
hospital.  How  long  this  continued  does  not  appear.  The 
fourth  medical  division  was  discontinued  in  October,  1866. 

A  diploma  has  been  granted  by  the  governors  or  commis- 
sioners of  the  hospital  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Medical 
Board,  since  October,  1852,  to  such  as  served  the  allotted 
time  on  this  staff  in  a  satisfactory  manner.  The  certificate  of 
service  given  between  April,  1850,  and  October,  1852,  was 
practically  the  same  in  effect,  however.  Here  attention  must 
be  given  to  a  certificate  of  far  different  significance.  For  sev- 
eral years  subsequent  to  1856  a  testimonial  was  furnished 
by  the  Medical  Board  to  such  students  as  had  attended  the 
clinics  given  in  the  hospital  wards  and  in  the  amphitheater. 
Very  frequently  these  testimonials  were  put  forward  as  evi- 
dence that  the  holders  thereof  had  served  in  Bellevue  Hospital 
or,  as  it  has  frequently  been  put,  had  been  "in  Bellevue";  for 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  6i 

that  reason  the  issue  of  such  certificates  was  discontinued  in 
the  spring  of  1863/  This  certificate  was  on  parchment, 
15x20  inches  in  size,  bearing  an  engraving  of  the  hospital. 
The  one  of  which  we  have  a  copy  is  signed  by  the  president 
and  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Governors  and  by  the  members 
of  the  Medical  Board,  and  also  bears  the  governor's  seal.  It 
reads  as  follows:  "This  is  to  certify  that has  at- 
tended the  practice  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  wards  of 
Bellevue  Hospital  for  the  term  of  one  year.  In  testimony  of 
which  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the  almshouse  has  caused 
the  signatures  of  its  officers  and  the  members  of  the  Medical 
Board  of  Bellevue  Hospital  to  be  affixed  to  this  diploma  on 
the  23rd  day  of  March,  i860." 

Bellevue  suffered  the  loss  of  the  services  of  many  of  her  best 
men  during  the  Civil  War.  She  was  even  in  some  danger  of 
losing  many,  if  not  all,  of  her  Medical  Board  in  1861.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  board  held  on  April  30,  1861,  on  motion  of 
James  R.  Wood,  a  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  Elliot,  Wood, 
and  McCready  was  appointed  to  draft  a  set  of  resolutions  ten- 
dering the  services  of  the  board  to  the  State  of  New- York. 
On  May  6  at  a  special  meeting,  these  resolutions  were  pre- 
sented and  adopted,  and  the  following  correspondence  took 
place: 

New-York,  May  6,  1861, 

To  His  Excellency  E.  D.  Morgan,  Governor  of  the 
State  of  New- York: 

Sir:  At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Medical  Board  of  Bellevue 
Hospital,  held  on  the  4th  inst.,  the  following  preamble  and 
resolutions  were  unanimously  passed,  and  the  secretary  was 
instructed  to  forward  a  copy  to  you: 

WJiereas,  At  the  call  of  the  President  of  the  United  States 
an  army  is  rapidly  organizing  for  service  in  the  field;  and, 

Whereas,  Military  experience  has  demonstrated  the  neces- 
sity for  the  establishment  of  hospitals  in  the  neighborhood  of 
troops  exposed  to  the  risks  of  battle  and  the  diseases  incident 
to  climate,  season,  and  camp-life;  and 

WJiereas,   By  a  natural  classification  of  such  diseases  in  hos- 

iThe  name  of  a  holder  of  this  certificate  merely,  does  not  appear  in  the  List  of  In- 
ternes here  published. 


62  An  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

pitals  the  services  both  of  physicians  and  surgeons  may  be 
useful  to  the  government ;    therefore, 

Resolved,  That  the  Medical  Board  of  Bellevue  Hospital  do 
hereby  offer  their  services  to  the  governor  of  the  State  of 
New- York  for  such  duty  as  physicians  and  surgeons  in  the  or- 
ganization or  charge  of  military  hospitals,  as  may  be  needed 
by  the  government,  and  may  not  conflict  with  the  privileges 
of  the  medical  staff"  of  the  army. 

(signed)     Jno.  W.  Greene,  M.  D., 

Secretary  Medical  Board. 


To  this  the  following  reply  was  received : 

Albany,  May  8,  1861. 

John  W.  Greene,  M.  D., 

Secretary  of  the  Medical  Board  of  Bellevue  Hospital: 

Dear  Sir:  I  am  directed  by  the  commander-in-chief  to 
acknowledge  the  receipt  of  the  resolutions  passed  by  the  Medi- 
cal Board  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  and  to  express  his  sincere 
thanks  for  the  noble  and  patriotic  offer  contained  therein. 

This  department  has,  however,  made  ample  preparations 
with  the  governors  of  the  New- York  Hospital,  and  has  ap- 
pointed Dr.  Agnew  to  take  charge  of  the  same.  When  the 
forces  are  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States  they 
pass  from  the  control  of  this  department,  and  become  the 
charge  of  the  general  government. 

It  is  impossible  to  say,  in  the  struggle  upon  which  the  coun- 
try is  now  entering,  what  may  be  the  future  demands  upon 
the  labors  of  our  medical  men.  Should  it  become  necessary 
to  call  to  our  assistance  increased  aid,  we  shall  gladly'  avail 
ourselves  of  the  manly  offer  of  the  physicians  and  surgeons  of 
Bellevue.  Respectfully  yours, 

(signed)    S.  Oakley  Vanderpoel, 

Surgeon-  General. 

But  the  young  men  were  not  one  whit  behind  their  elders. 
Almost  the  entire  staff"  which  left  the  hospital  in  April,  1861, 
went  to  the  front;  juniors  resigned  one  after  the  other,  while 
others  of  the  staff"  only  remained  to  finish  their  hospital  term 
before  following  their  example.  Most  of  those  who  resigned 
were  given  certificates,  and  they  did  so  with  the  full  consent 


An  Account  of  Belleviie  Hospital.  63 

of  the  Medical  Board.  And  thus  it  continued,  so  that  the 
service  in  the  house  was  all  but  demoralized.  In  March, 
1862,  it  is  recorded  that  Bellevue  was  being  drained  of  its 
young  men.  It  became  very  difficult  to  get  enough  men 
capable  of  attending  the  wards,  and  many  of  the  staff  were 
acting  house  physicians  or  surgeons  during  the  whole  time 
of  their  interneship. 

But  the  staff  had  worse  than  war  to  fight.  In  1861  typhus, 
its  old  enemy,  began  again  for  the  seventh  time  its  insidious 
attack.  Slowly  but  exceedingly  sure  did  it  advance,  until  in 
March,  1863,  Cook  and  King  fell;  and  in  December  the  next 
victim,  Olmsted,  who  contracted  the  disease,  it  is  said,  from 
an  isolated  case  occurring  in  a  general  medical  ward  of  which 
he  had  charge.  Rowe  while  nursing  Olmsted  contracted  the 
fever  and  soon  followed  him, —  January,  1864.  Yet  two  sacri- 
fices more  were  made,  Devlin  and  Dewey  gave  up  their  lives 
in  April,  and  the  fever  ceased.  Are  they  more  heroic  who 
die  in  battle  ? 

Of  the  twenty-one  members  of  the  staff,  fourteen  took  the 
fever  and  six  died.^  Of  those  who  died  three  were  treated  in 
Bellevue  and  one  in  a  Newark,  N.  J.,  hospital ;  of  the  eight 
who  recovered  one  was  treated  at  Bellevue  and  two  at  the 
Island  hospital. 

The  number  of  patients  treated  at  Bellevue  in  the  year  i860 
was  more  than  double  what  it  had  been  in  1853.  The  number 
was  constantly  tending  upward.  The  annual  report  for  i860 
states  that  1 1,41 1  patients  were  treated  during  that  year.  The 
deaths  were  1013  ;  the  number  of  patients  under  treatment  on 
January  i,  1861,  was  926.  During  the  year  there  had  been  474 
births. 

An  effort  was  made  in  1863,  through  some  outside  influ- 
ences brought  to  bear  upon  the  commissioners,  to  subdivide 
this  immense  service  by  the  establishment  of  four  special  de- 

1  Besides  these,  two  othersnot  members  of  the  staff  fell  ill  of  the  disease,  and  both  died. 
They  were  E.  C.  Passmore,  who  visited  the  fever  tents  on  Blackwell's  Island  daily,  and 
Dr.  Shiverick,  who  was  engaged  in  recording  special  cases  in  the  fever  wards  for  one  of 
the  visiting  physicians. 


64  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

partments  in  the  hospital.  It  was  proposed  that  from  the  medi- 
cal department  should  be  separated  all  diseases  of  the  brain 
and  nervous  system,  and  from  the  surgical,  all  diseases  of  the 
eye  and  ear  and  of  the  skin,  and  also  all  orthopedic  cases,  and 
that  certain  gentlemen  should  be  placed  in  charge  of  each  of 
these  four  special  services  who  had  given  such  diseases  special 
attention.  This  proposition,  when  it  came  before  the  Medical 
Board,  gave  rise  to  a  great  deal  of  rather  heated  discussion. 
The  proposition  was  finally  rejected.  Another  proposition  put 
before  the  board  at  the  same  time  was  the  establishment  of  an 
out-door  department.  Both  of  these  questions  had  been  re- 
ferred to  a  committee  of  which  Dr.  Austin  Flint  was  chair- 
man, and  this  committee  on  June  22,  1863,  in  an  elaborate 
and  carefully  prepared  report,  gave  their  reasons  for  accepting 
the  one  and  rejecting  the  other.  After  stating  that  the  only 
condition  necessary  for  admission  to  Bellevue  was  sickness 
along  with  indigence,  they  argue  that  to  reconstruct  the  ser- 
vice in  the  way  proposed,  would  be  in  direct  opposition  to  the 
chief  end  and  purpose  for  which  the  hospital  was  established. 
Were  such  a  system  adopted,  the  natural  and  necessary  in- 
terest of  the  attending  staff  in  their  respective  services  would 
be  materially  lessened.  For  this  reason  neither  the  medical 
division  could  spare  the  diseases  of  the  nervous  system,  nor 
the  surgical  the  proposed  eliminations  from  it.  Furthermore, 
from  a  canvass  of  the  whole  hospital-service,  made  on  the 
17th  of  June,  1863,  it  was  found  that  but  thirty-nine  cases 
all  told  of  these  diseases  could  be  found,  and  some  of  these 
were  under  treatment  for  more  important  troubles  and  could 
not  be  reckoned  in  making  up  the  special  service.^  "The 
allotment  of  the  patients  to  three  divisions,  medical,  surgi- 
cal, and  obstetrical,  is  as  nearly  natural  as  any  distribution 
can  be;  .  .  .  it  is  sanctioned  by  the  usage  of  the  oldest  hos- 
pitals, and  at  Bellevue  it  has,  up  to  this  time,  been  satisfactory 
to  the  patients,  the  medical  officers,  and  the  commissioners. 
Subdivisions   beyond   this    .    .    .    are    called  for  only  by  the 

1  There  were  found  fifteen  cases  of  diseases  of  the  eye  ;  one  of  the  ear;  six  of  tlie 
skin  ;  two  orthopedic,  and  fifteen  of  diseases  of  the  nervous  system. 


George  T.  Elliot,  M.  D. 


An  Account  of  Belleviie  Hospital.  65 

multiplication  of  cases  of  a  special  class,  or  by  the  unfitness  of 
a  medical  officer  to  treat  such  cases."  The  committee  there- 
fore reported  against  the  change.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
proposition  to  establish  an  out-patient  department  met  with 
the  approval  of  the  committee.  If  the  relations  of  such  a  de- 
partment to  the  hospital  itself  were  properly  adjusted,  it  had 
many  things  in  its  favor.  It  would  relieve  the  hospital  of  the 
care  of  many  patients  who  could  be  treated  as  well,  if  not  to 
better  advantage,  outside  its  walls,  and  it  might  also  be  made 
to  add  to  the  scientific  character  of  the  hospital. 

Before  leaving  this  period  of  the  hospital's  history,  it  is  ne- 
cessary to  add  two  more  to  the  mournful  roll  of  honor.  In 
1866,  on  March  29,  Lemaire  Zabriskie  was  taken,  and  the 
deaths  from  typhus  fever  numbered  a  full  score.  Richard 
Varick  Pell  died  on  August  22  of  the  same  year,  the  first  and 
only  victim  of  Asiatic  cholera. 

The  institutions  on  the  island  were  reorganized  in  March, 
1866.  The  Island  hospital  was  called  Charity  Hospital  and 
placed  under  a  separate  Medical  Board.  In  consequence  of 
this  the  "Island  service"  of  the  Bellevue  staff  was  discontinued, 
and  in  April,  1866,  the  fourth  medical  division  was  abolished. 
The  term  of  service  was  reduced  to  eighteen  months,  and  from 
that  time  until  1874  there  were  three  medical  and  three  surgi- 
cal divisions. 


IV. 

1869-1893. 

The  introduction  of  the  ambulance  is  the  beginning  of  a 
new  era  in  the  usefulness  of  hospitals  in  large  cities.  As  a 
hospital  is  designed  to  give  aid  to  the  injured  and  to  supply 
succor  to  the  desperately  ill,  so  is  it  its  imperative  duty  to  ex- 
tend that  aid  and  succor  at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  But 
it  had  not  yet  occurred  to  any  one  that  a  hospital  could  do 

5 


66  A  71  AccoiDit  of  Belleviie  Hospital. 

more  in  its  beneficent  work  than  wait  with  open  doors  for 
the  sufifering  to  enter.  It  was  like  a  discovery,  the  suggestion 
that  a  hospital  could  endow  itself  with  feet  and  hands,  and  go 
out  after  the  sick  and  the  injured  and  save  life  which  would  in 
many  a  case  perish  if  relief  could  not  be  got  before  reaching 
the  hospital. 

If  Bcllevue  did  not  from  the  beginning,  any  more  than 
others,  recognize  this  principle,  she  was  in  advance  of  all  others 
to  put  it  in  practice.  To  one  of  Bellevue's  staff,  Dr.  Edward 
B.  Dalton,  is  the  honor  due  of  being  the  first  to  direct  at- 
tention to  the  importance  of  hastening  assistance  and  render- 
ing it  when  necessary  on  the  spot  before  removal,  as  well  as 
alleviating  suffering  incident  to  transportation,  and  of  being 
the  first  to  propose  a  plan  for  carrying  into  effect  these  im- 
provements in  the  service. 

Dalton  proposed  to  the  commissioners  the  formation  of  a 
city  ambulance  corps.  He  had  an  established  reputation  as 
an  organizer  and  director  of  military  hospitals,  and  his  sugges- 
tion therefore  carried  great  weight.  Having  been  accepted  by 
the  Medical  Examining  Board  of  the  State  of  New-York  as 
regimental  surgeon  early  in  i86i,  he  was  in  November,  after 
serving  four  months  on  board  the  Quaker  City  on  blockade 
duty,  ordered  to  join  the  Thirty-sixth  Regiment  New-York 
Volunteers  as  Surgeon.  This  regiment  was  attached  to  the 
Second  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  December, 
1862,  when  the  army,  then  under  the  command  of  General 
Burnside,  was  divided  into  three  Grand  Divisions,  and  the 
Thirty-sixth  New- York  was  attached  to  the  Second  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  of  the  Sixth  Corps  under  General  W.  H.  Smith. 
His  special  aptitude  in  medical  administration  was  soon  recog- 
nized, and  in  January,  1863,  he  was  detailed  by  General  Smith 
as  Medical  Inspector  of  the  Sixth  Corps.  In  March  of  this 
year  he  resigned  his  commission  as  surgeon  of  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Regiment,  and  was  appointed  to  the  new  rank  of  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Volunteers, 

During  the  summer  of  1863  Dalton  was  Acting  Medical  Di- 
rector of  the  Army  of  Virginia  under  General  Dix.     After  this 


All  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  67 

he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Chesapeake  General  Hospital, 
and  subsequently  was  Chief  Medical  Officer  of  the  Balfour 
General  Hospital.  Here  he  remained  until  March,  1864,  when 
at  his  own  request  he  was  ordered  again  to  join  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  but  was  not  attached  to  any  special  corps.  He 
acted  as  "  Inspector  for  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,"  and  was 
under  the  immediate  command  of  Medical  Director  Thomas  A. 
McParlin.  Dr.  Dalton  was  at  this  time  not  yet  thirty  years  of 
age.      Here  his  greatest  work  began. 

The  army,  now  under  the  command  of  Grant,  began  the 
campaign  of  1864.  Immediately  after  the  conflicts  in  the  Wil- 
derness, Dalton  was  ordered  by  the  Medical  Director  to  take 
entire  charge  of  the  transportation  and  care  of  the  wounded. 
On  May  8  the  hospital  headquarters  were  fixed  at  Fredericks- 
burg, and  on  the  9th  7000  wounded  men  were  collected  and 
their  immediate  necessities  provided  for,  Dalton  instituting  an 
organization  of  corps  hospitals.  This  large  number  of  wounded 
was  augmented  by  those  from  the  battles  which  followed  on 
the  loth,  1 2th,  and  i8th  of  May.  Many  of  these  it  was  neces- 
sary to  transfer  immediately  to  Washington,  the  entire  respon- 
sibility devolving  on  Dalton. 

The  movements  of  the  army  made  it  necessary  that  the  hos- 
pital stations  for  the  distribution  of  medical  supplies  to  the 
army,  and  the  care  and  transhipment  of  the  wounded,  should 
be  in  more  or  less  close  communication  with  the  front.  There- 
fore during  the  two  weeks  that  followed,  these  depots  were  re- 
moved from  Fredericksburg  to  Port  Royal,  on  the  Rappahan- 
nock, to  White  House,  on  the  Pamunkey,  and  finally,  on  June 
18,  to  City  Point,  on  the  James  River.  At  the  latter  place  was 
organized  the  Depot  Field  Hospital  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, under  Surgeon  Dalton  as  chief  medical  officer. 

Here  was  established  a  hospital  with  facilities  for  handling 
10,000  wounded  and  disabled  soldiers.  This  was  by  far  the 
largest  hospital  organized  on  the  field  during  the  war.  The 
encampment  contained  1200  hospital  tents,  and  covered  an 
area  of  200  acres.  Dr.  Dalton,  in  his  report  to  his  command- 
ing officer  in  December,  1864,  states  that  between  May  16  and 


68  A  71  AccoiDit  of  Bcllcvue  Hospital. 

October  31  there  had  been  received  into  the  hospital,  and  "re- 
tained under  treatment  for  at  least  forty-eii^ht  hours,  68,540 
sick  and  wounded.  Of  these,  48,613  have  been  transferred  to 
the  various  U.  S.  general  hospitals  in  the  North,  and  10,706 
have  been  returned  direct  from  this  hospital  to  duty  with  their 
commands."  The  deaths  numbered  1496.  The  larger  num- 
ber of  the  patients,  of  course,  were  wounded,  but  some  were  ill 
with  such  diseases  as  dysentery,  diarrhea,  malarial  fevers,  and 
a  few  with  typhoid  and  pneumonia. 

Vast  as  this  encampment  was,  and  notwithstanding  the 
character  of  the  cases  which  were  necessarily  admitted,  no 
development  of  disease  of  an  infectious  nature  occurred  within 
its  bounds.  Its  sanitary  conditions  were  as  nearly  perfect 
as  they  could  be  made.  This  hospital  was  maintained  to  the 
close  of  the  war.  In  March,  1865,  Dalton  was  assigned  to  duty 
as  Medical  Director  of  the  Ninth  Army  Corps,  then  operating 
before  Petersburg,  and  with  this  command  he  remained  until 
the  surrender.  He  offered  his  resignation  on  the  24th  of  April, 
and  was  specially  recommended,  on  the  resignation  being  ac- 
cepted, to  receive  the  thanks  of  the  War  Department  for 
meritorious  services.  He  was  appointed  by  the  President,  in 
1865,  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Colonel  of  Volunteers. 
Colonel  Dalton  then  returned  to  this  city. 

The  Metropolitan  Board  of  Health  was  organized  in  1866. 

Its  jurisdiction  extended  over  a  wide  territory  ;  in  it  were  in- 
cluded the  cities  of  New-York  and  Brooklyn,  the  towns  of 
Newtown,  Flushing,  and  Jamaica,  besides  the  whole  of  Rich- 
mond and  Westchester  counties.  For  the  proper  administra- 
tion of  the  affairs  of  this  large  and  newly  established  district 
an  officer  of  superior  executive  ability  was  needed,  and  Dr. 
Dalton,  shortly  after  the  organization  of  the  board,  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Health  Commissioners  as  Sanitary  Superin- 
tendent. 

It  was  while  attending  to  the  affairs  of  this  department  that 
Dr.  Dalton  first  thought  of  applying  to  the  conditions  exist- 
ing in  civil  life  the  main  principles  governing  in  a  field  hos- 
pital the  transportation  of  the  wounded.      On   May   i,   1869, 


Col.  Edward  B.  Dalton,  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A. 

[From  a  photographic  copy  loaned  by  his  brother,  Mr.  C.  II.  Ualto 
of  Boston,  Mass.] 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  69 

the  Commissioners  of  Public  Charities  and  Correction,  being 
then  about  to  estabUsh  an  outpost  of  Bellevue  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  city  in  the  shape  of  a  reception  hospital,  requested 
Superintendent  Dalton  to  submit  plans  for  the  organization 
of  this  relief  station,  and  to  include  therein  his  scheme  for 
an  ambulance  corps.  The  scheme  he  proposed  was  based 
upon  the  system  of  military  ambulance  service  which  he  had 
brought  to  such  a  high  state  of  efficiency  in  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  :  easy,  safe,  and  rapid  transportation,  and  prompt 
service  with  facilities  for  treating  a  more  varied  class  of  disa- 
bility. So  complete  and  specific  was  his  plan  in  every  detail, 
that  it  has  undergone  but  little  modification  since,  and  is  in  the 
main  the  system  existing  to-day.  Its  efficiency  and  benefi- 
cence are  of  daily  demonstration.  Dr.  Dalton  divided  his 
plan  under  the  following  heads:  i,  Receiving  Depot;  2,  Offi- 
cers and  Employees;  3,  Materials;  4,  Provision  and  Rules  for 
Transportation  ;    5,  Duties  of  Officers  at  Receiving  Depot. 

The  commissioners  immediately  adopted  the  plan  and  pro- 
vided a  code  of  rules.  Two  of  these  were  the  following:  "i. 
There  shall  be  provided  at  Bellevue  Hospital  two  ambulances 
of  the  form  recommended  by  Dr.  E.  B.  Dalton  in  his  report, 
and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  warden  to  see  that  they  are  at 
all  times  in  good  order  and  fit  for  service,  etc.  2.  Each  am- 
bulance shall  have  a  box  beneath  the  driver's  seat,  containing 
a  quart  flask  of  brandy,  two  tourniquets,  a  half-dozen  ban- 
dages, a  half-dozen  small  sponges,  some  splint  material,  pieces 
of  old  blankets  for  padding,  strips  of  various  lengths  with 
buckles,  and  a  two-ounce  vial  of  persulphate  of  iron." 

Application  was  made  to  various  carriage-makers  for  plans 
for  a  suitable  vehicle,  and  the  ambulance  of  the  Abbott-Down- 
ing Company  was  adopted.  Assurances  were  given  by  the 
Police  Department  that  they  would  cooperate  in  every  way  in 
their  power  with  a  view  to  making  the  innovation  the  most 
complete  success,  and  it  may  be  stated  here  that  that  depart- 
ment has  fully  lived  up  to  its  promises,  and  to  it  is  much  of  the 
credit  due  of  making  the  New- York  ambulance  service  the  best 
in  the  world.      On  June  30,  the   Medical  Board  of  Bellevue 


JO  An  Account  of  Bellevuc  Hospital. 

held  the    first   examination    for  ambulance  surgeons,  and    in 
June,  1869,  the  ambulance  system  was  inaugurated. 

This  was  the  first  in  the  world  of  the  establishment  of  an 
ambulance  service  in  cities.  Bellevue,  in  this  regard,  preceded 
all  other  hospitals  by  eight  years.  The  New-York  and  Roose- 
velt Hospitals  followed  Bellevue's  lead  in  1877;  St.  Vincent's 


Bellevue    llusiJital  Ambulance  Nu.  3. 

in  1879;  and  the  Presbyterian  Hospital  in  1880.  Ambulances 
have  been  established  in  Paris,  in  London  and  one  or  two 
other  cities  in  England,  but  the  system  is  still  in  its  infancy 
outside  of  this  country. 

Soon  after  its  organization  the  ambulance  corps  was  put  to 
a  severe  test.  In  July,  1869,  a  serious  riot  occurred  in  Elm 
Park,  four  miles  from  the  hospital,  and  during  this  summer 
also  there  was  a  period  of  extreme  heat,  resulting  in  many 
cases  of  sunstroke,  and  lives  and  much  suffering  were  saved 
which  could  not  have  been  but  for  the  celerity  of  the  service. 
This  extraordinary  burden  fell  on  the  ambulance  department; 
the  system  was  found,  however,  to  work  with  perfect  smooth- 
ness, only  lacking  a  sufficient  force  to  cope  with  the  labors 
thrown  upon  it.  In  1870,  five  more  ambulances  and  horses 
were  added  to  the  force.  The  number  of  calls  responded  to 
from  Bellevue  in  this  year  was  1401,  and  from  the  Reception 
Hospital  in  Centre  Street  (opened  in  June,  1870)  41 1  were  an- 
swered. In  1 89 1  Bellevue  had  4392  ambulance  calls;  the  hos- 
pital having  the  next  largest  number  was  the  Chambers  Street 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  71 

Hospital,  with  3021  calls.  In  1892  there  were  4858  calls  made 
by  the  Bellevue  ambulances. 

There  are  two  surgeons  connected  with  the  Bellevue  corps. 
These  two  are  not  attached  to  the  house  staff  of  the  hospital, 
but  are  appointed  after  an  examination  as  to  their  ability  to 
diagnose  and  treat  cases  of  surgical  or  medical  emergency. 
In  recent  years,  and  until  last  spring,  these  surgeons  were  paid 
an  annual  salary;  but  in  lieu  of  this  they  are  now  permitted  to 
attend  the  service  on  the  surgical  side  of  the  house,  acting  in 
about  the  same  capacity  as  do  the  junior  assistants,  but,  as  has 
been  said  before,  they  are  not  in  the  line  of  promotion.  Their 
ambulance  duties  are  divided  in  this  manner:  when  a  call  is 
received  at  a  time  when  all  the  ambulances  are  in  the  stable, 
it  is  designated  a  "  first  call,"  and  the  surgeon  whose  duty  it  is 
to  respond  is  said  to  be  "on  first  call";  if,  on  the  other  hand,  a 
call  is  received  from  any  quarter  while  one  ambulance  is  away, 
it  is  a  "second  call,"  and  the  surgeon  who  responds  is  the  one 
"on  second  call";  a  "third  call"  is  quite  rare.  The  surgeon 
who  is  on  first  call  during  the  day  is  on  second  call  during  the 
night,  and  vice  versa.  Each  week  the  surgeons  change  again; 
the  one  who  is  on  first  call  in  the  daytime  in  one  week  being 
on  second  call  during  the  day  the  next  week. 

There  are  nine  ambulances  at  Bellevue,  eight  horses,  and 
four  drivers.  The  drivers  have  an  annual  salary  of  $500, 
besides  board  and  lodging.  The  examination  covering  their 
appointment  includes  questions  on  the  geography  of  the 
city,  with  special  reference  to  the  shortest  distances  from  one 
given  point  to  another.  An  ambulance  has  the  right  of  way 
over  all  other  vehicles  except  the  Fire  Department  apparatus 
and  the  United  States  mail  wagons.  The  ambulance  itself 
needs  but  little  description.  It  is  of  light  weight  (600  to  800 
pounds),  made  of  the  best  materials.  There  is  a  movable  floor 
that  can  be  drawn  out  to  receive  the  patient,  and  made  in  a 
way  to  permit  of  its  being  easily  and  thoroughly  cleaned,  and 
disinfected  if  need  be.  The  ambulance  carries  a  stretcher, 
splint  material,  cotton  and  oakum  for  packing,  etc.,  and  hand- 
cuffs and  strait-jacket  for  insane  patients  or  patients  of  a  demon- 


72  An  Account  of  Bcllevnc  Hospital. 

strative  disposition.     The  surgeon's  bag  contains  the  various 
necessaries  for  emergencies,  antiseptic  fluids,  gauze,  etc. 

Calls  are  received  over  the  telephone  and  telegraph  wires 
of  the  Police  and  Fire  departments.  When  a  call  for  one  am- 
bulance is  given  over  the  Fire  Department  wires,  the  number 
of  the  signal-box  whence  the  call  is  sent  is  preceded  by  twelve 
strokes  upon  the  fire-gong  in  every  ambulance  center  in  the 
city.  These  are  given  in  a  series  of  fours,  thus:  4-4-4,  fol- 
lowed by  the  station  number,  and  this  by  one  stroke  for  each 
ambulance  required.  This  is  a  "fire  call."  If  the  station  is 
on  the  border-line  between  two  hospital  districts,  every  effort 
is  made  by  the  ambulance  from  each  of  the  hospitals  to  reach 
the  spot  first. 

The  stables  are  situated  just  north  of  the  Twenty-eighth 
street  wing,  and  have  electric  connection  with  the  telephone 
oflFice  in  the  main  building.  The  "drop"  or  "snap"  harness 
is  used.  It  takes  from  thirty  seconds  to  two  and  a  half  min- 
utes to  respond  to  a  call,  and  an  ambulance  will  travel  at  the 
rate  of  a  mile  in  from  five  to  eight  minutes  in  the  business  dis- 
trict, and  from  three  and  a  half  to  six  minutes  in  the  less 
crowded  parts  of  the  city. 

The  ambulance  corps  under  the  direction  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Charities  and  Correction,  consists  of  fourteen  ambu- 
lances,—  nine  at  Bellevue,  two  at  the  Gouverneur  and  Harlem 
hospitals  respectively,  and  one  at  the  new  Fordham  Hospital. 
The  total  number  of  calls  answered  by  the  three  hospitals  first 
mentioned,  in  189 1,  was  8777.  This  department  transports  all 
the  hospital  cases  from  the  various  court  prisons  in  the  city. 

The  question  that  agitated  the  minds  of  the  members  of  the 
Medical  Board  in  the  year  1870  was  the  condition  of  the  sur- 
gical department.  While  the  hospital  as  a  whole  was  reported 
to  be  in  good  condition  (the  ratio  of  deaths  for  1870  was  13% 
of  the  cases  treated),  yet  the  results  in  cases  of  amputation 
and  of  compound  fractures  were  not  very  gratifying.  About 
this  time  (1870)  there  was  a  considerable  increase  in  the 
number  of  operations  performed,  and  also  in  the  number  of 
cases  of  severe  injury  admitted  ;  but  at  the  same  time  erysipe- 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 


11 


las  and  pyaemia  were  also  increasing  in  frequency,  and  were 
responsible  for  a  large  number  of  deaths  in  surgical  cases. 

A  pavilion  was  fitted  up  near  the  river  in  1870  for  the  re- 
ception of  compound  fracture  cases,  allowing  their  separation 
from  cases  of  suppuration  and  erysipelas  occurring  in  the  main 
building,  and  the  mortality  diminished  to  a  great  degree.      In 


Interior  of  Ambulance  Stables,  Looking  Toward  the  Stalls. 

1872  a  committee  was  appointed  by  the  Medical  Board  to  con- 
sider the  prevalence  of  erysipelas  and  pyaemia  in  the  hospital, 
and  to  recommend  means  for  prevention.  The  members  of 
this  were  Drs.  Sands,  Crane,  Janeway,  and  Gouley.  Their 
report  gives  several  tables  showing  the  relative  frequency  of 
these  diseases  for  the  preceding  eleven  years,  and  also  the  per- 
centage of  cases  of  these  to  the  number  of  cases  of  open  wounds 
admitted  into  the  hospital.  In  1871  there  were  one  hundred 
cases  of  erysipelas,  a  greater  number  than  in  any  other  of 
these  years,  except  1863,  when  the  number  was  one  hundred 
and  nine,  and  1864,  when  it  was  just  one  hundred.  In  1867 
there  were  only  thirty  cases,  but  the  disease  had  quite  steadily 


74  ^^^  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

increased,  so  that  while  the  average  for  the  three  years 
1866,  '6"],  '68,  inchisive,  was  56^^,  for  the  years  1869,  '70,  '/^  't 
was  91  ;    for  the  entire  eleven   years  the  average  was   77-^- 

Pyaemia  also  had  markedly  increased;  in  1861  there  were 
twenty  cases,  in  1862  none  were  recorded,  in  1866  but  five, 
while  in  1871  there  were  thirty-nine.  The  average  number  of 
cases  of  this  disease  for  the  two  periods  of  three  years  each 
just  mentioned  was  17 ]A,  and  30  respectively,  and  for  the 
entire  period  of  eleven  years,  i/^^f.  The  ratio  between  the 
cases  of  erysipelas  and  those  of  open  wounds,  while  much 
smaller  than  in  the  early  years  of  the  period,  had  been  on 
the  increase  for  the  last  four  years,  reaching  in  1871  22%. 
Pyaemia  had  increased  in  like  manner  from  2%  in  1866  to  9% 
in  1 87 1,  being  then  greater  than  in  any  other  year  except 
1861.^ 

This  would  not  be  a  very  handsome  showing  at  the  present 
day,  but  at  that  time  it  would  have  compared  favorably  with 
the  records  of  other  similar  institutions.  The  committee  was 
of  the  opinion  that  "  in  the  present  state  of  surgical  science 
the  hope  of  completely  eradicating  these  diseases  is  vain  and 
illusory."  The  measures  recommended  by  which  to  combat 
erysipelas  were  isolation,  good  sanitation,  and  careful  and 
cleanly  nursing. 

As  regards  pyaemia,  the  segregation  of  patients  sufifering 
from  accident  wounds,  together  with  cleanliness  and  the  anti- 
septic treatment  of  open  wounds,  would,  if  adopted,  surely  do 
away  with  this  disease  to  a  very  great  extent. 

Eight  years  elapsed.  The  report  of  the  Medical  Board  for 
1880  shows  that  out  of  a  total  of  1045  deaths,  two  were  from 
pyaemia,  four  from  septicaemia,  while  from  erysipelas  there 
were  none.  A  comparison  is  also  made  between  the  results 
obtained  in  the  treatment  of  compound  fractures  of  the  limbs 

1  "  New- York  Medical  Record,"  1872,  Vol.  VII.,  page  373.  In  these  tables  no  account 
is  taken  of  erysipelas  developed  in  the  hospital,  as  the  register  from  which  the  figures 
were  compiled  showed  only  cases  admitted  as  such,  and  the  deaths  from  that  disease  ; 
the  marked  increase  in  the  number  of  operations  performed,  and  of  severe  injuries  ad- 
mitted in  the  last  five  years  of  the  period  under  consideration,  must  be  taken  into  ac- 
count.    It  is  probable  that  pyaemia  had  been  overlooked  in  former  years. 


An  Account  of  Bellevtie  Hospital.  75 

in  1870  and  in  1880.  Exclusive  of  cases  in  which  the  skull 
was  also  fractured,  and  of  three  cases  which  ended  fatally 
within  thirty-six  hours  after  admission,  there  were  fifty-three 
of  such  cases  received  into  the  hospital  in  1880.  Thirteen 
of  these  were  treated  by  amputation ;  seven  of  these  were 
fractures  of  the  leg,  two  of  the  arm,  one  of  the  forearm,  and 
three  of  the  fingers.  Of  these  thirteen,  ten  recovered — a 
fraction  below  ']']%■  Forty  cases  among  which  fractures  of 
the  leg,  arm,  etc.,  were  in  about  the  same  proportion,  were 
treated  conservatively,  and  of  these  thirty-six  recovered,  or 
90% ;  of  the  number  which  ended  fatally,  however,  one  was 
not  due  to  hospital  conditions ;  the  other  three  all  occurred 
in  one  division  in  which  erysipelas  had  developed,  and  they 
had  been  treated  by  the  "  open  "  method  without  drainage. 
Compared  with  this  showing,  here  is  the  record  of  a  single 
division  in  1870.  Of  the  twenty-six  cases  admitted,  one  died 
within  two  hours  ;  fifteen  of  the  twenty-five  which  remained 
were  treated  by  amputation ;  of  these,  ten  recovered,  or 
66j4,%.  Of  the  ten  treated  conservatively,  three  were  frac- 
tures of  the  thigh ;  and  all  of  these  died.  Six  out  of  the  ten 
recovered,  or  60%.  A  most  significant  feature  of  this  com- 
parison is  the  great  difference  in  the  number  of  cases  in  which 
attempt  was  made  to  save  the  limb  in  the  latter  as  compared 
with  the  former  year  (40%  in  1870  and  over  75%  in  1880), 
this  being  directly  attributable  to  the  improvement  in  the  con- 
dition of  the  hospital,  and  in  the  method  of  treatment,  and  to 
a  factor  affecting  both  of  these,  namely,  the  great  change  in 
the  character  of  the  nursing. 

Contemporaneous  with  the  prevalence  of  erysipelas  and 
pyaemia,  puerperal  fever  appeared  in  fatal  form.  In  1870 
there  were  598  births  in  the  hospital,  and  33  deaths  occurred 
from  puerperal  peritonitis,  or  about  one  in  eighteen;  in  1873, 
449  births,  and  15  deaths  from  septic  infection,  or  one  in 
thirty.^ 

1  At  this  time  this  was  the  usual  proportion  of  septic  deaths  in  the  maternities  of  this 
•country  and  of  Europe. — William  T.  Lusk,  "Antisepsis  in  Midwifery,  "  Trans.  Assoc. 
Amer.  Phys.,  Vol.  V.,  page  83. 


76  All  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

Such  things  existing,  a  great  clamor  was  raised  in  1872-73 
against  Bellevue  Hospital.  It  had  become  totally  unfit  to  re- 
ceive and  house  the  sick.  As  a  hospital  it  was  worse  than 
useless  in  its  present  place  ;  the  old  walls  were  the  abiding- 
place  of  disease  and  death. 

Committees  from  the  city  authorities  visited  the  hospital  to 
report  upon  this  charnel-house.  It  is  related  that  some  of 
these  investigators  found  not  the  hideous  shapes  that  they 
imagined  dwelling  there ;  they  gazed  upon  the  walls,  and  see- 
ing no  "germs/'  they  went  away  satisfied  that  Bellevue  had 
been  painted  worse  than  it  was.  At  all  events,  the  reports 
were  unfavorable  to  the  project  of  removal. 

The  Medical  Board  took  occasion  at  this  time  to  remind  the 
commissioners  that  ever  since  the  day  when  Bellevue  went  into 
the  old  almshouse  building,  they  had  been  persistently  urging 
the  authorities  to  make  several  alterations  in  the  sanitary  ar- 
rangements, and  particularly  to  remove  the  plumbing  to  out- 
side the  wards,  and  to  allow  to  each  patient  1 200  cubit  feet  of 
air  space.  The  latter  change  had  just  been  effected  by  reducing 
the  number  of  beds  from  900  to  600,  thereby  giving  1 280  cubic 
feet  of  air  to  each  patient.  They  also  brought  forward  the 
question  of  the  establishment  of  pavilions  for  the  reception  of 
serious  surgical  cases. 

The  rate  of  mortality  in  Bellevue  Hospital  did  not  vary  much 
from  the  ratio  prevailing  in  the  other  large  general  hospitals  in 
this  country  and  in  Plurope  —  thus  in  1873  the  ratio  in  Belle- 
vue of  deaths  based  on  the  total  number  of  patients  was 
14.2  in  100;  in  1874,  14.08;  and  in  1875,  12.5.  In  1875  the 
rate  in  the  general  hospitals  in  London  ranged  from  7.2  in  the 
Royal  Free  Hospital,  to  12.7  in  King's  College;  in  the  Edin- 
burgh Royal  Infirmary  it  was  9.2,  and  in  the  Glasgow  Infir- 
mary 1 1.8  in  100.  The  mortality  in  amputation  cases  in  nine 
London  Hospitals  averaged  41 1  in  1000;  in  the  Royal  Infirm- 
ary at  Edinburgh  433  out  of  every  lOOO  of  these  cases  died. 
Again,  in  the  largest  lying-in  hospital  in  St.  Petersburg,  in 
which  about  2000  women  were  confined  in  a  year,  the  death- 
rate  in  1876  ranged  between  one  in  twenty  and  one  in  thirty. 


All  Accotmt  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  yj 

However,  in  1874,  puerperal  fever  took  on  an  epidemic 
character.  Between  January  i  and  June  11,  out  of  166  cases 
of  confinement  31  women  died  of  septic  infection.  But  even 
this  was  not  an  uncommon  occurrence  in  the  best-appointed 
maternities.'  The  errors  inherent  in  the  method  of  governing 
the  maternity  service  then  prevaihng,  were  fully  appreciated 
by  the  Medical  Board,  as  was  also  the  pressing  need  of  pro- 
viding a  remedy,  but  they  did  not  believe  that  the  evils  re- 
sided in  the  hospital  building  itself.  Nevertheless,  the  opinion 
of  those  least  capable  of  judging  prevailed,  and  the  lying-in 
service  was  taken  from  Bellevue.  The  obstetrical  department 
had  been  located  in  the  east  end  of  the  north  wing,  on  the 
upper  floor,  and  was  attached  to  both  the  medical  and  surgi- 
cal services,  the  junior  assistants  serving  one  month  as  senior 
assistants  in  the  obstetrical  division,  and  the  seniors  one  month 
as  house  physicians. 

Two  wooden  pavilions  were  erected  on  Blackwell's  Island 
and  attached  to  the  Charity  Hospital  staff,  and  the  lying-in 
department  was  transferred  to  them.  It  was  not  long,  how- 
ever, before  the  death-rate  in  the  pavilions  exceeded  that 
which  had  obtained  at  Bellevue,  and  they  also  were  aban- 
doned. After  this  transfer  to  the  island  was  made,  the  com- 
missioners arranged  with  several  private  establishments  to  re- 
ceive the  class  of  patients  who  first  come  into  hospital  after 
labor  has  begun.  This  lasted  but  a  short  time,  and  these  in- 
stitutions refused  to  receive  such  patients.  Thereupon  it  was 
ordered  that  these  women  be  taken  on  board  the  transfer  steam- 
boat. Here  many  were  confined  while  awaiting  transporta- 
tion, being  attended  by  one  of  the  staff,  and  one  of  the  nurses 
from  the  new  training  school,  but  no  other  provision  being 
made  for  them.  This  arrangement  continued  until  1877, 
when  the  attention  of  the  Grand  Jury  was  called  to  it,  and  as 
a  result  the  Emergency  Hospital  was  established. 

A  building  on  Twenty-sixth  street  between  Second  and 
Third  avenues,  which  had  been  used  as  an  engine-house  by 
the  Fire  Department,  was  fitted  up  as  a  lying-in  hospital,  and 

1  Lusk,  loc.  cit. 


78  An  Account  of  Bcllevue  Hospital. 

attached  to  the  Bellevue  service.  This  is  in  operation  to-day. 
On  the  ground  floor  are  two  rooms,  a  waiting-room  and  a 
kitchen  and  laundry.  On  the  second  floor  are  two  wards,  one 
where  the  women  are  confined,  the  other  for  their  subsequent 
reception.  An  addition  was  built  to  this  which  was  designed 
as  an  isolation  ward,  but  is  now  used  as  the  nurses'  room. 
The  hospital  is  under  the  supervision  of  Drs.  William  T.  Lusk 
and  William  M.  Polk  of  the  Bellevue  staff,  and  the  service  is 
assigned  in  rotation  for  six  weeks  at  a  time  to  the  four  medical 
divisions  of  Bellevue. 

While  on  duty  at  the  Emergency  the  internes  are  governed 
by  special  regulations;  they  are  not  allowed  to  be  present  at 
autopsies  or  to  visit  the  erysipelas  pavilion;  to  assist  at  surgi- 
cal operations  or  the  dressing  of  wounds.  The  head  nurse  is 
from  the  Bellevue  Training  School,  and  the  nurses  under  her 
direction  are  undergraduates  of  the  school. 

This  small  hospital  receives  the  worst  cases  of  neglected 
and  complicated  obstetrics  occurring  in  the  city;  cases  of  sep- 
sis and  cases  in  which  capital  operations  have  been  attempted 
already.  And  yet  the  records  may  be  placed  alongside  of 
those  of  the  best  maternities  in  the  land.  Between  1885  and 
1890,  837  confinements  took  place  in  its  wards;  of  these,  sixteen 
patients  died,  or  about  one  in  eighty-two.  But  of  these  deaths 
at  least  fourteen  could  not  in  any  way  be  ascribed  to  the  hos- 
pital; of  the  other  two,  one,  a  case  of  twin  pregnancy,  died  of 
puerperal  fever  following  a  prolonged  and  difficult  labor,  while 
the  record  of  the  other  has  been  lost.  For  the  two  years  end- 
ing December  31,  1892,  with  the  exception  of  the  last  six  days 
of  December,  there  have  been  345  deliveries  and  one  death. 
In  this  case  the  woman  was  admitted  in  a  dying  condition, 
suffering  from  eclampsia.  This  is  the  showing  of  an  institu- 
tion which,  judged  by  the  scientific  rules  governing  the  con- 
struction belonging  to  modern  maternity  architecture,  is  but 
a  makeshift  hospital,  but,  for  all  that,  in  it  modern  scientific 
midwifery  is  practised.^ 

i  A  detailed  account  of  the  methods  followed  may  be  found  in  the  paper 
(by.  Lusk  above  cited. 


A 71  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  79 

Neither  the  practice  of  antisepsis  nor  the  application  of 
modern  sanitary  laws — neither  of  these  nor  both  together 
could  have  brought  the  hospital  to  its  present  efficiency  if  it 
had  not  been  for  the  Bellevue  Training  School ;  indeed,  neither 
of  these  is  practicable  except  by  means  of  intelligent  agents. 
Prior  to  the  establishment  of  this  school,  the  nursing  of  the 
sick  was  scarcely  superior  to  a  pretense.  The  nurses,  or 
rather  those  employed  as  such,  were  nearly  without  exception 
to  the  last  degree  incompetent.  They  were  ignorant,  indif- 
ferent, dishonest ;  they  were  eye-servants.  Sairey  Gamp  and 
her  pardner  Mrs.  Prig  were  ubiquitous.  They  "  drank  fair," 
and  only  attended  to  their  patients  when  "  so  dispoged." 

This  state  of  things  had  grown  out  of  the  employment  of 
people  from  the  penitentiary  as  attendants,  nurses,  and  general 
helpers  about  the  hospital,  and  was  an  heirloom  from  the 
primitive  times  when  the  hospital  itself  was  only  an  economi- 
cal attachment  of  that  institution  and  the  poorhouse.  Most 
of  them  had  just  served  enforced  time  on  the  island,  and 
worked  without  pay  and  for  the  sake  of  the  board  and  lodging 
and  the  dishonest  perquisites  they  obtained. 

To  begin  the  reform  involved  the  difficulty  of  finding  women 
to  discharge  duties  which  in  the  estimation  of  most  were  no 
better  than  menial,  but  yet  which  needed  a  combination  of 
coolness  and  sympathy,  patience,  courage,  and  endurance, 
along  with  earnestness  of  purpose,  to  be  found  in  comparatively 
few.  But  such  were  at  last  found  who  have  been  willing  to 
subordinate  these  ideal  qualities  to  the  discharge  of  the  offices 
of  waiting  and  tending,  and  the  hospital,  not  to  say  the  people 
at  large,  is  reaping  year  by  year  the  benefits  resulting  from 
this  school. 

The  New-York  Training  School  for  Nurses  Attached  to 
Bellevue  Hospital  was  established  in  May,  1873,  under  the 
sanction  of  the  Medical  Board,  by  a  committee  of  ladies  of  the 
State  Charities  Aid  Association.  The  Training  School  Com- 
mittee secured  the  house  No.  314  East  Twenty-sixth  street  as 
a  home  for  the  nurses,  and  receiving  assurances  that  the  neces- 
sary changes  in  the  building  would  be  completed  by  May  i. 


8o  An  Account  of  Bellcviie  Hospital. 

they  agreed  to  begin  work  in  the  wards  on  that  date.  Mean- 
while they  were  making  every  effort  to  engage  a  competent 
person  to  act  as  superintendent,  and  it  was  only  after  much  in- 
quiry that  they  at  last  obtained  Miss  Helen  Bowdcn  of  the 
University  College  Hospital  of  London.  This  lady,  known  in 
England  as  Sister  Helen,  was  possessed  of  a  wide  experience 
in  matters  pertaining  to  hospital  nursing,  and  by  her  energy, 
tact,  and  superior  executive  ability  was  the  school  guided 
through  its  first  and  most  trying  period.  She  was  ably  sec- 
onded by  her  assistant.  Miss  Van  Rensselaer. 

The  standard  of  qualifications  was  placed  high,  and  although 
there  was  not  the  large  number  of  applications  for  admission 
looked  for  by  the  managers,  the  standard  was  not  lowered. 
Only  four  applicants  appeared  for  the  position  of  Head  Nurse, 
and  Sister  Helen  accepted  only  three  of  them.  Twenty-nine 
sought  admission  to  the  school  during  the  first  seven  months, 
and  ten  of  these  were  rejected.  The  Board  of  Managers,  of 
which  Mrs.  William  H.  Osborn  was  chairman,  and  Mrs.  A.  P. 
Woodworth  the  secretary,  received  in  this  year  donations 
to  the  school,  from  many  of  the  open-handed  citizens  of  New- 
York,  to  the  amount  of  over  $22,000,  and  many  of  the  neces- 
saries for  furnishing  the  home  besides.  In  1874  the  trained 
nurses  were  placed  in  the  lying-in  department ;  it  was  at  the 
beginning  of  the  puerperal  fever  epidemic,  however,  and  this 
department  was  soon  abolished.  During  this  year  four  more 
wards  were  placed  in  charge  of  Sister  Helen,  making  nine  in 
all, — to  wit,  three  female  medical,  and  three  male  and  three  fe- 
male surgical  wards.  Out  of  118  applicants  this  year,  but 
twenty-nine  were  accepted,  and  only  twenty  of  these  remained 
longer  than  the  probation  month.  The  first  class  was  gradu- 
ated in  1875.  It  included  six  nurses,  and  one  of  these  went 
as  superintendent  to  the  Boston  Training  School,  then  just 
established. 

Such  is  the  origin  of  the  Bellevue  School,  the  mother  of 
training  schools  in  this  country.  The  aim  of  the  founders  of 
this  school  was  twofold, —  first,  to  improve  the  condition  of  the 
hospital  sick,  and  second,  to  utilize  the  hospital  as  a  clinical 


"^ 


w. 


I 


South  \'icu"  ijf  Alculmlic  I'aNilion. 


Male  Medical  Ward. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  8i 

school  for  instruction  in  the  art  of  nursing  the  sick  among 
the  rich  and  the  poor  alike.  These  two  objects  they  have 
achieved.  The  great  improvements  that  have  been  brought 
about  in  general  hospital  practice  in  the  last  twenty  or  thirty 
years,  must  be  in  large  measure  credited  to  the  efforts  of  Flor- 
ence Nightingale  in  England,  and  the  managers  of  Bellevue 
School  in  this  country.  The  occupation  of  the  nurse  is  now 
a  noble  one,  and  the  sphere  of  woman's  usefulness  has  been 
enlarged. 

In  1876  Sister  Helen  was  forced,  on  account  of  ill  health,  to 
return  to  England,  where  she  is  still  living,  and  Miss  Van 
Rensselaer  also  was  obliged  to  leave.  The  managers  accepted 
these  losses  with  deep  regret.  The  school  then  came  under 
the  superintendency  of  Miss  E.  P.  Perkins,  under  whose  care  it 
flourished  for  twelve  years,  when  in  1888  she  also  retired. 
The  present  superintendent.  Miss  Agnes  S.  Brennan,  who  was 
appointed  on  the  retirement  of  Miss  Perkins,  is  an  alumna  of 
the  school  of  the  class  of  1882,  and  had  been  Miss  Perkins's 
assistant  for  four  years.  Miss  Anna  W.  Kerr,  of  the  class  of 
1 89 1,  is  assistant  superintendent.  The  president  of  the  Board 
of  Managers  is  Mrs.  William  Preston  Griffin.  The  Nurses' 
Home  is  now  situated  close  to  the  hospital  grounds  on  the 
south  side  of  Twenty-sixth  street.  It  was  purchased  by  Mrs. 
William  H.  Osborn,  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  and  leased  to 
the  school  in  1878.  The  number  of  nurses  in  the  school  is 
sixty-four.  During  the  past  year  1 860  applications  were  made, 
and  out  of  these  thirty-nine  were  accepted  on  probation.  It  is 
easily  seen  from  these  figures  that  none  but  the  very  best  were 
chosen.  The  course  of  instruction  extends  through  two  years. 
An  applicant  is  accepted  only  upon  a  month's  probation  ;  at 
the  end  of  that  time,  if  she  is  acceptable  to  the  superintendent, 
she  becomes  a  pupil  of  the  school  and  pledges  herself  to  re- 
main for  the  full  term  of  two  years.  At  the  end  of  a  year,  af- 
ter passing  an  examination  conducted  by  members  of  the  house 
staff,  she  is  eligible  for  the  position  of  head  nurse,  the  best  of 
the  class  being  chosen  for  this  important  post.  One  of  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  a  head  nurse  is  the  training  of  the  pupil  nurses 


82  A?i  Account  of  Bellcvtie  Hospital. 

placed  under  her.  The  nurses  are  trained  in  the  care  of  men, 
women,  and  children,  in  medical,  surgical,  gynaecological,  and 
obstetrical  cases,  through  all  the  vast  range  of  diseases  that 
are  admitted  to  Bellevue.  The  curriculum  includes,  beside 
bedside  instruction  by  the  medical  and  surgical  staff  of  the 
hospital,  didactic  teaching  by  a  corps  of  lecturers  and  by  the 
assistant  superintendent,  in  anatomy,  physiology,  materia  med- 
ica,  and  practical  nursing.  At  the  end  of  two  years  a  pupil  is 
graduated  a  trained  nurse,  among  the  best  in  her  profession. 
Up  to  the  present  time  (1893)  421  nurses  have  been  gradu- 
ated. The  school  is  constantly  receiving  requests  to  furnish 
superintendents  or  matrons  of  hospitals  the  world  over.  Since 
the  time  a  graduate  of  the  initial  class  was  made  superintendent 
of  the  Boston  Training  School,  many  others  of  the  alumnai 
have  accepted  positions  of  a  similar  kind.  Every  training 
school  for  nurses,  of  any  importance,  in  this  country  to-day 
has  been  organized  under  tlie  direction  of  graduates  of  the 
Bellevue  School.  The  New- York  Hospital  School  was  thus 
begun,  and  the  Mount  Sinai  Hospital  Training  School  likewise  ; 
and  the  nursing  in  many  of  the  large  hospitals  in  the  country 
is  now  under  the  superintendence  of  Bellevue  graduates. 
Among  them  may  be  mentioned  the  City  (formerly  Charity) 
Hospital,  and  the  Hospital  for  the  Ruptured  and  Crippled,  in 
this  city;  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Baltimore;  both  Cook 
County  and  St.  Luke's,  Chicago,  and  Indianapolis  and  Wash- 
ington hospitals  also.  An  alumna  of  Bellevue  was  chosen 
from  among  many  competitors,  for  the  position  of  matron  of 
the  Lying-in  Hospital,  London,  England;  others  have  gone  to 
Japan,  China,  Turkey,  and  the  list  might  be  extended  still 
further. 

In  1882  St.  Paul's  Home  for  Trained  Nurses  was  established 
in  Rome,  Italy,  where  American  or  English  nurses  might  be 
obtained  by  travelers  from  these  countries  when  taken  ill 
abroad.     It  is  now  under  the  care  of  a  Bellevue  nurse. 

On  Christmas  Day,  1887,  Mr.  D.  O.  Mills  presented  to  the 
Department  of  Public  Charities  and  Correction  a  sum  of 
money  to  erect  and  establish  a  school  for  the  training  of  male 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  83 

nurses.  The  commissioners  set  aside  a  plot  on  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  Bellevue  grounds,  and  by  December,  1888,  the 
building  was  completed.  It  was  opened  for  the  reception  of 
pupil  nurses  on  December  17  of  that  year,  and  placed  under 
the  supervision  of  the  female  training  school.  The  five  wards 
allotted  to  it  were  each  put  in  charge  of  one  of  the  graduates 
of  the  latter  school,  and  the  first  pupils  were  taught  by  them. 
This  continued  until  the  first  class  was  graduated,  except  that 
in  June,  1889,  Mrs.  A.  S.  Willard,  an  alumna  of  the  female 
training  school  of  the  class  of  1887,  was  placed  in  full  control 
as  superintendent,  a  position  which  she  still  holds.  The  entire 
male  side  of  the  hospital,  with  the  exception  of  the  insane 
patients,  is  under  the  care  of  these  male  nurses.  The  course 
of  instruction  extends  over  a  period  of  two  years.  The 
alumni  now  number  thirty-five,  each  of  whom  holds  a  diploma 
signed  by  the  Board  of  Commissioners  and  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers of  the  school.^ 

This  period  of  the  hospital's  history  also  has  its  record  of 
epidemic  disease  among  the  members  of  the  staff. 

In  1869-70  there  occurred  in  this  city  a  large  number  of 
cases  of  that  disease  which  rarely  appears  in  this  country — 
relapsing  or  famine  fever;  so  large  a  number  that  a  special 
temporary  hospital  was  established  on  Hart's  Island  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1870."  Many  cases  were  admitted  into  Bellevue  and 
treated  in  the  general  wards.  Six  members  of  the  staff  con- 
tracted the  disease ;  every  one,  however,  recovered. 

Once  more,  in  1880,  typhus  fever  developed  in  the  hospital. 
A  very  large  number  of  cases  occurred  in  the  city,  and  some 
were  inadvertently  admitted  into  Bellevue,  but  were  imme- 
diately transferred  to  the  Riverside  Hospital  for  infectious 
diseases,  then  on  Blackwell's  Island.  Nevertheless,  one  mem- 
ber of  the  staff  was  stricken  down,  and  barely  escaped  with 

1  The  commissioners  also  maintain  a  training  school  for  male  nurses  in  connection 
with  the  City  Hospital.     This  was  organized  in  1887. 

2  From  February  to  August,  1870,  during  which  time  this  hospital  was  open,  1673 
cases  of  this  disease  were  admitted.  The  percentage  of  deaths  was  6.87.  Two  mem- 
bers of  the  medical  staff,  seven  of  the  nurses  and  orderlies,  and  many  of  the  other  at- 
tendants took  the  disease  ;  two  nurses  and  one  orderly  succumbed. 


84  An  Account  of  Belleviie  Hospital. 

his  life.      He  was  isolated  in  the  then  new  Sturges  pavilion, 
and  his  colleagues  on  the  stafif  nursed  him  b>'  turns. 

The  only  time  in  the  history  of  the  hospital  when  fire  oc- 
curred to  any  serious  extent  was  in  1879.  About  eleven 
o'clock  on  the  night  of  December  6,  the  nurse  in  wards  31 
and  32  located  in  a  pavilion  which  stood  on  the  site  of  the 
present  Marquand,  and  which  contained  women  and  children, 
discovered  fire.  She  quickly  gave  the  alarm,  but  with  such 
rapidity  did  the  flames  advance  that  they  could  not  be  checked, 
and  the  building,  which  was  of  wood,  was  almost  entirely  de- 
stroyed. Four  lives  were  lost  by  this  disaster — three  children 
were  suffocated  by  the  smoke  and  one  woman  died  from 
shock,  after  removal.     The  cause   of  the  fire   was  unknown. 

It  remains  but  to  describe  Bellevue  Hospital  as  it  appears 
at  the  present  day.  On  entering  the  grounds  through  the 
substantial  gate-house  on  the  Twenty-sixth  street  side  mid- 
way between  First  Avenue  and  the  East  River,  one  sees  be- 
fore him  the  main  building,  three  of  the  six  pavilions  be- 
longing to  the  institution,  the  building  of  the  Out-Door 
Department,  and  on  looking  directly  through  the  archway 
under  the  north  wing,  the  ambulance  stables.  By  ascending 
the  steps  of  the  main  building  on  the  side  of  the  hospital 
which  faces  the  river,  the  visitor  enters  the  main  hall  which 
runs  through  the  building  from  east  to  west.  Directly  in  front 
is  the  main  stairway.  A  second  and  narrower  hall  crosses 
the  main  one  at  right  angles  immediately  in  front  of  the  stair- 
way, connecting  the  two  wings  of  the  hospital.  On  the 
right  of  the  main  hall,  close  to  the  entrance,  is  the  Medical 
Board  room.  In  this  room  is  the  tablet  erected  by  the  com- 
missioners to  the  memory  of  those  members  of  the  house  staff 
who  died  in  the  discharge  of  duty.  Directly  opposite  this 
room,  on  the  left  of  the  entrance,  are  the  warden's  office  and 
the  telephone  office. 

Two  memorial  tablets  have  been  placed  in  the  wall  in 
the  main  hall  on  the  right  —  one  to  Valentine  Mott,  and  the 
other  to  the  memory  of  Austin  Flint.  On  the  left  is  the  ros- 
ter   of  the  medical   and  surgical  staff.      On  the  right  of  the 


Office  and  Private  Laboratory  of  the  Chief  of  tlie  General  Drug  Department. 


An  Acconnt  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 


85 


stairway  is  the  doctors'  dining-room,  and  on  the  left  the  ele- 
vator. All  that  part  of  the  building  to  the  south  of  the  mid- 
dle house  is  devoted  to  the  medical  and  gynaecological  de- 
partments, and  all  that  part  which  lies  to  the  northward,  with 
the  exception  of  two  wards,  to  the  surgical  department.  On 
the  main  floor,  to  the  south  and  west,  lie,  first,  the  two  male 


]      )g.FAfVrMg.NT-) PUBLIC  [HAFUTIEi  —  QafM^ECTH 


Ground  Plan  of  the  Main  Building. 


wards  (Nos.  26  and  27)  of  the  First  Medical  Division,  and 
next,  the  two  female  wards  of  the  Fourth  Medical  Division, 
No,  28  general  medical,  and  No.  29  gynaecological.  From 
the  latter  the  Townsend  pavilion,  which  lies  to  the  westward, 
is  reached  by  a  covered  passageway.  Immediately  above 
this  floor  are  the  four  wards  of  the  Second  Medical  Division, 
from  within  outward  wards  25  and  24  male,  and  22  and  23 

6a 


86  All  Accoiuit  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

general  female  and  gynaecological  respectively.  A  covered 
way  leads  from  ward  22  to  the  Lazarus  rooms  on  the  east  end 
of  the  Marquand  pavilion,  and  from  ward  23  to  the  Dehon  an- 
nex, on  the  west  end  of  the  same  pavilion.  On  the  floor  above 
the  Second  is  the  Third  Medical  Division,  wards  18  and  19 
male,  and  21  and  20  gynaecological  and  general  medical  female 
respectively. 

Passing  now  to  the  surgical  side :  On  the  main  floor  are  the 
wards  of  the  First  Surgical  Division.  Beginning  at  the  extreme 
east  end  of  the  north  wing,  are  ward  i  for  women  and  chil- 
dren, and  wards  2,  3,  and  4  for  men.  To  the  westward  of 
ward  4  is  a  ward  for  males.  No.  5  of  the  Fourth  Surgical 
Division,  while  to  the  southward  of  ward  4,  toward  the  middle 
house,  is  ward  6,  one  of  two  male  wards  of  the  Fourth  Medi- 
cal Division.  On  the  floor  above  this  is  the  Second  Surgical 
Division.  Beginning  again  at  the  extreme  east  end,  come 
wards  7,  8,  9,  and  10,  the  first  one  for  women  and  children, 
and  the  others  for  men.  To  the  westward  of  ward  10  and 
directly  over  ward  5,  is  another  male  ward  of  the  Fourth  Sur- 
gical Division,  ward  ii.  On  the  floor  above  is  the  Third 
Surgical  Division,  wards  16,  15,  14,  and  13,  the  first  one  being 
for  women  and  children,  and  the  others  for  men.  To  the  west- 
ward of  ward  13  is  ward  12  of  the  Fourth  Surgical  Division, 
for  women  and  children,  while  to  the  southward  of  ward  13, 
toward  the  middle  house,  is  the  other  male  ward  of  the  Fourth 
Medical  Division,  ward  17;  the  third  male  ward  of  the  P'ourth 
Surgical  Division  is  ward  30,  which  is  on  the  ground  floor  of 
the  north  wing,  under  ward  i. 

Each  ward  contains  on  an  average  twenty  beds,  and  is  under 
the  charge  of  a  head  nurse  and  two  subordinate  nurses,  one  of 
the  senior  and  one  of  the  junior  class.  The  head  nurse  remains 
in  the  same  ward  for  a  period  of  six  months,  while  the  others 
are  changed  about  every  two  or  three  weeks.  The  day-nurses 
are  on  duty  from  8  A.  M.  to  8  P.  M.,  with  an  hour  or  two  inter- 
mission for  each.  The  night-nurses  have  each  two  wards,  and 
are  under  the  orders  of  the  night  superintendent  of  nursing. 

At  the  first  mezzanine  landing  of  the  main  stairway  above 


An  Account  of  Bellevtie  Hospital.  87 

the  hall  is  the  entrance  to  the  new  chapel,  which  is  situated  on 
the  First  Avenue  front  .of  the  main  building.  On  the  third 
floor  of  the  middle  house,  directly  over  the  board  room  and 
warden's  office,  are  the  warden's  dwelling-rooms,  with  win- 
dows opening  on  the  river-side.  On  the  same  floor,  on  the 
First  Avenue  side,  directly  over  the  doctors'  dining-room,  is 
the  warden's  dining-room,  and  next  to  that,  over  ward  6,  are 
the  offices  of  the  superintendent  of  the  training  school  for 
female  nurses,  who  is  also  the  matron  of  the  hospital.  The 
two  floors  of  the  middle  house  above  this  are  devoted  to  the 
doctors,  and  are  styled  "Doctors'  Hall." 

All  of  the  doctors'  rooms  except  two  overlook  the  river ; 
each  room  has  a  private  bathroom  connected  with  it,  with  all 
the  latest  improvements  in  plumbing.  These  bathrooms  have 
just  been  added.  It  may  be  stated  here  that  the  plumbing  of 
the  whole  hospital  is  in  the  best  of  order.  It  is  all  placed  in  a 
series  of  towers,  erected  in  connection  with  different  parts  of 
the  main  building,  and  has  been  renovated  within  the  last  two 
years  on  the  latest  sanitary  plans. 

In  the  dome  is  the  new  amphitheater,  which,  with  one 
exception, —  the  new  Syms  Operating  Theater  attached  to  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, —  is  far  superior  to  any- 
thing of  the  kind  in  this  city,  perhaps  in  the  country.  It  was 
erected  in  1890  by  the  commissioners,  at  an  expense  of  about 
$25,000.  The  entire  interior  of  the  old  amphitheater  (built  in 
1 871)  was  torn  out  to  the  masonry,  and  the  new  theater  is 
planned  on  a  much  smaller  scale,  leaving  considerable  space 
external  to  it,  which  is  divided  up  into  the  various  rooms  de- 
lineated in  the  diagram.  This  theater  has  a  seating  capacity 
of  nearly  300,  and  is  so  arranged  that  every  student  at  a  clinic 
has  a  clearer  view  of  what  is  being  done  in  the  arena.  The 
front  wall  of  the  theater,  facing  the  river,  is  entirely  of  glass, 
giving  the  best  of  light.  The  floor  of  the  arena  is  of  asphalt, 
and  it  slopes,  so  that  it  can  be  washed  down  with  a  hose. 
The  Medical  Board  is  about  to  place  in  the  amphitheater  two 
bronze  mural  tablets  to  the  memory  of  deceased  members  of 
the  consulting  and  visiting  boards. 


88  An  Account  of  Belleviie  Hospital. 

In  the  northwest  corner  of  this  floor  is  the  Crane  operating- 
room.  This  was  a  gift  from  Mrs.  Mary  Crane  Mills,  through 
Dr.  Lusk,  in  memory  of  her  father,  Dr.  John  J.  Crane,  for- 
merly one  of  the  visiting  surgeons  to  Bellevue.  Platforms 
placed  at  difTerent  heights  afford  standing-room  for  thirty  to 
forty  observers.  The  entire  north  wall  of  the  room  is  also  of 
glass.  The  room  is  furnished  with  a  glass  operating-table,  a 
large  combination  galvanic  and  faradic  battery,  and  iron  and 
glass  stands  for  instruments.  It  also  has  an  asphalt  floor.  On 
the  ground  floor  of  the  hospital,  to  the  left  of  the  entrance,  is 
the  general  admission  office,  and  in  connection  with  it  the 
"  dressing"  office.  This  is  in  charge  of  the  surgeon  on  office 
duty  for  the  week,  and  is  in  the  care  of  one  of  the  female 
nurses.  It  is  the  ofiice  where  all  such  minor  surgical  cases 
are  treated  that  have  no  need  to  remain  in  the  hospital.  Next 
to  this  is  the  store-room  and  clothes-room.  In  the  latter,  all 
articles  of  apparel  belonging  to  patients,  that  are  not  abso- 
lutely worthless,  are  kept  and  returned  to  the  owners  upon 
their  discharge.  All  money  and  otlier  valuables  are  kept  in 
the  safe  in  the  warden's  office. 

On  the  ground  floor  of  the  southwest  wing  are  dormitories 
for  the  help,  also  the  male  alcoholic  cells.  The  drug-store  is 
on  the  right  of  the  main  entrance  to  this  floor,  and  in  the 
northwest  wing  are  more  dormitories  and  the  cells  for  alco- 
holic females. 

In  the  basement  of  the  northeast  wing,  under  ward  30,  is 
the  lodging-house  for  males  and  females.  This  place  is  in- 
tended for  such  as  apply  for  hospital  care  after  the  transfer  boat 
to  Blackwell's  Island  has  left  on  its  last  trip  for  the  day,  and 
that  are  not  fit  patients  for  Bellevue.  Here  also  are  kept  those 
unfortunates  who  apply  at  the  hospital  for  a  night's  lodging. 

There  are  eight  pavilions  and  annex  wards  attached  to  the 
hospital.  Five  of  these  are  the  gifts  of  private  citizens.  The 
first  one  was  built  in  1879.  It  is  the  gift  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
W.  H.  Osborn  of  this  city,  and  is  called  the  Sturges  pavilion. 
It  is  located  on  a  site  south  of  the  northeast  wing,  in  close 
proximity  and  running  parallel  to  it.     The  building  is  of  brick, 


Manufacturing  Laboratory  in  the  General  Drug  Department. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 


89 


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90  A  71  Account  of  Be  I  lev  ue  Hospital. 

one  story  in  hei<jht,  with  a  mansard  roof.  It  has  two  wards, 
but  as  it  is  intended  principally  for  a  particular  class  of  cases, 
one  ward  is  much  larger  than  the  other.  The  male  ward  takes 
up  about  two  thirds  of  the  building,  being  30  feet  wide  and 
100  feet  long.  At  the  rear  of  this  ward  is  a  wide  piazza  over- 
looking the  river. 

The  female  ward  is  to  the  right  of  the  entrance,  17  feet 
wide  by  27^  feet  long.  Opposite  this  ward  are  the  kitchen 
and  the  nurses'  room.  The  intentions  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Osborn 
in  presenting  this  building  have  been  strictly  adhered  to.  All 
cases  upon  which  a  capital  operation  has  been  performed  are 
transferred  here  and  placed  under  the  care  of  the  female  nurses. 
There  is  also  one  of  the  old  orderlies  in  attendance  who  acts 
under  their  direction.  The  female  ward  is  used  principally  for 
laparotomy  operations. 

The  next  pavilion  was  erected  by  the  commissioners,  and  is 
in  outward  appearance  somewhat  like  the  Sturges.  For  many 
years  prior  to  1 879,  all  cases  of  suspected  insanity  were  admitted 
to  the  two  basement  wards  of  the  hospital  known  as  the  "alco- 
holic cells,"  regardless  of  the  degree  of  mental  impairment. 

The  impossibility  of  properly  caring  for  these  cases  in  such 
surroundings  was  early  recognized.  It  was  seen  that  a  serious 
wrong  was  being  done  the  insane  by  throwing  them  in  contact 
with  cases  of  delirium  tremens,  with  inebriates,  and  often  with 
the  criminal  class.  After  much  agitation  of  the  matter  an  ap- 
propriation was  made,  and  a  pavilion  was  built  for  the  recep- 
tion of  these  cases.  This  pavilion,  known  as  the  Insane  pavilion, 
was  opened  on  June  21,  1879.  It  is  located  on  a  site  parallel 
with  the  Sturges,  near  the  Twenty-sixth  street  side  of  the 
grounds.  A  wide  corridor  runs  the  entire  length  of  the  in- 
terior in  the  center,  and  there  are  twenty-four  rooms  or  cells 
opening  from  it.  The  building  is  divided  into  two  wards  by 
sliding  iron  doors,  one  ward  being  for  male  and  the  other  for 
female  patients.  These  wards  are  intended  only  for  patients 
whose  sanity  is  in  question,  where  they  may  be  kept  under  ob- 
servation until  the  proper  commitment  papers  can  be  made  out 
for  their  transfer  to  other  institutions. 


An  Accoicnt  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  91 

The  great  majority  of  the  patients  admitted  belong  to  the 
laboring  class,  but  many  persons  of  wealth  and  refinement  are, 
from  force  of  circumstances,  brought  to  this  pavilion.  Patients 
are  admitted  upon  the  commitment  of  a  police  justice,  upon 
permits  granted  by  the  superintendent  of  the  Out-door  Poor, 
or  the  examining  physician  of  the  Department  of  Public  Char- 
ities and  Correction,  or  upon  being  brought  by  ambulance  with 
the  diagnosis  of  insanity.  Patients  from  the  hospital  wards,  or 
those  brought  by  friends  without  permits,  are  only  admitted 
after  examination  by  the  physician  in  charge  and  with  his 
consent.  The  number  admitted  yearly  has  largely  increased 
since  the  opening  of  the  pavilion.  From  June  21,  1879,  to 
January  i,  1880,  403  patients  were  admitted,  while  for  the  year 
ending  October  i,  1892,  the  total  number  of  admissions  was 
2103.  The  largest  proportion  of  these  (1528)  were  transferred 
to  the  City  Asylum. 

Prior  to  1 874  the  insane  were  visited  by  a  physician  ap- 
pointed for  the  purpose,  who  directed  the  transfer  of  those  pa- 
tients that  he  considered  proper  cases  for  confinement  in  an 
asylum.  On  the  passage  of  the  laws  of  1874,  however,  relative 
to  the  commitment  of  the  insane,  it  became  necessary  to  have 
each  case  examined  by  two  physicians,  called  Examiners  in 
Lunacy,  who  made  out  the  necessary  certificates.  This  still 
continues  in  force.  In  March,  1886,  Dr.  A.  E.  Macdonald,  who 
was  then  the  Medical  Superintendent  of  the  New- York  City 
Asylum  for  the  Insane,  was  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Com- 
missioners of  Public  Charities  and  Correction,  General  Super- 
intendent of  the  asylums  in  their  department,  and  the  pavilion 
for  the  insane  at  Bellevue  was  included  among  the  institutions 
coming  under  his  supervision,  though  still  attached  to  Bellevue 
Hospital.  The  Medical  Board  of  the  hospital,  at  a  meeting 
held  on  December  i,  1887,  resolved  that  one  physician  from 
each  medical  division  should  visit  the  pavilion  for  three  months 
in  turn,  beginning  with  the  fourth  division.  Besides  all  this 
supervision,  there  is  the  constant  attendance  of  the  house 
doctor.  The  care  of  the  insane  was  administered  by  the  medi- 
cal divisions  of  the   hospital    previous    to    1882,  each    house 


92  A?i  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

physician  serving  for  six  weeks  at  a  time.  The  number  of  the 
insane  kept  constantly  increasing,  and  to  avoid  the  confusion 
incident  to  a  frequent  change,  it  was  determined  to  appoint  a 
resident  physician  to  serve  on  an  annual  salary,  which  was  done 
on  November  19,  1882.  He  is  known  as  the  Resident  Phy- 
sician in  charge  of  the  department  of  mental  diseases.' 

In  March,  1886,  the  training  school  agreed  to  supply  two 
day  and  two  night  nurses  to  the  female  ward  of  the  pavilion, 
in  order  that  the  nurses  might  receive  the  benefits  of  a  training 
in  the  care  of  the  insane.  The  training  school  was  to  receive 
the  same  compensation  for  these  nurses  as  for  those  in  the 
general  wards.  This  continued  for  three  years,  when,  on  ac- 
count of  a  disagreement  between  the  Board  of  Managers  of 
the  training  school  and  the  commissioners,  in  regard  to  an 
increase  of  money  paid  to  the  school,  the  nurses  were  with- 
drawn by  the  school,  although  the  commissioners  made  stren- 
uous efforts  to  retain  them.  The  vacancies  thus  caused  were 
filled  by  trained  attendants  from  the  New -York  City  Lunatic 
Asylum  on  Blackwcll's  Island.  A  special  female  attendant 
was  appointed  in  October,  1889,  for  the  purpose  of  taking 
charge  of  all  insane  women  while  in  transit  to  the  various  in- 
stitutions to  which  they  have  been  committed.  There  are  now 
five  female  and  four  male  attendants,  all  of  whom  are  trained 
at  the  City  Asylum  before  being  appointed  to  the  pavilion. 

The  Marquand  pavilion  came  next  in  order.  It  was  erected 
in  1883  by  Messrs.  F.  and  H.  Marquand,  in  memory  of  their 
brother,  Josiah  Penfield  Marquand.  This  pavilion  was  placed 
on  the  site  of  the  one  which  had  been  destroyed  by  fire  four 
years  before.  It  is  of  brick,  one  story  in  height,  and  it  contains 
one  large  ward,  one  half  of  this  being  for  women  and  the 
other  half  for  children.  This  ward  is  attached  to  the  First 
Medical  Division.  In  the  rear  of  the  ward  are  a  kitchen  and 
rooms  for  isolation  purposes  in  doubtful  cases  of  childrens' 
diseases. 

In  April,  1887,  Mrs.  Richard  H.  L.  Townsend,  of  this  city, 
presented  to  the  hospital  a  pavilion  called  the  "Townsend 
pavilion."     It  is   situated  just  opposite   the  west  end  of  the 

1  For  names  of  all  these  officers,  see  the  catalogue. 


Interior  of  the  Sturges  Pavilion. 


Interior  of  the  Marquand  Pavilion. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  93 

south  wing  of  the  hospital,  and  is  connected  with  the  latter  by 
a  covered  way  opening  into  ward  29.  It  has  a  frontage  on 
First  Avenue  of  70  feet,  being  of  smaller  size  than  either 
of  the  pavilions  previously  mentioned.  It  is  attached  to  the 
gynaecological  department  of  the  Fourth  Medical  Division. 
It  is  built  of  brick,  with  blue  stone  trimmings,  and  is  two 
stories  high ;  on  the  First  Avenue  side  there  is  a  mural  tablet 
bearing  the  motto  of  the  King's  Daughters,  "  In  His  Name." 
The  interior  is  divided  into  operating,  patients',  and  nurses' 
rooms.      It  is  under  the  special  care  of  Mrs.  Townsend. 

The  next  addition  was  the  gift  of  Miss  M.  H.  Dehon,  of  this 
city.  In  1890,  at  a  cost  of  $6000,  Miss  Dehon  built  upon  the 
west  end  of  the  Marquand  pavilion  a  suite  of  seven  rooms  and 
an  operating-room  which  is  attached  to  the  Second  Medical 
Division,  and  connected  with  ward  23  (until  recently  ward  22) 
by  a  covered  way.      It  is  known  as  "The  Annex." 

The  operating-room  is  arranged  for  the  best  light,  and  has 
all  necessary  furnishings  ;  the  annex  is  carefully  looked  after, 
and  its  every  want  promptly  supplied  by  Miss  Dehon. 

In  the  spring  of  1891,  Miss  Josephine  Lazarus,  of  this  city, 
proposed  to  the  managers  and  the  Alumnae  Society  of  the 
Training  School  for  Female  Nurses  to  provide  accommodations 
for  such  as  fell  ill  among  the  graduates  of  the  school,  and  who 
heretofore  had  been  compelled  to  go  to  other  hospitals.  The 
managers  and  the  alumnae  gratefully  accepted  Miss  Lazarus's 
offer,  and  the  commissioners  granted  permission  to  build  four 
rooms  on  the  east  end  of  the  Marquand  pavilion.  These  were 
accordingly  built  and  handed  over  to  the  Alumnae  Society  in 
the  spring  of  last  year  (1892).  The  commissioners  in  giving 
their  consent  made  the  proviso  "  That  the  city  should  be  at 
no  expense,"  so  now  when  a  nurse  falls  ill  she  provides  her 
own  attending  nurse.  The  members  of  the  Alumnae  Society 
established,  last  fall,  a  sick-fund,  and  each  one  agrees  to  pay 
toward  it  $4.00  a  year,  and  to  this  has  been  added  a  gift  of 
Mrs.  M.  K.  Jesup  of  $5000  in  memory  of  her  sister,  Mrs. 
Cuyler,  who  was  for  many  years  the  secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Managers  of  the  school. 


94  -^^^  Account  of  Bellevtie  Hospital. 

During  the  past  few  years  many  alterations  and  improve- 
ments have  been  made  in  Bellevue  by  the  commissioners,  and 
are  still  making,  with  a  view  to  rendering  the  building  as  safe 
as  possible  from  the  danger  of  fire,  and,  in  a  sanitary  point  of 
view,  free  from  any  defect.  The  great  improvement  in  the 
plumbing  has  been  mentioned  ;  all  the  old  doors  of  the  building 
have  been  replaced  by  heavy  ones  covered  with  sheet  iron, 
and  all  windows  opening  into  passageways  have  been  closed 
up,  the  whole  being  done  on  a  plan  approved  by  the  Fire 
Department.  But  the  greatest  of  all  improvements  in  recent 
years  is  the  erection  of  the  new  alcoholic  pavilion  (1892), 
which  insures  the  speedy  removal  of  the  last  remnant  of  the 
days  of  yore.  This  building  lies  in  juxtaposition  to  the  east 
end  of  the  north  wing,  parallel  with  Twenty-eighth  street.  It 
is  two  stories  in  height  and  is  built  of  brick.  A  diagram  of 
the  first  floor  is  here  shown.  The  first  floor  is  for  men,  and 
the  second,  a  counterpart  of  the  first,  is  for  women  patients. 
This  service  is  rotating  and  of  six  weeks*  duration,  attached  to 
the  medical  divisions.  During  the  year  ending  December  i, 
1892,  4539  alcoholic  patients  were  received  into  Bellevue; 
3347  of  these  were  men.  There  is  no  other  general  hospital 
in  this  city  which  receives  such  patients,  but  all  such  are 
brought  to  Bellevue.  The  mortality  in  the  cells  for  the  period 
donated  above  is  a  fraction  over  6%  among  the  men,  and 
not  quite  3)4%  among  the  women.  This  refers  to  the  cases 
of  pure  alcoholism  as  a  rule,  because,  as  soon  as  any  complica- 
tion is  discovered,  the  patient  is  immediately  removed  to  the 
general  wards,  and  if  the  case  prove  fatal  it  is  not  charged  to 
the  cell  record. 

The  erysipelas  pavilion  is  a  small  building  made  of  corru- 
gated iron,  which  has  recently  been  removed  from  the  old  site 
on  the  river-front,  opposite  the  center  of  the  grounds,  to  a  po- 
sition nearer  Twenty-eighth  street.  It  contains  twelve  beds — 
six  for  men  and  six  for  women.  It  is  attached  in  rotation  to 
the  surgical  divisions. 

In  that  part  of  the  Bellevue  grounds  which  lies  between  the 
north  wing  and  the  Twenty-eighth  street  boundary  are  two 


An  Account  of  Bellevtie  Hospital. 


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96  An  Account  of  Belleznie  Hospital. 

low  brick  buildin^^s,  reached  through  the  archway  under  this 
wing.  The  one  opposite  the  arch  and  to  the  right  is  the  am- 
bulance stable,  and  the  one  to  the  left,  the  building  of  the 
General  Drug  Department.  This  latter  was  erected  in  1887, 
upon  plans  designed  by  the  head  of  this  department,  Dr. 
Charles  Rice.  It  is  the  administrative  center  of  the  largest 
drug  bureau  in  this  country.  It  furnishes  medical  and  surgi- 
cal supplies  to  all  the  institutions  under  the  care  of  the  De- 
partment of  Public  Charities  and  Correction  of  the  City  of 
New-York,  and  bears  about  the  same  relation  to  this  depart- 
ment as  the  Pharmacie  Centrale  to  the  analogous  department 
of  Paris.  This  department  in  New-York  includes  eight  hos- 
pitals, besides  several  minor  ones  attached  to  these  and  re- 
ceiving their  supplies  from  them;  the  four  branches  of  the 
New- York  City  Lunatic  Asylum;  the  almshouse  and  work- 
house, the  penitentiary,  Tombs  prison  and  four  district  pris- 
ons, and  four  large  dispensaries.  In  these  institutions  there 
are  at  one  time  about  17,000  persons,  and  in  the  dispensaries 
about  60,000  patients  are  treated  annually,  each  patient  being 
counted  but  once. 

The  headquarters  of  this  bureau  at  Bellevue  include  the 
oflfice  and  private  laboratory  of  the  chief  officer  of  this  bureau, 
a  manufacturing  laboratory,  a  general  store-room  and  distrib- 
uting office,  and  several  smaller  store-rooms  for  special  classes 
of  articles. 

The  General  Drug  Department  manufactures  most  of  the 
pharmaceutical  preparations  used  in  these  municipal  institu- 
tions, and  such  chemicals  as  can  be  more  economically 
made  than  purchased,  or  which  are  required  to  be  abso- 
lutely pure.  Another  large  part  of  the  work  is  the  analysis 
of  medical  supplies,  whether  purchased  or  made  on  the  prem- 
ises, and  various  technical  and  food  products,  besides  other 
similar  investigations.  This  bureau  investigates  each  day 
the  quality  of  the  milk  supplied  to  Bellevue  Hospital,  and 
as  a  result  of  the  scrutiny  the  poor  of  this  hospital  are  fur- 
nished milk  equal  to  the  very  best  that  can  be  purchased  in 
the  city. 


An  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 


97 


Upon  the  west  side  of  the  hospital  Hes  the  chapel  called 
"Christ  the  Consoler."  This  beautiful  chapel  is  also  the  gift 
of  Mrs.  Townsend.  It  was  built  in  1889,  and  dedicated  upon 
Easter  Monday  in  that  year,  and  presented  to  the  New-York 
Protestant  Episcopal  City  Mission  Society.  It  has  as  its  chap- 
lain the  Rev.    Henry  St.    George   Young.     The  site   of  this 


Interior  of  the  Chapel. 

building  is  directly  opposite  the  main  entrance.  The  style 
of  architecture  conforms  to  that  of  the  hospital  building.  It 
is  three  stories  in  height;  upon  the  ground  floor  is  a  room  for 
the  "lady  visitors,"  with  store-room  and  closets.  These  ladies 
attend  here  at  intervals  and  distribute  clothes  and  other 
articles  to  the  more  deserving  of  the  patients  when  they  are 
discharged  from  the  hospital;  on  the  south  side  of  this  floor 
is  a  mortuary  for  the  dead  awaiting  burial.  The  next  floor  is 
reached  from  the  main  floor  of  the  hospital,  and  also  by  a 
flight  of  stone  steps  on  the  opposite  side  facing  Twenty-sev- 
enth street.  The  chapel  proper  is  on  the  floor  above,  and  is 
7 


gS  A)i  AccoiDit  of  Be  I  lev  uc  Hospital. 

reached  from  the  hospital  side,  as  is  noted  above,  from  the 
first  mezzanine  landing  of  the  main  staircase.  It  is  43  feet 
long  by  21  feet  wide,  and  is  fitted  up  with  benches  having 
accommodations  for  about  one  hundred  persons.  The  altar  is 
of  carved  oak;  there  are  also  a  brass  eagle  lectern,  a  marble  font, 
and  an  organ.  The  windows  are  of  cathedral  glass,  those  in 
the  apse  having  full-length  figures, —  the  one  in  the  center  is 
Christus  Consoiator, — and  on  either  side  an  angel.  The  services 
are  held  in  the  chapel  every  Sunday,  and  many  times  during 
the  week  praise-  and  prayer-meetings  are  held,  when  large 
numbers  of  patients  attend.  Members  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  hold  meetings  in  the  reading-room  every 
Monday  evening,  besides.  Here  is  a  corner  of  Bellevue  where 
sadness  and  sorrow  shall  flee  away. 

Another  chapel  is  about  to  be  erected.  For  those  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  faith  a  place  of  worship  has  been  designed,  to 
be  placed  on  the  extreme  northwest  corner  of  the  grounds. 
Miss  Leary,  of  this  city,  has  identified  herself  with  this  pro- 
ject, and  most  of  the  money  has  been  raised  through  her  ex- 
ertions. The  chapel  is  to  be  80  feet  long  by  25  feet  wide, 
and  built  of  the  same  kind  of  materials  as  is  the  hospital  itself. 
It  will  be  administered  by  a  compan\'  of  Carmelite  friars. 

The  first  chaplain  to  the  hospital  of  which  there  is  any 
mention  is  the  Rev.  John  Stanford,  in  the  old  almshouse 
days.  The  only  religious  service,  it  is  said,  was  for  many 
years  the  reading  of  the  Scriptures  and  prayers  in  the  different 
wards,  and  frequently  on  the  Sabbath  Christian  men  visited 
the  hospital  to  distribute  tracts  and  read  the  Scriptures  to  the 
inmates.  In  later  years  religious  services  were  held  in  the  am- 
phitheater by  both  Protestants  and  Roman  Catholics.  Nowa- 
days, the  patients  are  continually  visited  by  many  missionaries 
and  colporteurs  sent  by  the  various  Christian  organizations  and 
missions. 

The  river-front  of  Bellevue  has  undergone  much  improve- 
ment during  the  past  year  (1892).  A  great  deal  of  land  has 
been  reclaimed  by  filling  in  the  ground  between  Twenty-sixth 
and  Twenty-eighth  streets  up  to  the  bulkhead  line  of  Ave- 


A 71  Account  of  Bellevtte  Hospital.  99 

nue  A,  or  six  hundred  feet  to  the  eastward  of  First  Avenue. 
The  Department  of  Docks  built  a  long  and  wide  pier  at  the 
foot  of  Twenty-eighth  street;  this,  with  the  large  Twenty-sixth 
street  pier  (finished  in  1885),  which  is  the  general  distributing 
and  receiving  depot  for  all  the  institutions  on  Blackwell's, 
Ward's,  Randall's,  and  Hart's  islands,  forms  a  wide  slip  in  front 
of  Bellevue.  Along  the  Twenty-eighth  street  pier  lies  the 
United  States  school-ship  St.  Marys  when  in  home  waters  ; 
on  the  south  is  the  berth  of  the  transfer  steamboats  of  the  de- 
partment, the  Minnahanonck  and  TJionias  S.  Brcnnan,  while 
in  the  waters  in  front  is  the  anchorage  used  by  the  New-York 
Yacht  Club,  and  frequently  by  government  vessels. 

The  largest  building  in  this  part  of  the  grounds  is  the  Home 
of  the  Mills  Training  School,  which  is  six  stories  in  height  and 
stands  immediately  to  the  east  of  the  dispensary  and  college 
building.  The  two  upper  floors  contain  the  Wood  Museum. 
Near  this  building  is  the  new  city  morgue  and  deadhouse, 
built  upon  the  most  approved  present-day  plans  for  such  places.^ 

The  latest  improvement  in  the  hospital  was  begun  in  Novem- 
ber, 1892.  The  old  cook-house  on  the  First  Avenue  side, 
which  was  put  up  in  1850,  was  torn  down  to  make  room  for  a 
model  kitchen,  the  plans  for  which  are  now  under  consideration. 

The  efficient  executive  head  of  the  hospital  is  Mr.  William 
B.  O'Rourke,  who  was  appointed  warden  in  1891.  His  assis- 
tant is  Mr.  M.  G.  Rickard,  formerly  for  many  years  the  registrar. 

Since  1874  the  medical  supervision  has  been  divided  into  four 
medical  and  four  surgical  divisions.  In  the  fall  of  that  yean 
after  the  transfer  of  the  lying-in  department  to  the  island,  the 
staff"  was  completely  reorganized ;  the  First  Medical  Division 
was  changed  to  the  Third ;  the  Second  to  the  First,  the  Third 
to  the  Second,  and  the  Fourth  was  reestablished.  The  First 
Surgical  Division  became  the  Second;  the  Second,  the  First; 
the  Third  remained  the  Third,  and  the  Fourth  was  organized. 
In  the  spring  of  1882  an  important  modification  was  made  in 
the  manner  of  making  the  staff  appointments.  Four  grand 
divisions  were  recognized  —  three  of  these  collegiate,  and  one 
non-collegiate.     Each  comprised  one  medical  and  one  surgi- 

1  During  1892,  7871  bodies  were  received  here. 


lOO  A?i  Account  of  Bellcz'ue  Hospital. 

cal  division.  The  board  appointments  on  each  of  the  collegi- 
ate divisions  are  controlled  by  the  three  medical  colleges  of  the 
city,  respectively,  while  on  the  other  division  the  appointees 
are  not  necessarily  college  officers.  The  First  Medical  and 
Second  Surgical  divisions  are  placed  in  the  care  of  the  faculty 
of  the  Medical  Department  of  Columbia ;  the  Second  Medical 
and  First  Surgical  in  that  of  the  University  of  the  City  of  New- 
York  ;  and  the  Third  Medical  and  Surgical  divisions  in  that  of 
the  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College.  The  Fourth  Medical 
and  Surgical  divisions  make  up  the  non-collegiate  division. 
The  house-staff  appointments  are  made  in  like  manner. 

The  Medical  Board  consists  of  three  consulting  physicians 
and  three  consulting  surgeons,  and  a  staff  of  twenty-seven  vis- 
iting officers.  To  each  medical  division  three  physicians  are 
assigned,  and  to  all  of  these  except  the  first,  one  gynaecologist ; 
to  each  surgical  division  three  surgeons. 

Bellevue  Hospital  is  conducted  upon  the  lines  that  make  for 
the  best  results  —  as  a  hospital,  and  as  a  school  of  clinical 
medicine  and  of  practical  nursing.  During  the  period  of  year 
when  the  colleges  are  open,  forty-one  clinics  and  section  classes 
are  held  weekly  in  the  hospital.  Twelve  clinics  are  held  in  the 
amphitheater,  at  each  of  which  from  one  hundred  and  fifty  to 
two  hundred  students  attend;  four  of  these  are  medical,  six  are 
surgical,  and  two  are  gynaecological  clinics.  In  the  Crane 
room  eight  are  held  —  six  surgical  and  two  gynaecological.  At 
each  of  these  about  thirty  students  attend.  Two  gynaecologi- 
cal clinics  are  held  in  the  annex  the  year  round.  Nineteen 
section  classes  of  about  twenty  students  each  are  conducted  in 
the  wards  ;  eight  of  these  are  medical,  nine  surgical,  and  two 
gynaecological.  One  hundred  and  twenty  nurses  are  under 
training  in  the  wards.  The  purposes  aimed  at  and  ever  kept 
in  view  are,  by  accuracy  and  skill  in  diagnoses,  and  by  judi- 
cious and  discerning  treatment,  to  cure  disease,  to  relieve  suf- 
fering, and  at  the  same  time  to  educate  and  develop  expert 
physicians  and  skilful  nurses. 

The  only  way  in  which  the  success  obtained  in  hospital 
management  can  be  approximately  shown,  is  by  the  rates  of 


Crane  Operating  Room 


I  iilti  iiir  iif  Airiiihithcater. 


An  Accou7it  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  loi 

mortality.  There  are  two  ways  in  vogue  of  determining  this 
ratio :  first,  by  comparing  the  number  of  deaths  with  the  total 
number  of  cases  coming  under  treatment  during  the  year. 
This  method  involves  the  error  of  counting  the  number  of 
cases  remaining  in  the  hospital  at  the  time  of  making  a  report, 
and  again  counting  them  in  the  next  estimate.  The  other 
method  is  by  comparing  the  number  of  deaths  with  the  number 
of  cases  discharged  plus  the  number  of  deaths.  This  is  based 
upon  the  total  of  cases  in  which  the  treatment  has  been  con- 
cluded whether  by  death  or  discharge.  The  latter  method  is 
the  one  that  has  generally  been  followed  at  Bellevue.  During 
the  year  ending  on  December  31,  1892,  16,541  patients  were 
treated  in  Bellevue.  Of  these,  14,383  were  discharged,  and 
1 500  died  —  by  the  latter  method  of  reckoning,  a  ratio  of  mor- 
tality of  9I  per  cent.^  Of  those  who  died,  295  patients  lived 
but  twenty-four  hours  after  admission;  deducting  these,  the 
ratio  of  deaths  is  7-/^  per  cent.  There  is  no  other  hospital  in 
this  city  with  which  this  can  be  compared,  because  no  other 
hospital  in  this  city  receives  the  same  large  class  of  desperate 
and  hopeless  cases  of  disease,  nor  is  there  another  hospital 
which  receives  cases  of  alcoholism,  certainly  not  in  any  great 
numbers.  Of  the  admissions  to  Bellevue  in  1892,  3265  cases 
were  transfers  by  the  ambulances  of  other  hospitals.  The  fig- 
ures for  1 89 1  (the  last  year  for  which  the  figures  of  other  city 
hospitals  are  at  hand)  show  that  the  admissions  at  Bellevue  ex- 
ceeded by  430  those  at  any  three  other  hospitals  taken  toge- 
ther, inclusive  of  the  City  Hospital,  and  by  40  the  admissions 
at  any  other  five,  exclusive  of  that  hospital. 

There  is  a  method  of  securing  low  mortality  rates,  however, 
which  is  not  Bellevue's  way.  About  once  in  every  five  days 
a  patient  is  brought  to  Bellevue  in  a  moribund  condition  by 
an  outside  ambulance,  and  dies,  if  not  immediately,  within  a 
few  hours  after  admission.-  Within  the  past  fortnight  the 
writer  witnessed  the  death  of  a  patient  directly  after  arrival, 

1  In  1874,  ^^  ratio  was  15K  per  cent. ;  in  1880,  141^,; ;  in  1886,  iij  per  cent. 

2  The  number  of  such  cases  in  1892  was  70 — nearly  25  per  cent,  of  the  number  who 
died  within  twenty-four  hours  after  admission.  Besides  these,  a  number  died  in  the 
ambulance  at  the  entrance  to  the  grounds. 

7A 


I02  A?i  Account  oj  Bcllcznic  Hospital. 

who  had  been  transferred  by  ambulance  from  his  home,  within 
three  quarters  of  a  mile  of  the  hospital  from  whence  the  am- 
bulance came,  to  Bellevue,  two  miles  away.  If  one  of  the  pur- 
poses for  which  the  ambulance  system  was  established  was  to 
get  rid  of  undesirable  cases,  then  the  ambulance  is  not  a  wholly 
benevolent  institution  ;  moreover,  Bellevue  is  then  "  hoist  with 
her  own  petar." 

The  success  in  hospital  management  attained  by  Bellevue 
justifies  the  confidence  reposed  in  the  commissioners  and  in 
the  Medical  Board,  by  those  citizens  of  New-York  who  have 
conferred  upon  Bellevue  in  such  large  measure  the  means  of 
improving  the  condition  of  its  inmates.  There  is  room,  how- 
ever, for  much  more  to  be  done  for  the  hospital. 

Bellevue,  with  its  yearly  census  of  over  i6,ooo  patients,  has 
a  maternity  ward  of  six  beds.  This  ward  is  not  only  inade- 
quate in  size,  but  it  possesses  inadequate  means  of  caring  for 
patients.  It  has  not  sufficient  room  for  the  proper  segrega- 
tion of  patients,  nor  has  it  the  means  of  ventilating  the  build- 
ing after  modern  methods,  and  no  room  for  the  disinfection  of 
clothing,  etc.  The  record  of  the  Emergency  Hospital  is  an 
earnest  of  the  good  work  that  could  be  done  if  Bellevue  had  a 
modern  obstetrical  pavilion. 

Bellevue  Hospital  has  its  wards  for  the  proper  and  exclusive 
care  of  operation  cases,  and  now  its  pavilion  for  the  treatment 
of  cases  of  alcoholism,  but  there  is  a  large  class  of  cases  ad- 
mitted which  demands  special  watchfulness  and  care,  but  for 
which  no  special  provision  is  made.  This  is  the  class  of  fever 
cases.  During  the  five  years  ending  on  July  i,  1892,  the  num- 
ber of  cases  of  pneumonia  treated  in  Bellevue  was  11 34,  and 
of  typhoid  fever  398.  Many  of  these  cases  it  is  impossible  to 
save ;  many  of  them  live  but  a  few  hours  after  admission. 
Taking  them  all  in  all,  the  prognosis  is  not  as  favorable  in 
these  diseases  as  it  is  in  cases  of  alcoholism,  or  in  the  major 
operations  of  surgery — in  some  seasons  it  is  very  much  worse. 
The  results  of  treatment  in  fever  cases  obtained  in  Bellevue  are 
probably  as  good  as  in  any  other  institution  of  the  kind  labor- 
ing under  the  same  disadvantages,  yet  the  mortality  ratio  is 


Ail  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital.  103 

too  high  in  these  diseases.  Perhaps  it  is  not  unreasonable  to 
suppose,  therefore,  that  were  better  accommodations  provided 
for  fever  cases,  so  that  they  might  be  cared  for  in  rooms  by 
themselves,  exempt  from  the  noise  and  turmoil  of  a  general 
hospital  ward,  many  of  these  lives  might  be  saved.  A  pavilion 
where,  among  other  things  for  instance,  the  hydropathic  treat- 
ment of  fever  might  be  more  conveniently  and  completely  car- 
ried out,  with  means  for  the  proper  care  of  patients  during  con- 
valescence, would  aid  materially  in  reducing  the  death-rate  in 
these  and  allied  diseases. 

It  is  sometimes  the  case  that  people  who  are  able  and  willing 
to  lend  aid  in  a  charitable  way  need  to  be  informed  of  a  direc- 
tion in  which  to  extend  their  help.  Bellevue  Hospital  is  respect- 
fully submitted  as  worthy  to  be  a  recipient  of  such  attention. 

With  all  the  opportunities  for  clinical  study  at  Bellevue, 
and  notwithstanding  the  endeavors  made  by  the  members  of 
the  Medical  Board  to  take  advantage  of  them,  yet  the  hospital 
has  an  undischarged  debt  which  it  owes  to  the  profession  at 
large.  No  systematized  effort  is  made  to  impart  the  know- 
ledge and  experience  that  might  be  gathered  from  its  clinical 
and  statistical  records.  What  is  done  in  this  direction  has 
been  done  only  in  an  irregular  and  imperfect  way.  It  needs 
time,  money,  and  the  careful,  conscientious  work  of  an  ana- 
lytical recorder  to  prepare  this  material  for  publication,  and 
steps  ought  to  be  taken  right  away  to  this  end. 

A  notable  part  of  Bellevue's  history  has  not  been  related. 
An  abler  pen  would  have  to  tell  of  her  achievements  in  the 
fields  of  medicine  and  surgery.  Of  the  bold  surgery  of  Mott; 
of  the  artistic  surgery  of  Wood — periosteal  surgery,  insep- 
arably connected  with  the  name  of  Wood,  had  here  its  birth- 
place ;  of  the  skill  and  precision  of  Flint  in  medical  diagnosis, 
all  the  world  has  heard.  And  Clark  in  medicine,  Van  Buren 
in  surgery.  Barker  in  obstetrics,  Hamilton  a  master  in  the 
plastic  art  —  these  continue  the  brilliant  record.  These  are 
Bellevue's  laurels,  and  to  every  man  of  Bellevue  they  will  ever 
be  an  incentive  to  great  things.  They  will  be  his  inspiration 
and  their  guiding  principle  his  motto  —  Natura  arte. 


Children's  Surgical  Ward. 


Operating  Room  of  the  Dehon  Annex. 


CATALOGUE  OF  THE 


MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  STAFF— 1736  to  1894 


ARRANGED    ALPHABETICALLY  AND    CHRONOLOGICALLY 


CONSULTING   PHYSICIANS. 


ARRANGED    ALPHABETICALLY. 


EXPLANATORY. 

Medical  Colleges  that  are  departments  of  universities  are 
designated  by  the  name  of  the  university.  The  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  this  city  is  thus  designated  for 
degrees  conferred  subsequent  to  i860. 

The  term  "Visiting  Physician  or  Surgeon  "  refers  to  a  hospital 
appointment,  unless  otherwise  stated. 

The  term  "Attending  Physician  or  Surgeon"  refers  to  a  dis- 
pensary appointment. 

Out-patient  Departments  of  hospitals  are  called  "dispen- 
saries." 

*  Deceased. 
Appointed.  Died. 

1879  Barker,*  Fordyce, 1891. 

A.  B.,  Bowdoin,  1837;  A.  M.,  1840;  M.  D.,  1841;  Paris 
Univ.,  1844;  LL.  D.,  Columb.,  1878;  Edin.,  1884;  Prof. 
Obstet.,  Bowdoin,  1845-46,661!.  Hosp.  Med.  Col.,  1861-68  ; 
Prof.  Clin.  Midw.  &  Dis.  Worn.,  1868-82;  Emeritus, 
1882-91;  Pres.  Med.  Soc.  State  N.  Y.,  1856;  N.  Y.  Acad. 
Med.,  1882.  Author  of  "Lectures  on  Uterine  Displace- 
ments," Rep.  by  B.  T.  Roath  (Lecture  first,  23  pp.,  8°. 
Baker,  Godwin  &  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1853);  "  Fibrous  Tumor  of 
the  Uterus;  Excessive  Hemorrhage  ;  Removal  by  Excision," 
8  pp.,  8°,  1857;  "Remarks  on  Puerperal  Fever,"  23  pp., 
8°,  1857  ;  "  On  the  Comparative  Use  of  Ergot  and  the  For- 
ceps in  Labor,"  16  pp.,  8°,  1858;   "On  the  Use  of  Anzes- 

107 


io8  A 71  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

Appointed.  Died. 

thetics  in  Midwifery,"  9  1.,  8°,  1861  ;  "Blood-letting  as  a 
Therapeutic  Resource  in  Obstetric  Medicine,"  14  pp.,  8^, 
1871  ;  "  The  Puerperal  Diseases:  Clinical  Lectures  Deliv- 
ered at  Bellevue  Hospital,"  xiii., 526  pp.,  8-  (Appleton,  1874), 
translated  into  German,  French,  and  Italian;  "The  Rela- 
tion of  Puerperal  Fever  to  the  Infective  Diseases  and  Pyae- 
mia," 15  pp.,  8°,  1875,  Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  1891,  aet.  74; 
cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

1884  Clark,*  Alonzo, 1887. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1828;  A.  M.,  183 1,  &  Dartmouth,  1844; 
M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  &  Surg.,  N.  Y.,  1835,  &  Berkshire,  1843  ; 
LL.  D.,  Univ.  Vt.,  1853;  Prof.  Physiol.  &  Path.,  Coll. 
Phys.  &  Surg.,  1848-56;  Prof.  Path.  &  Pract.  Med.,  1855-87; 
Pres.  Fac,  1875-83.     Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  1887,  a:t.  80. 

1886  Delafield,  Francis,* 


1847  Franxis,*  John  Wakefield, 1861. 

A.  B.,  Columb.,  1809;  A.  M.,  1812  ;  M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys. 
&  Surg.,  1811;  LL.  D.,  Trinity,  1850;  Prof.  Obstet.  & 
Med.  Jurisp.,  Rutgers  Med.  Coll.,  N.  Y.  ;  Mat.  Med.,  Coll. 
Phys.  &Surg.,  1813-16;  Instit.  Med.,  1816-20;  Obstet.,  etc., 
1820-26;  Pres.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Med.,  1848.  Died  in  N.  Y. 
City,  1861,  aet.  72;  cause,  carbuncle. 

1852  Oilman,*  Chandler  Robbins, 1865. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Penn.,  1824;  Lect.  Obstet.  Dis.  Women  & 
Child.,  1840;  Prof.,  1841.  Died  in  Middletown,  Conn., 
1865,  aet.  63  ;  cause,  cardiac  disease. 

1847  Manley,*  James  R., .1851. 

A.  B.,  Columb.,  1799;  A-  ^-j  1802;  M.  D.,  1803;  Pres. 
Med.  Soc,  State  of  N.  Y.,  1825-26;  V.-Pres.  N.  Y.  Acad. 
Med.,  1849.  Author  of''  Inaug.  Address  Before  Med.  Soc. 
N.  Y.,"  28  pp.,  8°,  N.  Y.,  1826.  Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  185 1, 
aet.   70;  cause,  asthenia. 

1874  McCready,*  Benjamin  W., 1892. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  &  Surg.,  N.  Y.,  1835;  Prof.  Mat. 
Med.,  N.  Y.  Coll.  Pharm.  ;  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  &  Therap., 
Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1861-72;  Emeritus,  1872-92.  Died 
in  N.  Y.  City,  1892,  aet.  79. 

1  See  List  of  Internes  since  1850. 


Consiiltmg  Physicians.  109 

Appointed.  Died. 

1861  Metcalfe,  John  Thomas, 

U.  S.  Mil.  Acad.,  West  Point,  1838,  2d  Lieut.,  resigned 
1840;  M.  D.,  Univ.  Penn.,  1843;  Vis.  Phys.,  N.  Y.  Hosp. 
Lying-in  Women,  1850-60;  N.  Y.  Deaf  &  Dumb  Instit., 
185 1  ;  Prof.  Physic.  Diag.  &  Dis.  of  Chest,  Univ.  City  N.Y., 
1852-54;  Prof.  Instit.  &  Pract.  Med.,  1854-66;  Vis.  Phys., 
St.  Luke's  Hosp.,  N.  Y.,  1853;  Nursery  &  Child's  Hosp., 
1855-60;  N.  Y.  Hosp.,  1857;  Con.  Phys.,  N.  Y.  Hosp., 
1859,  St.  Luke's,  Roosevelt  &  N.  Y.  State  Woman's  Hosps.  ; 
Prof.  Clin.  Med.,  Columb.,  1866-75;  Emeritus  since  1875. 

1826  Roe,*  Stephen  C.,^ 1844- 

M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  &  Surg.,  1817;  Phys.,  N.  Y.  State 
Prison.     Died,  1844;  cause,  apoplexy. 

1876  Taylor,*  Isaac  E., 1889. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1830;  M.  D.,  Univ.  Penn.,  1834;  Pres. 
Faculty,Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1861-89;  Prof.  Obstet.  &  Dis. 
Women  and  Child.,  1861-67;  Emeritus,  1867-89.  Died  in 
N.  Y.  City,  1889,  set.  78;  cause,  cardiac  disease. 

1852  Wood,*  Isaac,^ i 


CONSULTING   PHYSICIANS. 

ARRANGED    CHRONOLOGICALLY. 

Appointed.  Died. 

1826  Roe,*  Stephen  C, 1844. 

1847  Francis,*  John  Wakefield, 1861. 

1847  Manley,*  James  R., 185 1. 

1852  Oilman,*  Chandler  Robbins, 1865. 

1852  Wood,*  Isaac, 1868. 

1861  Metcalfe,  John  Thomas, 

1874  McCready,*  Benjamin  W.,      1892. 

1876  Taylor,*  Isaac  E., 1889. 

1879  Barker,*  Fordyce, 1891. 

1884  Clark,*  Alonzo, 1887. 

1886  Delafield,  Francis, 

1  With  this  exception,  we  believe  there  was  no  consulting  board  prior  to  1847. 
2  See  List  of  Resident  Physicians. 


no  An  Account  of  Bcllevue  Hospital. 


CONSULTING   SURGEONS. 

ARRANGED    ALPHABETICALLY. 
Appointed.  Died. 

1884  Hamilton,*  Frank  Hastings, 1886. 

A.  B.,  Union,  1830;  A.  M.,  1833;  LL.  D.,  1869;  M.  D., 
Univ.  Penn.,  1835;  Prof.  Mil,  Surg.  Frac.  &  Disloc,  Bell. 
Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1861-65;  Mil.  Surg.  Frac.  &  Disloc.  & 
Prin.  Surg.,  1865-68;  Prac.  Surg.,  1868-75;  Cons.  Surg., 
Rupt.  &  Crip.  &  St.  Eliz.  Hosps.  Author  of  "  A  Practical 
Treatise  on  Fractures  &  Dislocations,"  xx.,  757  pp.,  8° 
(Phila.,  Blanchard  &  Lea,  i860;  3d  ed.,  1866;  6th  Amer. 
ed.,  909  pp.,  8°,  1880);  "A  Treatise  on  Military  Surgery 
&  Hygiene,"  viii.,  648  pp.,  8°  (N.  Y.,  Bailliere  Bros.,  1865); 
"  The  Principles  &  Practice  of  Surgery,"  xxvi.,  943  pp.,  8° 
(N.  Y.,  W.  Wood  &  Co.,  1872).  Died,  1886,  aet.  ^l\ 
cause,  fibroid  phthisis. 

1887  Keyes,  Edward  Lawrence, 


A.  B.,  Yale,  1863;  A.  M.,  1866;  M.  D.,  Univ.  City  N. 
Y.,  1866;  Cons.  Surg.,  St.  Eliz.  &  City  (late  Charity) 
Hosps.;  Lcct.  Dermat.,  Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1871-73; 
Prof.,  1873-75  ;  Prof.  Dermat.  &  Adj.  Prof.,  Prin  &  Pract. 
Surg.,  1875-81  ;  Prof.  Cutan.  &  Genito-U.  Dis.,  1881-90. 
Author  of  "  Genito-Urinary  Disease,  with  Syphilis  "(by  Van 
Buren  &  Keyes),  xii.,  672  pp.,  8°,  1874  {idem  enlarged  & 
revised  by  E.  L.  Keyes,  xv.,  704pp.,  1891);  "Treatment  of 
Syphilis,"  iv.,  83  pp.,  8°,  1877;  "Venereal  Diseases," xiii., 
348  pp.,  8"  (Appleton,  1880) ;  "  Urinary  Calculi,"  in  "Ash- 
urst's  Encyc.  .Surg.,"  vol  vi.,  p.  155,  1884. 

1884  MoTT,*  Alexander  Brown, 1889. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Penn.,  1850;  N.  Y.  Med.  Coll.,  185 1  ;  At- 
tend Surg.,  N.  Y.  Disp.,  1850;  Vis.  Surg.,  St.  Elizabeth's 
Hosp.,  1851,  Jews'  Hosp.,  1863;  Brigade  Surg.,  2d  Brig. 
N.  Y.  State  Militia,  1861-62;  Surg.  U.  S.  Vols.,  1862,  at 
U.  S.  Gen.  Hosp.,  N.  Y.  ;  Prof.  Surg.  Anat.,  Bell.  Hosp. 
Med.  Coll.,  1861-72;  Prof.  Surg.,  1861  ;  Clin.  &  Oper. 
Surg.,  1872-89;  Cons.  Surg.,  Charity  Hosp.  Died,  1889, 
aet.  63  ;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia.  Son  of  Valentine 
Mott. 


Consulting  Surgeons.  1 1 1 

Appointed.  Died. 

1847  MoTT,*  Valentine, 1865. 

M.  D.,  Columb.,  1806;  LL.  D.,  elsewhere;  Piof.  Surg., 
Columb.,  1811-13  ;  Coll.  Phys.  &  Surg.,  1813-26;  Rutgers 
Med.  Coll.,  1826-30;  Prof.  Op.  Surg.  &  Surg.  Anat.,  Coll. 
Phys.  &  Surg.,  1831-37;  Pres.  &  Prof.,  Surg.  Univ.,  City 
N.  Y.,  1841-50;  Emeritus,  1852-65;  Pres.,  N.  Y.  Acad. 
Med.,  1849.  In  London  and  Edinburgh,  1806-9,  at  St. 
Thomas's,  St.  Bartholomew's,  &  Guy's  Hospitals,  under 
Abernethy,  Sir  Charles  Bell,  and  Sir  Astley  Cooper.  Ligated 
the  arteria  innominata  two  inches  from  the  heart  for  aneurism 
of  the  right  sub-clavian,  first  time  in  history  of  surgery,  and 
patient  lived  28  days,  1818;  operated  for  osteosarcoma  of 
lower  jaw,  first  time,  and  removed  lower  jaw  for  necrosis,  182 1; 
introduced  his  original  operation  for  immobility  of  lower 
jaw,  1822;  exsected  entire  right  clavicle  for  malignant  dis- 
ease, 1828  (patient  living  in  1865)  ;  first  to  be  successful  in 
ligating  primitive  iliac  for  aneurism;  tied  common  carotid 
46  times;  exsected.  lower  jaw  in  different  portions,  cutting 
out  two  inches  of  the  deep  jugular  vein  inseparably  imbedded 
in  a  tumor,  and  tied  both  ends  of  the  vein.  Author  of 
"  Mott's  Velpeau,"  4  vols.,  820  pp.,  8°,  N.  Y.,  and  of  the  fol- 
lowing papers:  "Relative  Anatomy  of  Sub-clavian  Artery 
with  Scaleni  Muscles";  "  Memoirs  on  Injuries  of  Skull  and 
Brain,"  illustrated  by  cases;  "Essay  on  Pulsation  in  Epi- 
gastrio";  "Memoir  on  Tying  the  Arteria  Innominata"; 
several  papers  on  "  Exsection  of  the  Lower  Jaw  in  Various 
Portions  and  Articulation  on  one  Side,"  with  plates;  "  The 
LItility  of  Tying  the  Common  Carotid  for  safe  Removal  of 
Large  Tumors,"  etc.  ;  "Removal  of  Thyroid  Body  weighing 
Four  pounds,  with  Entire  Success  "  ;  "  Original  Nasal  Opera- 
tion "  (successful),  with  plates  ;  "  Distal,  Anticardial  or  Bras- 
dorean  Operation  on  the  Right  Carotid  for  Aneurism  of  the 
Innominate  ";  "  Successful  Amputation  of  the  Hip-joint," 
with  plates;  "Papers  on  Ligatures  of  Carotids,  Sub-cla- 
vian, External,  and  Internal  Iliacs";  "Successful  Exsec- 
tion of  Clavicle  for  Enormous  Osteosarcoma  Ulcerated  and 
Bleeding";  "  Memoirs  on  a  Peculiar  Tumor  of  the  Skin," 
illustrated  by  drawings  and  cases ;  "  Letters  to  Amussat  on 
the  Effects  of  the  Admission  of  Air  into  the  Veins  in  Surgi- 
cal Operations";  "Paper  on  Tying  the  Left  Sub-clavian 
under  Scalenus  Anticus,  attended  with  Peculiar  Circulation, 
Recovery";  "Memoirs  on  the  Removal  of  Enormous  Tu- 
mors in  the  Neck  in  Small  Children,"  with  cases  and  draw- 


112  ^hi  Account  of  Bcllci'uc  Hospital. 

Appointed.  Died. 

ings;  "  Treatment  of  Ununited  Fractures."  Died  in  N.  Y. 
City,  1865,  ;et.  79;  cause,  typho-malarial  fever,  followed 
by  gangrene  of  leg.     Father  of  Alexander  Brown  Mott. 

1868    P.VRKER,*  WiLLARD, 1 884. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1826;  A.  M.,  1829;  M.  D.,  1830;  LL.D., 
Princeton,  1870;  House  Phys.,  U.  S.  Marine  Hosp.,  Chel- 
sea, Mass.,  1827;  Prof.  Surg.,  Berkshire,  1832;  Cincin., 
1836;  Prof.  Clin.  Surg.,  Coll.  Phys.  &  Surg.,  N.  Y., 
1870-81;  Emeritus,  1881-84.  Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  1884, 
£et.  84;  cause,  cystitis  and  pyelitis. 

1884  Savre,  Lewis  Albert, 

A.  B.,Transyl.  Univ.,  1839;  ^I-  D.,Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg., 
1842;  a  founder  of  N.  Y.  Pathol.  Soc,  1844,  and  of  Bell. 
Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1861  ;  Prof.  Orthop.  Surg.,  Bell.  Hosp. 
Med.  Coll.,  since  1861;  Res.  Phys.,  City  N.  Y.,  1866;  Vis. 
Surg.,  Charity  Hosp.,  1859-73,  Cons.  Surg,  since  1873; 
Cons.  Surg.  Home  for  Incurables,  and  St.  Eliz.  Hosp.  Made 
Knight  of  Order  of  Vasa  by  King  Charles  X\^  of  Sweden, 
1872.  Pres.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  1880.  Author  of '*  Manual 
of  Treatment  of  Club  Foot,"  1869;  "Lectures  on  Ortho- 
piEdic  Surgery  and  Diseases  of  Joints,"  1876  (translated  into 
French,  German,  Spanish  and  Japanese) ;  *'  Spinal  Disease 
and  Spinal  Curvature,"  1877  (trans,  into  German) ;  •'  Spina 
Bifida,  the  Tumor  Removed  by  Ligature  " ;  "  Exsection  of  the 
Head  of  the  Femur  and  Removal  of  the  Upper  Rim  of  the 
Acetabulum  for  Morbus  Coxarius";  "Treatment  of  Croup  by 
Inhalation  of  Steam  "  ;  "  Lead  Palsy  from  the  Use  of  a  Cos- 
metic "  ;  "  Mechanical  Treatment  of  Chronic  Inflammation 
of  the  Joints  of  the  Lower  Extremities  "  ;  "  Partial  Paralysis 
from  Reflex  Irritation  caused  by  Congenital  Phymosis " ; 
"A  Simple  Dressing  for  Fracture  of  the  Clavicle";  "On 
Anchylosis  "  ;  "  Clinical  Lectures  on  Disease  of  the  Hip- 
joint  "  ;  "Spinal  Anaemia,  with  Partial  Paralysis  and  want 
of  Coordination  from  Irritation  of  the  Genital  Organs"; 
"Report  on  Fractures";  "Report  on  Pott's  Disease,  or 
Caries  of  the  Spine,  Treated  by  Extension  and  Plaster-of- 
Paris  Bandage  "  ;  "  On  Disease  of  the  Knee-joint"  ;  "Spon- 
dylitis and  Rotary  Lateral  Curvature  of  the  Spine  "  (trans, 
into  Italian) ;  "  On  the  Necessity  of  Cutting  Contractured 
Tissues  in  Cases  of  Deformity  Before  Traction  is  At- 
tempted" ;  "  Results  in  Cases  of  Hip-joint  Disease  Treated 
by  the  Portable  Traction  Hip  Splint,"  1892.  Father  of 
Reginald  H.  Sayre  (1885,  II). 


Consulting  Stirgeons.  113 

Appointed.  Died. 

1892  Smith,  Stephen,' 

1847  Stevens,*  Alexander  Hodgdon, 1869. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Penn.,  1811;  LL.  D.,  elsewhere;  Prof.  Surg., 
Oueen'sColl.,N.  J.,  1814-26;  Prof.  Clin.  Surg.,  Coll.  Phys. 
and  Surg.,  N.  Y.,  1837-39;  Emeritus,  1844-69;  Pres.  Fac- 
ulty, 1843-55;  Pres.  Med.  Soc.  State  of  N.  Y.,  1848-49; 
Amer.  Med.  Assoc.,  1848;  N.  Y.  Acad.  Med.,  1851.  Au- 
thor of  "  A  Treatise  on  Cholera,"  1832.  Died  in  N.  Y.  City, 
1869,  set.  80. 

1854  Van  Buren,*  William  Holme, 1883. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1838;  A.  M.,1864;  M.  D.,  Univ.  Penn.,  1840; 
LL.  D.,  1879;  Asst.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1840-46;  Memb. 
Exec.  Com.  U.  S.  San.  Com.  during  War;  Prof.  Anat. , 
Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1852-66;  Prof.  Surg.,  Bell.  Hosp.  Med. 
Coll.,  1866-83;  house  staff.  La  Charite  Hosp.,  Paris,  un- 
der Velpeau  ;  Asst.  Surg.,  N.  Y.  and  St.  Vincent's  Hosps. 
Author  of  "Contributions  to  Practical  Surgery,"  1865; 
"  Diseases  of  the  Rectum,"  1870  (2d  ed.,  enlarged  and  re- 
vised, 1882)  ;"  Genito-Urinary  Surgery  "  (withE.  L.  Keyes), 
1874.  Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  1883,  ast.  64;  cause,  cerebral 
hemorrhage.  Great-grandson  of  John  Van  Beuren  (1736- 
1765),  and  grandnephew  of  Beekman  M.  (1765-76). 


CONSULTING   SURGEONS. 

arranged    CHRONOLOGICALLY. 
Appointed.  Died 

1847  MoTT,*  Valentine, 1865 

1847  Stevens,*  Alexander  Hodgdon, 1869 

1854  Van  Buren,*  William  Holme, 1883 

1868  Parker,*  Willard, 1884 

1884  Hamilton,*  Frank  Hastings, 1886 

1884  MoTT,*  Alexander  Brown, 1889 

1884  Sayre,  Lewis  Albert,      

1887  Keyes,  Edward  Lawrence, 

1892  Smith,  Stephen,      

8  1  See  List  of  Internes  1850-94. 


114  ^^^  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 


VISITING    PHYSICIANS. 

ARRANGED    ALPHABETICALLY. 

*  Deceased. 

1  See  List  of  Consulting  Physicians. 

2  See  List  of  Internes  1850-94. 

3  See  List  of  Internes,  Resident  Physician  and  Surgeons. 

4  See  List  of  Internes,  Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

Appointed.  ReMgned  or  Died. 

1885  Ball,  Aloxzo  Bravto.x 1890. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  i860;  >L  D.,  Columb.,  1863;  Prof.  Mat. 
Med.  Woman's  Med.  Coll.,  N.  Y.  Infirm.  ;  Lect.  Dis.  Kid- 
neys, Columb.,  1870-76. 

1855  Barker,*  Fordvce,' 1879. 

1886  Biggs,  Hermann  Michael,- 1887. 

1892  Biggs,  Hermann  Michael  (2d  time),  ... 

1823  Brown,*  Stephen,-' 1826. 

1810  BucH.\NAN,*  Walter  W., 18 12. 

1874  BuDi),*  Charles  A., 1877. 

A.  B.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1850;  M.  D.,  1852;  Trinity  (««' 
ctind.),  A.  M.;  Res.  Phys.,  Cholera  Hosp.  N.  Y.,  1854; 
Prof.  Obstet.,  N.  Y.  Med.  Coll.,  1860-63;  Prof.  Obstet.  & 
Dis.  Wom.  &  Child.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1865-77  ;  Vis.  Phys., 
Charity  Hosp.  N.  Y.,  1866-75,  Cons.  Phys.,  1875-77; 
Cons,  Phys.,  N.  Y.  State  Woman's  Hosp.;  Pres.  N.  Y. 
Obstet.  Soc,  187 1.  Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  1877,  ast.  47  ;  cause, 
aortic  aneurism,  rupture  into  pleural  cavity. 

1847  Clark,*  Alonzo,' 1884. 

1849  Cock,  Thomas  Ferris,' 1855. 

1877  Curtis,  John  Green,- 1880. 

1885  Dana,  Charles  Loomis,- 

1875  Delafield,  Francis,^ 1886. 


Visiting  Physicians.  1 1 5 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

1817  Drake,*  Charles, 1826. 

Asst.  Surg.,  N.  Y.  Vol.  Inf.,  1812-14;  Phys.,  N.  Y.  State 
Prison;  Phys. -in- Chief,  Yellow  Fever  Hosp.,  Fort  Stevens, 
N.  Y.,  1819-22.  Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  1832,  aet.  42;  cause, 
chronic  bronchitis. 

1882  Drake,*  Frederick  Richard  Seward,     .    .    1888. 

M.  U.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1871  ;  House  Phys.,  Charity 
Hosp.,  1869-70;  Vis.  Phys.,  1874-82.  Died  in  N.  Y.  City, 
1888;   cause,  acute  tonsillitis. 

1847  Elliot,*  Augustus  Greele, 1849. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1839;  A.  M.,  1842;  M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  & 
Surg.,  1843. 

1854  Elliot,*  George  Thomson, 1871. 

A.  B.,  Columb.,  1845;  A.  M.,  1849;  M.  D.,  Univ.  City 
of  N.  Y.,  1849;  Interne,  Dublin  Lying-in  Hosp.,  1849-50, 
N.  Y.  Lying-in  Asyl.,  1852-54;  Vis.  and  Cons.  Phys.  later; 
also,  Nursery  &  Child's  &  N.  Y.  State  Woman's  Hosps.  ; 
Prof.  Anat.,  Vt.  Med.  Coll.,  1855  ;  Prof.  Obstet.  &  Dis.  Wo- 
men &  Child.,  Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1 861-71.  Died  in 
N.  Y.  City,  1 87 1,  aet.  43  ;  cause,  apoplexy. 

1 86 1  Flint,*  Austin, 1886. 

M.  D.,  Harv.,  1833;  LL.  D.,  Louisville  (Ky.),  &  Yale 
(hon.),  1881  ;  founder  "Buffalo  Med.  Jour.,"  and  editor 
1846-56;  a  founder  Buffalo  Med.  Coll.,  1846;  Prof.  Theor. 
&  Pract.  Med.  &  Clin.  Med.  &  of  Pathol.,  1846-52,  and  again 
in  1856-58;  Theor.  and  Pract.  Med.,  Univ.  Louisville  (Ky.), 
1852-56;  Clin.  Med.,  Univ.  Louisiana,  1858-61;  Prin.  & 
Pract.  Med.,  Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1861-86;  Vis.  Phys., 
Charity  Hosp.,  New  Orleans,  1858-61  ;  Prof.  Path.  & 
Pract.  Med.,  L.  I.  Coll.  Hosp.,  1861  ;  Pres.  N.  Y.  Acad. 
Med.,  1873-75;  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  1883-84.  Author  of 
Prize  Essay,  "The  Variation  of  Pitch  in  Percussion  &  Re- 
spiratory Sounds,"  1852,  and  of  "The  Clinical  Study  of  the 
Heart  Sounds  in  Health  &  Disease,"  1859,  and  of  the  fol- 
lowing books:  "Continued  Fever,"  Buffalo,  1852;  "Re- 
port on  Dysentery,"  Buffalo,  1853  ;  "  Diseases  of  the  Respi- 
ratory Organs,"  Phila.,  1856;  "  Treatise  on  the  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Medicine."  (ist  ed.,  xvi.,  867  pp.,  8°,  Phila., 


ii6  Afi  Accoun/  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

H.  C.  Lea,  1866;  2d  cd.,  xvi.,  967  pp.,  8°,  1867;  3d  ed., 
1002  pp.,  8^,  1868;  4th  cd.,  xvi. ,  1070  pp.,  8°,  1873;  5ih 
ed.,  xvi.,  1 150  pp.,  8",  1881  ;  6th  ed.,  1160  pp.,  8°,  1886)  ; 
"Diseases  of  the  Heart,"  Phila.,  1870;  "Heart  Sounds," 
Phila.,  1870;  "Conservative  Medicine,"  Phila.,  1874; 
"Phthisis,"  Phila.,  1875;  "Clinical  Medicine,"  Phila., 
1879;  "  Physical  Exploration  of  the  Lungs,"  Phila.,  1882; 
"  Medical  Ethics  and  PItiquette,"  New-York,  1883  ;  "  Man- 
ual of  Auscultation  and  Percussion,"  Phila.,  1885.  Died 
in  N.  Y.  City,  1886,  aet.  74;  cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage 
Father  of  Austin  Flint,  2d  (1869-74),  and  grandfather  of 
Austin  Flint,  3d  (1890,  II). 

1869  Flint,  Austin,  Jr., 1874. 

M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1857;  LL.  D.,1885;  Surg.,  Buffalo  Gen. 
Hosp.,  1858;  U.  S.  (Ladies'  Home)  Gen.  Hosp.,  N.  Y. 
City,  1862-66;  Surg.-Gen.,  State  N.  Y.,  1874-78;  Prof. 
Physiol.,  Univ.  of  Buffalo,  1858-59;  N.  Y.  Med.  Coll., 
1859-60;  New  Orleans  School  Med.,  1860-61  ;  Bell.  Hosp. 
Med.  Coll.  since  1861  ;  L.  I.  Coll.  Hosp.,  1869-74.  Editor 
"Buffalo  Med.  Jour.,"  1857-60.  Author  of  "Physiol, 
of  Man,"  5  vols.,  8°,  pp.  500  (Appleton,  1866-74;  2d  ed., 
1875) ;  "  Chemical  Examination  of  Urine  in  Disease,"  pp.  76, 
N.  Y.,  1870  (6th  ed.,  1884);  "Physiological  Effects  of  Severe 
&  Protracted  Muscular  Exercise,"  pp.  91,  N.  Y.,  1871 
f'/V/,?;;;,  with  supplementary  remarks,  London,  1876);  "  Text- 
Book  of  Human  Physiology,  pp.978,  8°,N.Y.,  1875  (4th  ed., 
1888)  ;  "  Source  of  Muscular  Power,"  pp.  103,  N.  Y.,  1878  ; 
and  articles:  "Phenomena  of  the  Capillary  Circulation," 
inaug.  thesis,  Phila.,  1857;  "Experiments  on  the  Recur- 
rent Sensibility  of  the  Anterior  Roots  of  the  Spinal  Nerves," 
New  Orleans,  1861  ;  "  New  Function  of  the  Liver,"  Phila., 
1862;  "  The  Organic  Nitrogenized  Principles  of  the  Body, 
with  a  New  Method  for  their  Estimation  in  the  Blood," 
Phila.,  1863  ;  "  Reports  on  Diet  for  the  Institutions  under 
the  Charge  of  the  Commissioners  of  Public  Charities  and 
Correction,"  N.  Y.,  1867  ;  "  Historical  Considerations  Con- 
cerning the  Properties  of  the  Roots  of  the  Spinal  Nerves," 
N.  Y.,  1868;  "  Recherches  Experimentales  sur  une  Nouvelle 
Fonction  du  Foie,"Paris,  1848;  received  "Honorable  Men- 
tion," with  a  recompense  of  1500  francs,  from  the  Institute  of 
France  (Academic  des  Sciences)  in  1869  (Concours  Mon- 
tyon  Medicine  et  Chirurgie) ;   "  Glycogenic  Function  of  the 


Visiting  Physicians.  1 1 7 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

Liver,"  N.  Y.,  1869;  "Prolonged  Muscular  Exercise  and 
the  Elimination  of  Nitrogen,"  N.  Y.,  \2>yo{idt'iii,  2d  memoir, 
1871) ;  "  Reflex  Nervous  Action  in  Normal  Respiration, "Chi- 
cago, 1874;  "  Sourceof  Muscular  Power,"  London,  1876;  "Ex- 
cretory Function  of  the  Liver,"  Phila.,  1877;  "  Memoir  of 
Claude  Bernard,"  Phila.,  1878;  "Experiments  &  Reflec- 
tions on  Animal  Heat,"  Phila. ,  1879;  "  Is  the  Action  of  the 
Medulla  Oblongata  in  Normal  Respiration  Reflex.''"  Phila., 
1880;  "Cause  of  the  Movements  of  Ordinary  Respiration," 
London,  1881  ;  "  Treatment  of  Diabetes  Mellitus,"  Chicago, 
1884;  "Relations  of  Physiology  to  the  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine," N.  Y.,  1886;  "Mechanism  of  the  Singing  Voice," 
N.  Y.,  1888;  American  Medical  Students,"  Phila.,  1888; 
"  A  Possible  Revolution  in  Medicine,"  N.  Y.,  1888;  "Fever" 
(Address  in  behalf  of  the  U.  S.  deliv.  in  Gen.  Sess.  9th 
Intern.  Med.  Cong.,  Wash.,  1887);  "Late  Theories  Con- 
cerning Fever,"  N.  Y.,  1889;  "  The  Open  Door  of  Quackery," 
N.  Y.,  1889;  "The  Revolution  in  Medicine,"  N.  Y.,  1890, 
etc.  Son  of  Austin  Flint  (1861-86),  and  father  of  Austin 
Flint,  Jr.  (1890,   II). 

1887  Flint,  Austin  (2d  time), 

1853  Forrester,*  James  Calvin, 1854. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1829;  M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  &  Surg.,  1835. 
Died,  1881. 

1847  FOSTER,*  Samuel  Conant, 1853. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1834;  A.  M.,  1837;  M.  D.,  Jefferson, 
1837.      Died  in  1873. 

1886  FowLER,  George  Bingham, 

M.  D.,  Columb.,  1871;  Asst.  San.  Inspect.,  N.  Y.  City 
Health  Dept.,  1873-75;  Attend.  Phys., N.  Y.  Disp.,  1875-77; 
Med.  Exam.,  Provident  Savings  Life  Ins.  Co.,  N.  Y.,  later; 
Prof.  Chn.  Med.  &  Med.  Chem.,  N.  Y.  Post-Grad.  Med. 
Sch.  &  Hosp.,  since  1888. 

1882  Gillette,  Walter  Robarts,'- 

1847  GiLMAN,*  Chandler  Robbins,^ 1851. 

1859  Greene,  John  Winantz, 1869. 

M.  D.,  Coll.,  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1851. 
8a 


ii8  A?i  Account  of  Bel  lev  lie  Hospital. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

1847  H.\KRis,*  Stei'iikx  R., 1848. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1826.     Died  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  1879,  ast.  77. 

1806  HosACK,*  David, 18 10. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1789;  A.  M.,  1792;  M.  D.,  Univ. 
Penn.,  1791  ;  LL.  U.,  Edinburgh,  1818;  F.  R.  S.,  Lon-. 
don,  1816,  Edinburgh,  1817;  Vice-Pres.  Coll.  Phys.  and 
Surg.,  1822-26;  Prof.  Botany,  Columb. ,  1795-1807;  Mat. 
Med.,  1797-1807;  Surg,  and  Midwifery,  Coll.  Phys.  and 
Surg.,  1807-13;  Physics  and  Clin.  Med.,  1813-26;  Pres. 
and  Prof.  Pract.  Physic,  Rutgers  Med.  Coll.,  N.  Y.,  1826-31. 
Author  of  "Medical  Essays,"  3  vols.  8°,  1824  and  1830, 
containing  his  most  important  papers,  among  them  "  Yel- 
low Fever"  (1811,  etc.),  "Suspended  Animation  from 
Drowning,"  1792,  and  "  Laws  of  Contagion";  "Practical 
Nosology,"  1819  and  1821.  Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  1835, 
aet.  67 ;  cause,  apoplexy. 

1884  Hudson,*  Erasmus  Darwin,^ 1887. 

1874  Jacohi,  Abraham,      


M.  D.,  Bonn,  185 1  ;  Prof.   Dis.  Child.,  N.  Y.  Med  Coll., 
1861  ;  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1867-69;  Columb.  since  1869. 

1890  James,  Walter  Belknap, 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1879;    M.  D.,  Columb.,  1883:    Prof.  Clin. 
Med.,  Columb.,  since  1890. 

1872  J  ANEW  AY,  Edward  G.,- 1892. 

1859  LooMis,  Alfred  Lebbeus, 


A.  B.,  Union,  185 1;  M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1852; 
LL.  D.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1882  ;  Prof.  Theor.  and  Pract. 
Med.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1867;  Pres.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Med., 
1890-92.  Author  of  "  Physical  Diagnosis,"  vi.,  155  pp.,  8° 
(\Vm.  Wood  &  Co.,  1868;  6th  ed.,  1890);  "  Diseases  of  the 
Heart,  Lungs,  and  Kidneys,"  xii.,  549  pp.,  8°,  1875  ;  "  Lec- 
tures on  Fevers,"  x.,  401  pp.,  8°,  1877;  "Practical  Medi- 
cine," xv.,  1 102  pp.,  8°,  1884  (2d  ed.,  xvii.,  iioopp.,  1889. 
Wm.  Wood  &  Co.).    Father  of  Henry  P.  Loomis  (1884  II). 


Visiting  Physicians.  119 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

1887  LooMis,  Henry  Patterson,- 

1 87 1  LusK,  William  Thompson,     


M.  D.,  Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1864;  A.  M.,  Yale  (hon.), 
1872.  Served  in  N.  Y.  Vols,  as  private,  2d  Lieut.,  ist 
Lieut.,  Captain  and  Asst.  Adj. -Gen.,  1861-63.  In  Europe 
1864-68,  at  Heidelberg,  Berlin,  Edinburgh,  Paris,  Vienna, 
and  Prague.  Prof.  Physiol.,  L.  1.  Coll.  Hosp.,  1868-71; 
Lect.  Physiol.,  Harvard,  1870-71  ;  Prof.  Obstet.  and  Dis. 
Women  and  Child,  and  Clin.  Midw.,  Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll 
since  1871  ;  Pres.  Faculty  since  1890;  Vice-Pres.,  N.  Y. 
Obstet.  Soc,  1875;  Vis.  Phys.,  Nurs.  and  Child.  Hosp, 
1870-71,  Charity  Hosp.,  1870-71;  Cons.  Phys.,  Maternity 
Hosp.,  N.  Y.  Found.  Asyl.,  N.  Y.  Lying-in  Asyl.  ;  Vis. 
Gynaec,  St.  Vincent's  Hosp.;  Editor  "N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.," 
1871.  Author  of  "Histological  Doctrines  of  M.  Robin," 
' '  Ursemia  a  Common  Cause  of  Death  in  Uterine  Cancer  " ; 
"Irregular  Uterine  Action  During  Labor"  ;  "  Inquiry  into 
the  Pathology  of  Uterine  Cancer  "  ;  "  Clinical  Report  of  the 
Lying-in  Service  at  Bellevue  Hospital  for  1873  ";  "  Origin 
of  Diabetes,  With  Some  New  Experiments  Regarding  the 
Glycogenic  Function  of  the  Liver";  "  Cephalotribes  and 
Cephalotripsy,"  Phila.  Med.  and  Surg.  Report.,  1867; 
"Genesis  of  an  Epidemic  of  Puerperal  Fever,"  Amer. 
Jour.  Obstet.,  1873;  "Morphia  in  Childbirth,"  1877; 
"Nature,  Causes,  and  Prevention  of  Puerperal  Fever," 
Trans.  Intern.  Med.  Cong.,  1876;  "  Necessity  of  Caution 
in  the  Employment  of  Chloroform  During  Labor,"  Trans. 
Amer.  Gynaec.  Soc,  1877;  "  Description  of  a  new  Cepha- 
lotribe  Weighing  Less  than  two  Pounds,"  1867;  "  Science 
and  Art  of  Midwifery,"  xviii.,  763  pp.,  8"^  (Appleton,  1881  ; 
2d  ed.,  1885;  3d  ed.,  1892). 

1806  Macneven,*  William  James, 1808. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Vienna,  1783;  Prof.  Mat.  Med.,  Rutgers 
Med.  Coll.  ;  Lect.  Obstet.,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1808-11 ; 
Chem.,  181 1-26.  Died,  1841,  ast.  78  ;  cause,  injury  of  leg 
and  shock. 

1848  McCready,*  Benjamin  W.,' 1873. 

1 801  McIntosh,*  William, 1806. 

1847  Metcalfe,  John  Thomas,^ 1859. 


I  20  An  AccoHut  of  Bel  lev  uc  Hospital. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

1816  Pascalis,*  Felix, 18 17. 

Vis.  Phys.,  Bridewell,  1810;  M.  U.  Died  in  \.  Y.  City, 
1833,  an.  71. 

1882  PiiABoDV,  Ge(jrge  Livingston, 

A.  B.,  Columb.,  1870;  A.  M.,  1873;  M.  D.,  1873;  Prof. 
Mat.  Med.  &  Thcrap.,  Columb.,  since  1887;  Pathologist, 
N.  Y.  Hosp..  1877-88. 

1874  Polk,  William  Mecklenburg,-' 

1850  Robeson,*  Abel  Bellows,     '853. 

1886  Roosevelt,  James  West  , 

M.  D.,  Columb.,  1880;  Prof.  Clin.  Med.,  Columb.,  since 
1887. 

1882  S-MiTii,  Abram  Alexander," 

1 8 10  Smith,*  Gilbert, 1816 

A.  B.,  Columb.,  1793;  M.  D.,  elsewhere.  Died  in  Bedford, 
N.  Y.,  i85i,aet.  80.     P^ither  of  Charles  D.  Smith  (1849-59). 

1853  Taylor,*  Isaac  E.,' 1875. 

1859  Thomas,  Theodore  Gaillard,- 187 1. 

1875  Thomson,  William  Hanna, 

A.  B.,  Wabash,  1850;  A.  M.,  1857;  Yale  (hon.),  1861; 
M.  D.,  Albany,  1859;  LL.  D.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1885;  U. 
S.  Med.  Insp.,  1861-65  ;  Prof.  Mat.  Med.  &  Therap.,  Univ. 
City  N.  Y.,  since  1867. 

1886  TuTTLE,  George  Montgomery, 1889. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1877  ;  M.  D.,  Columb.,  1880;  Prcf.  Gynaecol., 
Columb.,  since  1885. 

1786  Vacher,*  John  Francis, 1793. 

M.  D.  ;  Surg.,  Amer.  Army,  Revol.  War,  until  1783  ;  Grig. 
Memb.  Soc.  oftheCincin.     Died,  1807. 

1765  Van  Beuren,*  Beekman  M., 1776. 

Died,  1812,  set.  85.  Son  of  John  Van  Beuren  (1736-65), 
and  granduncle  of  William  H.  Van  Buren  (1847-83). 


Visiting  Physicians.  1 2  i 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

1736  Van  Beuren,*  John, 1765. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Leyden,  about  1700.  Father  of  Beekman 
M.  (1765-76)  and  Peter  Van  Beuren  (1784-86)  (?),  and 
great-grandfather  of  WiUiam  H.  Van  Buren  (1847-83). 

1784  Van  Beuren,*  Peter, 1786. 

Son  (?)  of  John  Van  Buren  (1736-65). 

1847  Van  Buren,*  William  Holme, ^ 1848. 

1875  Walker,  Henry  Freeman,- 1884. 

1880  Williams,  James  Jeremiah, 1885. 

M.  D.,  Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1874;  Vis.  Phys.,  Infants' 
Hosp.,  Randall's  Island,  N.  Y.  City,  1888. 

1882  Wylie,  Walker  Gill. 


VISITING    PHYSICIANS. 

arranged  chronologically. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died 

1736  Van  Beuren,*  John, 1765 

1765  Van  Beuren,*  Beekman  M., 1776 

1784  Van  Beuren,*  Peter, 1786 

1786  Vacher,*  John  Francis, 1793 

1 801   McIntosh,*  William, 1806 

1806  HosACK,*  David 18 10 

1806  Macneven,*  William  James, 1808 

1 8 10  Buchanan,*  Walter  W. 181 2 

1810  Smith,*  Gilbert, 1816 

18 16  Pascalis,*  Felix, 18 17 

18 17  Drake,*  Charles, 1826 

1823  Brown,*  Stephen, 1826 

1847  Clark,*  Alonzo, 1884 

1847  Elliot,*  Augustus  Greele,      1849 

1847  Foster,*  Samuel  Conant,      1853 


122  .-/;/  ^IccoiDit  of  Bcllcvue  Hospital. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died 

847  Oilman,*  Chandi.ek  Robbins, 1851 

847  Harris,*  Stephen  R., 1848 

847  Metcalfe,  John  Thomas 1859 

847  Van  Buren,*  William  Holme, 1848 

848  McCreadv,*  Benjamin  \V., 1873 

849  Cock,  Thomas  F"erris, •   .    .  1855 

850  Robeson,*  Abel  Bellows,      1853 

853  Forrester,*  James  Calvin, 1854 

853  Taylor,*  Isaac  E., 1875 

854  Elliot,*  George  Thomson, 1871 

855  Barker,*  Fordyce, 1879 

859  Greene,  John  Winantz, 1869 

859  LooMis,  Alfred  Lebbeus, 

859  Thomas,  Theodore,  Gaillard, 1871 

861   Flint,*  Austin 1886 

869  Flint,  Austin,  Jr., 1874 

871  LusK,  William  Thompson, 

872  Janeway,  Ed\vard  G., 1892 

874  BuDD,*  Charles  A., 1877 

874  Jacobi,  Abraham,      

874  Polk,  William  Mecklenburg, 

875  Delafield,  Francis, 1886 

875  Thomson,  William  Hanna,       

875  Walker,  Henry  Freeman, 1884 

877  Curtis,  John  Green, 1880 

880  Williams,  James  Jeremiah,       1885 

882  Drake,*  Frederick  Richard  Se\vard,     .    .  1888 

882  Gillette.  Walter  Robarts, 

882  Peabody,  George  Livingston, 

882  Smith,  Abram  Alexander, 

882  Wylie,  Walker  Gill, 

884  Hudson,*  Erasmus  Darwin, 1887, 

885  Ball,  Alonzo  Brayton, 1890, 

885  Dana,  Charles  Loomis,      

886  Biggs,  Hermann  Michael, 1887, 

886  Fowler,  George  Bingham,       


Visiting  Surgeons.  123 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

Roosevelt,  James  West, 

TuTTLE,  George  Montgomery, 1889. 

887  Flint,  Austin,       

887  LooMis,  Henry  Patterson,       

890  James,  Walter  Belknap,       

892  Biggs,  Hermann  Michael 


VISITING   SURGEONS. 

arranged  alphabetically. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

181 7  Akerley,*  Benjamin, 18 19. 

1887  Alexander,  Samuel,-      

1882  Bryant,  Joseph  Decatur,- 

1847  Childs,  S.  R.,      1850. 

1859  Church,*  William  Henry, 1866. 

Surg.,  U.  S.  Vol.  Inf.,  1861-63;  Div.  Surg.,  Burnside's 
Stafif;  Con.  Phys.,  N.  Y.  Instit.  for  Blind;  Exam.  Phys., 
Security  Life  Ins.  Co.,  N.  Y.  Died  in  Pau,  P'rance,  1866, 
set.  40 ;  cause,  pulmonary  hemorrhage. 

1853  Corson,  John  W., 1853. 

1853  Crane,*  John  Jacob, 1878. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1840;  A.  M.,  1843;  M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys. 
&  Surg.,  1844.  In  practice  in  N.  Y.  City,  1844-75;  re- 
tired and  living  in  New  Haven,  Ct.,  1875-90.  Died  in 
New  Haven,  1890,  aet.  70;  cause,  diabetes  mellitus. 

1875  Crosby,*  Alpheus  Benning, 1877. 

M.  D.,  Dartmouth,  1856;  Adj.  Prof.  Surg.,  Dartmouth, 
1862-70;  Prof.,  1870;  Prof.  Surg. ,  Univ.  Vermont,  Univ. 
Michigan,  Long  Island  Coll.  Hosp.  ;  Prof.  Anat.,  Bell. 
Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1872-76;  Surg.,  1876-77.  Author  of 
"Gun-shot   Wounds   of    Knee    Requiring   Amputation"; 


124  -'if^  Account  of  Be  I  lev  ue  Hospital. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

"  First  Operation  on  Record  of  Removal  of  Entire  Arm 
with  Scapular  and  Three-fourths  of  Clavicle,  Recovery"; 
"A  Lost  Art  in  Surgery";  "The  Ethical  Relations  of 
Physician  and  Patient."      Died  in  N.  Y.  City,  1877. 

1877  D.\RBV,*  John  Thomson, 1879. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Penn. ;  Interne,  St.  Joseph  &PhiIa.  Hosps.  ; 
Surg.,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65  ;  Vol.  Field  Surg.,  German  War, 
1866;  Prof.  Surg.  &  Anat.,  Univ.  of  S.  C.  ;  Prof.  Surg. 
Anat.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1873-75;  Prof.  Surg.,  1875-79. 
Author  of  "Campaign  Notes  on  the  German  War"; 
"  Anatomy,  Physiology  and  Pathology  of  Supra-renal 
Capsules";  "The  Trephine  in  Traumatic  Epilepsy"; 
"Horsehair  as  a  Ligature  and  Suture."  Died  in  1879, 
aet.  43. 

1882  Dennis,  Frederick  Shepard,- 

1819  DvcKMAN,*  Jacob,      1822. 

A.  B.,  Columb.,  1810;  M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  &  Surg.,  1813; 
Health  Com.,  N.  Y.,  1821.  Editor  "Duncan's  Dispensa- 
tory," 1818.  Died  in  King's  Bridge,  N.  Y.,  1822,  ait.  34; 
cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

1882  Fluhrer,  William  Francis,- 

1889  Gallaudet,  Bern  Budd, 

M.  D.,  Columb.,  1884;   A.  M.,  elsewhere. 

1859  Goulev,  John  William  Severin,- 

1849  Greene,*  Isaac,     1854. 

M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  &  Surg.,  1841.  Died  in  Cornwall, 
N.  Y.,  1854;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

1 89 1  GwvER,  Frederick  Walker,- 

1885  Hall,  Richard  John, 1890. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1875;  M.  D.,  Columb.,  1878;  Adj. 
Prof.  Prin.  Surg.,  Columb.,  1887-89. 

1883  Halsted,  William  Stewart,- 1887. 

1 86 1   Hamilton,*  Frank  Hastings,' 1882. 


Visiting  Sin^geons.  125 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

1887  Hartley,  Frank,'- 1892. 

1876  Keyes,  Edward  Lawrence,^ 1887. 

1883  Lange,  Frederick  E., 1884. 

M.  D.,  Konigsberg,  1872. 

1854  LiDELL,*  John  A/' 1858. 

1887  Markoe,  Francis  Hartman, 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1876;  M.  D.,Colunib.,  1879;  Clin.  Lect. 
Surg.,  Columb.,  since  1887.  Son  of  Thomas  Masters 
Markoe  (1868-77). 

1868  Markoe,  Thomas  Masters, ^'^T7- 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1836;  M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1841 ; 
Prof.  Path.  Anat.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1852-54;  Adj.  Prof. 
Surg.,  Columb.,  1860-71  ;  Prin.  and  Pract.  Surg.,  1871-79; 
Prin.  Surg.,  1879-88;  Emeritus  since  1888.  Author  of  "A 
Treat,  on  Diseases  of  Bones,"  viii.,  416  pp.,  8°  (Appleton, 
1872).     Father  of  Francis  Hartman  Markoe  (1887). 

1875  Mason,*  Erskine,- 1882. 

1882  McBuRNEY,  Charles," 1888. 

1859  Meier,*  Carl  Theodor  Maxim, 1864. 

Died  in  1864. 

1859  Mott,*  Alexander  Brown,^      1882. 

1847  Parker,*  Willard,' 1853. 

1856  Parker,*  Willard  (2d  time) 1868. 

1878  Phelps,  Charles,- 

1876  Sabine,*  Thomas  Taunton, 1882. 

A.  B  ,  Columb.,  1861  ;  A.  M.,  1863  ;  M.  D.,  1864;  Asst. 
Dem.  Anat.,  1866-70;  Dem.  Anat.,  1870;  Adj.  Lect.  Anat., 
1870;  Adj.  Prof.,  1871-79;  Prof.,  1879-88;  Vis.  Surg., 
St.  Luke's  Hosp.  Died  in  1888,  aet.  47;  cause,  pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

1862  Sands,*  Henry  Berton,'- 1877. 


126  .'hi  Accoiuit  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

1853  Savke,  Lewis  Albert.' 1883. 

1849  Smith,*  Charles  D., 1859. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Penn.,  1837:  in  Paris,  1837-39;  Surg., 
U.  S.  A.,  1861-65,  Army  of  Potomac;  a  Founder  N.  Y. 
Med.  and  Surg.  Soc. ;  Vis.  Surg.,  N.  Y.  Hosp.,  later.  Died 
in  N.  Y.  City,  1891,  ict.  67;  cause,  apoplexy.  Son  of 
Gilbert  Smith  (1810-16). 

1875  Smith,  Gouverneur  Mather, 1876. 

A.  B.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  1852;  M.  D.,  Coll.  Phys.  & 
Surg.,  1855  ;  A.  A.  Surg.,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-65;  Vis.  Phys., 
N.Y.  Hosp.,  1876-79;  Cons.  Phys.  since  1879;  Vis.  Phys., 
Presby.  Hosp.,  1875;  Vice-Pres.   Acad.  Med.,  1875-78. 

1854  Smi'ih,  Stephen,- 1892. 

1847  Stewart,*  Ferdinand  Campbell, 1848. 

M.  D.,  Univ.  Penn.,  1837;  Phys.,  U.  S.  Legation,  Paris, 
1840-43;   Phys.,  Marine  Hosp.,  1849-51. 

1879  Stimson,  Lewis  Atterburv, 

M.  D.,  Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1874;  Prof.  Physiol.,  Univ. 
City  N.  Y.,  1883;  Anat.  &  Clin.  Surg.,  1883-90;  Prof. 
Surg,  since  1890. 

1847  Stone,*  John  Osgood 1854. 

A.  B.,  Harvard.  1833;  AL  U.,  1836;  Attendg.  Phys.,N.  Y. 
Disp.,  1845-47  ;  Trustee,  1855-61 ;  Commiss.  Metrop.  Board 
Health,  1866.    Died  in  1876,  a;t.  63;  cause,  cardiac  disease. 

1892  Taylor,  Robert  W 

M.  D.,  Columb.,  1868;  Vis.  Surg.,  City  (late  Charity) 
Hosp. 

1847  Vache,  Alexander,-' 1848. 

1848  Van  Buren,*  Willi a.\i  Holme," 1853. 

1882  Weir,  Robert  Fulton,       1883. 

A.  B.,  N.  Y.  Free  Acad.,  1854;  A.  M.,  1859;  M.  D., 
Coll.  Phys.  and  Surg.,  1859;  Curator,  N.  Y.  Hosp.,  1860- 
1861 ;  Asst.  Surg.,  12th  Reg.  N.  Y.  Vols.,  1861  ;  Asst.  Surg., 
U.  S.  A.,  1861-65;   Vis.  Surg.,  St.  Luke's  Hosp.,  1865-75; 


Visiting  Surgeons.  127 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

Clin.  Asst.,  N.  Y.  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1865  ;  Aural.  Surg. 
1866-74;  Vis.  Phys.  Nursery  and  Child's  Hosp.,  1866-70: 
Prof.  Surg.,  Woman's  Med.  Coll.,  N.  Y.  Infirm.,  1868-69: 
Cons.  Surg.,  N.  Y.  Infirmary  for  Women  and  Child.,  i8( 
Vis.  Surg., Roosevelt  Hosp.,1871-81,  Cons.  Surg., 1888;  Vis. 
Surg.,  N.  Y.  Hosp.,  since  1876;  Lect.  Genilo-U.  Dis.,  Co- 
lumb.,  1873-80;  Prof.  Clin.  Surg.,  1884-92;  Prof.  Surg, 
since  1892. 

1877  White,*  John  Payson  Paul,-       1882. 

1847  Wood,*  Jaimes  Rushmore,      1882. 

M.  D.,  Castleton  (Vt.),  1846;  LL.  D.,  Geneva  (N.  Y.); 
Demon.  Anat.,  Castleton,  1846-47;  Pres.  N.  Y.  Pathol. 
Soc. ;  Vis.  Surg.,  St.  Vincent's  and  N.  Y.  Opthal.  Disp. ; 
Cons.  Surg.,  Colored  Orphan  Asyl.  Ligated  carotid 
and  sub-clavian  arteries,  same  side,  for  aneurism  of 
innominate  —  successful;  one  of  first  to  cure  aneurism 
by  digital  compression,  1848;  operated  for  removal  of 
Meckel's  ganglion  with  superior  maxillary  division  of  tri- 
geminus in  nearly  one  fourth  of  all  the  cases  in  the  world, 
prior  to  1879;  devised  the  operation  of  division  of  pero- 
neus  muscles  in  chronic  inflammation  of  the  tendon,  and  was 
the  first  to  devise  a  treatment  for  chronic  inflammation  of 
knee-joint  by  division  of  hamstrings  and  tendo  Achilles; 
among  first  in  America  to  perform  resection  of  shoulder  and 
elbow-joints;  pioneer  in  periosteal  surgery.  Author  of 
"  Removal  of  Entire  Lower  Jaw  "  ;  '"Ligation  of  E.xternal 
Iliac  Artery";  "Spontaneous  Dislocation  of  Head  of  the 
Femur  into  Ischiatic  Notch  Occurring  in  Morbus  Coxarius," 
1847;  "Early  History  of  Operation  of  Ligation  of  Primi- 
tive Carotid  Artery,"  1857;  "Strangulated  Hernia,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  and  Surg.  Rep.,  1845  ;  "Ligation  of  External  Iliac 
Artery,  Followed  by  Secondary  Hemorrhage,"  1856;  "Phos- 
phorous Necrosisof  Lower  Jaw,"  1856.  Died  in  N.  Y.  City, 
1882,  aet.  69;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 

1890  WooLSEY,  George, 

A.  B.,  Yale,   1891  ;   M.  D.,  Columb.,  1885;  Prof.  Anat., 
Univ.  City  N.  Y.,  since  1890. 

1 88 1  Wright,  Joel  Williston, i 

M.  D.,  Columb.,  1866;  Prof.  Obstet.,  Univ.  City  N.  Y., 
1876-79;  Prof.  Surg.,  1879-89. 


128  Ail  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died. 

1878  Yale,  Lkrov  Milton,      .    .  1883. 

A.  B.,  Columb.,  1862;  A.  AL,  1865  ;  M.  D.,  Hell.  Hosp. 
Med.  ColL,  1866;  Res.  Surg.,  Brooklyn  City  Hosp.,  1864- 
1865  ;  House  Phys. ,  Charity  Hosp.,  1866  ;  Asst.  to  Chair  Or- 
thop.  Surg.,  Bell.  Hosp.  Med.  Coll.,  1868-76;  Adj.  Lect., 
1876-83;  Lect.  Obstet.,  Univ.  Vermont,  1870;  Vis.  Phys., 
Charity  Hosp.,  1871-74;  Vis.  Surg.,  1874-77;  Presby. 
Mosp.,  1880-84. 


VISITING   SURGEONS. 


ARRANGED    CHRONOLOGICALLY. 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died 

819 


1817  Akerlev,*  Benjamin, 

1819  Dyckman,*  Jacob 

1847  Childs,*  S.  R., 

1847  Parker,*  Willakd, 

1847  Stewart.*  Ferdinand  Campbell, 

1847  Stone,*  John  Osgood, 

1847  Vache,*  Alexander, 

1847  Van  Buren,*  William  Holme, 
1847  Wood,*  James  Rushmore,  .    .    .    . 

1849  Greene,*  Isaac, 

1849  Smith,*  Charles  D., 

1853  Corson,*  John  W., 

1853  Crane,*  John  Jacob, 

1853  Sayre,  Lewis  Albert,     .    .    .    .    . 

1854  Lidell,*  John  A.,      

1854  Smith,  Stephen, 

1856  Parker,*  Willard  (2d  time),  .  .  . 
1859  Church,*  William  Henry,  .  .  . 
1859  Gouley,  John  William  Seyerin, 
1859  Meier,*  Carl  Theodor  Maxim,  . 
1859  Mott,*  Alexander  Brown,  .    .    . 


850 

853 
848 

854 
848 

853 
882 

854 
859 

853 
878 

883 
858 
891 
868 
866 

864 


Visiting  Surgeons.  129 

Appointed.  Resigned  or  Died 

861  Hamilton,*  Frank  Hastings, 1882 

862  Sands,*  Henry  Berton, 1877 

868  Markoe,  Thomas  Masters, 1877 

875  Crosby,*  Alpheus  Benning, 1877 

875  Mason,*  Erskine,     1882 

875  Smith,   Gouverneur  Mather, 1876 

876  Keyes,  Edward  Lawrence, 1887 

876  Sabine,*  Thomas  Taunton, 1882 

877  Darby,*  John  Thomson, 1879 

877  White,*  John  Payson  Paul, 1882 

878  Phelps,  Charles, 

878  Yale,  Leroy  Milton, 1883 

879  Stimson,  Lewis  Atterbury, , 

881  Wright,  Joel  Williston, i 

882  Bryant,  Joseph  Decatur, 

882  Dennis,  Frederick  Shepard, 

882  Fluhrer,  William  Francis, 

882  McBurney,  Charles, i 

882  Weir,  Robert  Fulton,      i 

883  Halsted,  William  Stewart, 1887 

883  Lange,  Frederick  E., 1884 

885  Hall,  Richard  John, 1890 

887  Alexander,  Samuel, , 

887  Hartley,  Frank, 1892 

887  Markoe,  Francis  Hartman, 

889  Gallaudet,  Bern  Budd, 

890  Woolsey,  George, 

891  GwYER,  Frederick  Walker, 

892  Taylor,  Robert  W., 


130  Ah  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

LIST  OF  THOSE  MEMBERS  OF  THE 

CONSULTING   AND   VISITING    STAFFS 

WHO    WERE    PREVIOLSI.Y    INTERNES. 

Interne.  Visiting.  Consulting. 

Stephen  Brown,*     .    .  1815-20,  1823-26 
Isaac  Wood,*     ....  1826-33,  1852-68. 

Alexander  F.  Vache,*  1840-42,  1847-48 

Thomas  F.  Cock,   .    .    .  1840-41,  1849-55 

John  A.  Lidell,*  .    .    .  1848-49,  1854-58 

Stephen  Smith.     .    .    .  1851,11  1854-91        1892-. 

T.  Gaillard  Thomas,  .  1853,11  1859-71 

John  W.  S.  Gouley,  .    .  1854,  I  1859- 

Henry  B.  Sands,*  .    .    .  1855.  I  1862-77 

Edward  G.  J  anew  ay,  .  1865,  II  1872-92 

William  M.  Polk,  .    .     1870,  II  1874- 

Francis  Delafield,     .  1864,  II  1875-86         1886. 

Erskine  Mason,*  .    .    .  1861,  I  1875-82 

Henry  F.  Walker,   .    .  1867,  II  1875-84 

John  P.  P.  White,*    .    .  1862,  II  1877-82 

John  G.  Curtis,     .    .    .  1870,  II  1877-80 

Charles  Phelps,   .    .    .  1859,  I  &  II  1878- 

William  F.  Fluhrer,  .  1873,  I  1882- 

Charles  McBurney,    .  1870,  II  1882-88 

Joseph  D.  Bryant,    .    .  1871,  I  1882- 

W.  Gill  Wylie,  .    .    .    .1872,1  1882- 

A.  Alexander  Smith,  .  1872,  II  1882- 

Frederick  S.  Dennis,  .  1876.  I  1882- 

Walter  R.  Gillette,  .  1864,  I  1882- 

WlLLIAM  S.  HALSTED,     .    1878,  I  1 883-87 

E.  Darwin  Hudson,*    .  1868,  II  1884-87 
Thomas  A.  McBride,*  .  1872,  I  &  II        1885-86 

Charles  L.  Dana,     .    .1878,11  1885- 

Hermann  M.  Biggs,  .    .  1884,  II  \  ^  ,gQ-,i 


Resident  Physician  and  Surgeons.  131 


Interne. 

Visiting. 

1883,    I 

1887- 

1884,    II 

1887- 

1882,    I 

1887-9 

1885,    I 

I89I- 

Samuel  Alexander, 
Henry  P.  Loomis,  .  . 
Frank  Hartley,  .  . 
Fred  W.  Gwyer,   .    . 


INTERNES. 

1 806- 1 894. 
arranged  alphabetically. 

*  Deceased.      %  Subsequent  history  not  ascertained.       2  See  List  of  Internes,  1850-94. 

RESIDENT    PHYSICIAN    AND    SURGEONS. 

1806-1817. 
Bro\yn,*  Stephen, i8 15-17. 

M.  D.  ;  House  Physician,  Bellevue  Establishment, 
1817-20;  Visiting,  1823-26;  New-York  Hospital, 
1826-32;  Professor  Pharmacy,  New-York  College  of 
Pharmacy,  1829.  Author  of  "On  the  New  Mode  of  Ban- 
daging Fracture  of  the  Clavicle,"  182 1  ;  "Report  of  a 
Case  of  Fractured  Patella  in  Bellevue  Penitentiary, 
Caused  by  an  Attempt  at  Escape,"  Med.  «&  Phys.  Jour., 
Vol.  v.,  p.  574;  "  Observations  on  the  Use  of  Nitrate 
of  Silver,  Embodying  also  the  Results  of  Ten  Cases  of 
Ulcerated  Sore  Throat,  etc.,"  1828;  "Prize  Essay  on 
Typhus  Fever,"  Amer.  Med.  Rec,  1828,  Vol.  XIV., 
p.  i.  ;  "  Prize  Essay  on  Small-pox,  Varioloid  and  Vac- 
cination," idem  1829,  Vol.  XVL,  p.  45.  Born  in  1786; 
died  in  Canaan,  N.  Y.,  April  12,  1855. 

Creed,§ 1810-. 

Huyler,*  John,<§> 1808-10. 

A.   B.,  Columbia,   1800;  A.  M.,  1803. 

Seaman,§  Richard, 1806-08. 

Sherrill,§  Hunting, 1808. 


132  A?i  Account  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

HOUSE    PHYSICIANS    AXU    HOUSK    SURGEONS. 

1817-1826. 

Belden,* Medical  Division,    i82o(?)-25. 

Died  in  the  hospital,  April,    1825,  of  typhus   fever. 
See  page  32. 

Brown,*  Stephen, Medical  Division,  1817-20. 

See  List  of  Resident  Physician  and  Surgeons,  above. 

HoWE,§  John,  Jr., Surgical  Division,    1817-20. 

King,*  Theodore  F.,    .    .    .    .  Surgical  Division,    1825-27. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1822;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1827.  Subsequently  in  Europe;  later,  in 
practice  in  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  and  later  still  in  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.  One  of  the  founders  of  Brooklyn  City  Hos- 
pital, 1840.  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  Kings 
County,  N.  Y.,  and  later  of  State  of  New  Jersey,  resid- 
ing in  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.  Born  in  1805  ;  died  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  September  2,  1868. 

RODGERS,*  James  H.,     ....  Medical  Division,   1825-26. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1825  ; 
Health  Officer,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Born  in  1802  ;  died 
in  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  January  30,  1852. 

SUCKLEY,*  John  Lang,     .    .       Surgical  Division,    1823-25. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1819;  A.  M.,  1823;  M.  U.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1823.     Died  in  1836. 

Westeryelt,*  John  E.,  .    .    .  Surgical  Division,    1820-23. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1820; 
Health  Officer,  New-York  City,  1826.  Born  in  1798; 
died  in  New  Brighton,  N.  Y.,  July  31,  1869. 


Resident  Physicians.  133 

RESIDENT    PHYSICIANS. 

1826-1849. 

Corning,^  John, 1842-43. 

Hasbrouck,*  Fenelon, 1846-47. 

A.  B.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1835  ;  M. 
D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1839.  Born  in 
1815  ;  died  in  Peekskill,  N.  Y.,  December  15,  1861. 

McClelland,*  John, 1844-46. 

A.  B.,  Union,  1832;  M.  D.,  elsewhere,  1836;  Physi- 
cian, New-York  Lunatic  Asylum,  1839-43;  in  practice 
in  New-York  City,  1843-44,  ai''d  again  1846-75.  Born 
in  Galway,  N.  Y.,  April  23,  1805;  died  in  New- York 
City,  February^20,  1875  ;  cause,  erysipelas. 

Ogden,*  Benjamin, 1834-35  &  ^"^17- 

M.  D. ,  Columbia,  1820.  In  London  and  Paris,  1823. 
House  Physician,  New-York  Hospital;  in  practice  in 
New-York  City,  1824-34;  Physician,  Bloomingdale  Lu- 
natic Asylum,  1837-39;  Visiting  Physician,  New-York 
City  Lunatic  Asylum;  Consulting  Physician,  Sandford 
Hall  Lunatic  Asylum,  Flushing,  N.  Y.,  1849-65;  Con- 
sulting Physician,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New-York  City; 
President,  Medical  Society  County  New-York,  1865; 
First  President,  Alumni  Association,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  New- York.  Born  in  New-York 
City,  October  14,  1797  ;  died  suddenly  in  New-York 
City,  November  9,  1855  ;  cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Reese,*  David  Meredith, 1847-49. 

M.  D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1819;  LL.  D.  ;  Pro- 
fessor, Institutes  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  and  Medical 
Jurisprudence,  Washington  University,  School  of  Medi- 
cine, Baltimore,  Md.  ;  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, Albany  (N.  Y.),  Medical  College,  1839,  and  later 
in  Castleton  (Vt.),  Medical  College  ;  in  private  practice, 
New-York  City,  1849-60;  Vice-President,  American 
Medical  Association,  1857;  Professor,  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, New-York  Medical  College,   i860;   Founder  and 

9A 


134  -^'^  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Editor  "New-York  Medical  Gazette  and  Journal  of 
Health,"  1850-61.  Author  of  "  Observations  on  the  Epi- 
demic of  1819  as  it  Prevailed  in  a  Part  of  the  City  of  Bal- 
timore" (Balto.,  1819),  12°,  pp.  xii.,  13-114;  "Cooper's 
Surgical  Dictionary"  (new  edition  of  6th  London,  1830; 
also  of  7th  Lond.  ed.,  "With  Supplementary  Appendix 
Embracing  all  Recent  Improvements  in  Europe  since 
1838  ;  and  a  Record  of  Meritorious  Operations  by  Amer- 
ican Surgeons"),  Harper  Bros.,  N.  Y.,  1848  ;  "  A  Plain 
and  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Epidemic  of  Cholera  as  it 
Prevailed  in  the  City  of  New-York  in  the  Summer  of 
1832,  including  its  Nature,  Causes,  Treatment,  and  Pre- 
vention," Connor  &  Cooke,  N.  Y.,  1833,  8°,  pp.  no; 
"Phrenology  Known  by  its  Fruits,"  Howe  &  Bates,  N.  Y., 
1836,  8°,  pp.  195  ;  "  Introductory  Lecture  Delivered  at 
the  Opening  of  the  Albany  Medical  College,  January  2, 
1839,"  Hoffman  &  White,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  1839,  8°,  pp. 
44  ;  "A  Plea  for  the  Intemperate,"  J.  S.  Taylor  &  Co., 
N.  Y.,  1841,  16^,  pp.  viii.,9-86;  "  Rudiments  of  Vege- 
table Physiology,"  Sorin  &  Ball,  Phila.,  1846,  12°,  pp. 
162  ;  "  Ship  Fever  at  the  Bellevue  Hospital,"  J.  «S:  H. 
G.  Langley,  N.  Y.,  1847,  8',  pp.  8,  also  N.  Y.  Jour. 
Med.,  1847,  Vol.  IX.,  p.  266;  "  Medical  Lexicon  of  Mod- 
ern Terminology,"  S.  S.  &  W.  Wood,  N.  Y.,  3d  ed., 
1855,  18°,  pp.  viii.,  11-233  ;  "Report  on  Infant  Mortal- 
ity in  Large  Cities;  the  Sources  of  its  Increase  and 
Means  for  its  Diminution,"  T.  K.  &  P.  G.  Collins,  Phila. , 
1857,  8°,  pp.  19,  also  Trans.  Amer.  Med.  Assoc,  1857, 
Vol.  X.  Born  in  Maryland,  1800;  died  in  New- York 
City,  May  13,  1861  ;  cause,  cardiac  disease. 

Stephenson,<^ 1^33-34- 

Vache,*  Alexander  F 1840-42. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1825; 
Physician  to  the  Marine  Hospital,  New-York  City ;  Vis- 
iting Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1847-48.  Born  in 
1799;  died  in  New-York  City,  June  9,  1857;  cause, 
exhaustion. 

Van  Hoevenburg,*  Henry, 1837-39. 

M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1812;  Assistant  Surgeon,  13th  In- 
fantry Regiment,  U.  S.  A.,  1812-14;  served  on  the  Ni- 
agara frontier,  and  organized  the  first  military  hospital 


Assistant  Resident  Physicians.  135 

after  the  battle  of  Oueenstovvn  ;  resigned,  1814;  Surgeon 
on  a  privateer  in  United  States  service,  1814-15  ;  in  prac- 
tice in  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  1815-17;  Kingston,  N.  Y., 
1817-27;  Deputy  Health  Officer,  Port  of  New- York, 
1838-43  ;  Health  Officer,  1843-48  ;  retired  and  living  in 
Kingston,  N.  Y.,  1848-56.  Born  in  Staatsburgh,  N.  Y., 
November  3,  1790;  died  in  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  July  28, 
1868.  Father  of  James  O.  Van  Hoevenburg,  Assistant 
Resident  (1842-43). 

Whiting,*  Alexander  Backus, 1843-44. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1833;  A.  M.,  1836;  M.  D.,  1838;  Health 
Officer,  Port  of  New-York.  Born  in  Canaan,  N.  Y., 
March  3,  1814;  died  in  New-York  City,  May  2,  1868. 

Wood,*  Isaac, 1826-33. 

M.  D. ,  Queen's  College,  N.  J.,  1816;  Interne,  New- 
York  Hospital,  1814-16;  member  of  Committee  ap- 
pointed by  the  New-York  City  Common  Council,  April 
14,  1825,  to  investigate  causes,  etc.,  of  typhus  fever,  then 
prevalent  in  the  Penitentiary  ;  President  of  Kappa  Lamb- 
da Society  of  Hippocrates,  1845  ;  Medical  Society, 
County  of  New-York,  1846;  Vice-President,  New-York 
Academy  of  Medicine,  1849;  President,  1850-53;  Trus- 
tee, 1855-58;  Treasurer,  American  Medical  Associa- 
tion; Consulting  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1852-68. 
Born  in  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  August  21,  1793;  died  in 
Norwalk,  Conn.,  March  23,  1868;  cause,  acute  lobar 
pneumonia. 


ASSISTANT    RESIDENT    PHYSICIANS. 
Atwater,'^.  William, 1845-46. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians,  1845. 

Ayres,*  Daniel, 1844-45. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1842;  LL.  D.,  Wesleyan,  1856; 
M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1844; 
Visiting  Surgeon,  Brooklyn  Hospital,  1852-92;  Long 
Island  College  Hospital,  1859-92 ;   St.  Peter's   Hospi- 


136  A /I  AccoHut  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

tal,  1864-92;  Surgeon,  New-York  State  \'olunteers, 
1861-65  ;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Long  Island  College 
Hospital,  1858-74;  Emeritus  Professor  of  Surgical 
Pathology  and  Clinical  Surgery,  1874-92.  Author  of 
"  Successful  Treatment  of  Tetanus,"  N.  Y.  Jour.  Med., 
1852  :  "  Treatment  of  Membranous  Croup  by  Tracheot- 
omy," idem;  "Operation  for  Artificial  Anus  in  Groin 
and  in  Lumbar  Region,"  idet)i ;  "Successful  Reduc- 
tion of  Complete  Dislocation  of  the  Cervical  Vertebrae" 
(sec  Hamilton  "On  Fractures  and  Dislocations,"  8th 
ed.,  p.  536),  N.  Y.  Jour.  Med.,  1852,  et  seq.  ;  "Con- 
genital Exstrophy  of  the  Urinary  Bladder  and  its  Com- 
plications, Successfully  Treated  by  a  New  Plastic  Opera- 
tion," 1859  (see  "System  of  Surgery,"  S.  \V.  Gross, 
ed.  1882.  p.  671,  also  Erichson's  "Surgery,"  9th  ed., 
Vol.  II.,  p.  1080).  Born  in  Jamaica,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  22, 
1822;  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  18,  1892;  cause, 
diabetes,  senile  gangrene.  Dr.  Ayres  made  many  be- 
quests to  institutions,  those  to  Wesleyan  University 
aggregating  $275,000,  and  to  the  Hoagland  Laboratory, 
Brooklyn,  $10,000. 

Barney, §  Charles  G., 1840. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1841. 

Beai.s.*  Gorham, 1847-48. 

A.  B.,  Union,  1842  ;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1845  ;  Attending  Physician,  New-York  Dis- 
pensary, 1845-47.  Born  in  1819;  came  from  Canan- 
daigua,  N.  Y. ;  died  in  New-York  City,  January  9,  1848  ; 
cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty  in  the 
hospital. 

BiBBiNS,*  Willi A.M  Burr,- 1849. 

Blakeman,*  William  Rufus, 1847-48. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1847.  From  Fairfield,  Conn.  Died  in 
1848;  cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty  in 
the  hospital. 

BoYi),*  Samuel,  Jr 1826. 

A.  B.  ;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1828;  Health  Officer,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Born  in  1806; 
died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  March  7,  i860;  cause,  pul- 
monary abscess. 


AssistcDit  Resident  Physicians.  137 

Brown,*  David  Tilden,      1844-45. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1844; 
Physician  to  Bloomingdale  Lunatic  Asylum,  1852-77. 

BuEL,§  William  Peter, 1 829-30  (?). 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1826;  A.  M.,  1829;  M.  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1830;  Surgeon,  131st  Regi- 
ment New- York  State  Infantry. 

BuNYAN,*  George  Hume, 1844-45. 

A.  B.,  Union,  1843;  M.  D. ,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1846.     Died  in  Springfield,  O.,  1853. 

Burrall,*  George  William,  (?) 1848-49. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1844  ;  M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1847.  Died 
in  1 88 1,  aged  56  years. 

Cahoon,*  William  Wirt, 1848. 

A.  B.  ;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1848.  Came  from  Vermont.  Died  in  1848;  cause, 
typhus  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty  in  the  hospital. 

Campbell, §  Nicholas  Lafayette,  (?)     ....  1844-45. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1845; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1847. 

Casey, § 1837. 

Chapin,*  Edward  Rockwell, 1842-44. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1842; 
Physician  at  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Brattleboro,  Vt. , 
1842-49;  Surgeon  on  sailing  vessel  between  New- 
York  City  and  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  1849;  Superinten- 
dent of  one  of  the  city  hospitals,  San  Francisco,  and  in 
general  practice  there,  1850-55  ;  at  Brattleboro,  Vt. , 
1855;  Superintendent  Kings  County,  N.  Y.,  Insane 
Asylum,  1856-71.  Born  in  Chapinville,  Conn.,  Jan- 
uary I,  1827;  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  7,  1886; 
cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 

Clark,  James  Guyon, 1847. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1845  ;  in 
practice  in  West  New  Brighton,  N.  Y.,  since  1847. 
General  medicine  :   West  New  Brighton,  N.  Y. 


o 


8  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 


Cock,  Thomas  Ferris, 1840-41. 

A.  B.,  Havcrford  College,  1836;  LL.  D.,  1886;  M.  D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1840;  Attending  Physician, 
Northern  Dispensary  ;  V'isiling  Physician,  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital, 1849-55;  New-York  Hospital,  1855,  and  subse- 
quently until  present  time  Consulting  Physician  ;  Con- 
sulting Physician,  New- York  Asylum  for  Lying-in  Wo- 
men, since  1841  ;  New-York  Infirmary  for  Women  and 
Children,  since  1854;  New-York  State  Woman's  Hos- 
pital, since  1855.     Author  of  "  A  Manual  of  Obstetrics." 

Obstetrics:    175  Second  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

CoNDicT,  Isaiah  W.,- 1849. 

CooLiDGE,*  Richard  Hoffman, 1840. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1841  ;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1841-60;  Surgeon,  1860-62; 
Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  Medical  Inspector,  and  Colonel 
by  brevet,  1862.  Born  in  1820;  died  in  Raleigh,  N.  C, 
January  23,  1866. 

Cox,*  Henry  G., 1847-49. 

A.  B.,  Devonshire  College,  Bermuda,  1838;  M.  D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  New-York  City, 
1849;  Assistant  Physician,  Quarantine  Hospital,  Port 
of  New-York,  1849;  Visiting  Physician,  New-York 
State  Emigrants'  Hospital,  1850-55;  Consulting  Phy- 
sician, 1855-62;  Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice  of 
Medicine,  New-York  Medical  College,  1855;  Visiting 
Physician,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  1854-59. 
Born  in  Devonshire,  Bermuda,  October  28,  1818;  died 
in  New-York  City,  May  29,  1866;  cause,  paralysis  from 
congestion  of  the  brain. 

Daggett.*  Greenlief  Dearborn, 1848-49. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1848; 
President,  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Morris,  N. 
J.,  1854;  Trustee,  Boonton,  N.  J.,  Academy,  1854. 
Residence  after  leaving  the  hospital,  Pittstown,  and 
later,  Boonton,  N.  J.  Born  in  Greene,  Me.,  Novem- 
ber 10,  1818;  died  in  Boonton,  N.  J.,  July  23,  1854; 
cause,  dysentery. 


Assistant  Resident  Physicians.  139 

Darling,*  William, 1840. 

A.  M.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1862;  M. 
D.,  1842;  M.  R.  C.  S.,  1856;  F.  R.  C.  S.,  1866;  Prosec- 
tor, Chair  of  Surgery,  University  of  the  City  of  New- 
York,  1842-45;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  1845-53; 
Acting  Professor,  1851-52;  Professor,  1866;  Acting 
Professor,  Anatomy,  University  of  Vermont,  1871-73; 
Professor,  1873;  Senior  Assistant  Physician,  Quarantine 
Hospital,  Port  of  New-York,  1853-55  '  Senior  Assistant 
Surgeon,  New-York  State  Emigrants' Hospital,  1855-56. 
Born  about  1805  ;  died  in  New-York  City,  December  24, 
1884;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 

Davenport,*  Philip  Allen, 1840. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1837;  A.  M.,  1840;  M.  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1841.      Died  in  1857. 

Davis,§ 1847. 

Dayton,§ 1848. 

Deacon,*  John,      1846. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1847.     Died  in  1877. 

DuBois,*  Abram, 1834-35  &  ^'^17- 

A.  B.,  Trinity,  1830;  iM.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1835.  In  Europe,  1835-37.  Assistant  Surgeon, 
New-York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1843,  and  successively 
Surgeon,  Consulting  Surgeon  and  Secretary,  Trustee  and 
Vice-President,  till  1891 ;  Consulting  Surgeon,  New-York 
Institution  for  the  Blind;  Consulting  Physician,  Northern 
Dispensary  and  to  Home  for  Incurables;  Benefactor  of 
New-York  Academy  of  Medicine,  having  given  $8000 
to  build  extension  to  old  hall  in  Thirty-first  street,  and 
at  least  $2000  more  to  library,  besides  a  large  number 
of  books  from  his  own  collection ;  left  $80,000  to  New- 
York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary.  Born  in  Red  Hook, 
N.  Y.,  April  5,  1810;  died  in  New-York  City,  August 
30,    1891;   cause,  cardiac   disease. 

ElGENBRODT,*    DaVID    L., 1 834-3.5   &    1 837. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1836. 
Died  in  New-York  City,  January  3,  1880. 


140  Au  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

F"AiRCHiLn,*  Richard  Van  Wvck,- 1849. 

Fassett,§  Louis, 1848-49. 

Fraimi:,*  John,  Jr 1847. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  Ncw-Vork,  1847. 
Died  in  New-York  City  in  1847;  cause,  typhus  fever. 

Gallaer,*  John, 1847. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1847; 
Surgeon-in-Chief,  Panama  Railroad.  Died  in  Aspin- 
wall,  U.  S.  of  Colombia,  July  23,  i860. 

GouLD,§  (William  Moulton  ?), 1847-48. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1847. 

Green,*  Enoch, 1847-48. 

Student  of  medicine  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1847-48.  Died  in  1848;  cause,  typhus  fever, 
contracted  while  on  duty  in  the  hospital. 

Griswoli),*  George, 1826. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1824;  A.  M.,  1827;  M.  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1826.     Died  in  1836. 

Guernsey,*  Desault,- 1849. 

Hazelhurst,§  Abram, 1833-34. 

Hall,§ 1844. 

Hedges,*  Elihu  T., 1848. 

Student  of  medicine  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1847-48.  Died  in  1848;  cause,  typhus  fever, 
contracted  while  on  duty  in  the  hospital. 

Hewit,*  Henry  Stuart, 1847. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1847; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  and  subsequently  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1848-51;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Volun- 
teers, 1861-65  ;  Medical  Director,  Armies  of  West  Ten- 
nessee and  Mississippi,  and  Army  and  Department 
of  Ohio  ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Charity  Hospital,  New- York 


Assistant  Resident  Physicians.  141 

City,  and  President  of  Medical  Board,  1873  ;  Lecturer  on 
Clinical  Surgery,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1868-72  ;  Vice-President,  Alumni  Association,  Medical 
Department, University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1 867-73. 
Died  August  19,  1873;  cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Hyslop,*  James,      1840-42. 

A.  B.,  Union,  1836;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1841  ;  in  practice  in  New-York  City, 
1842-70.  Born  in  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.,  August  8,  1816; 
died  suddenly  in  New-York  City,  May  17,  1870;  cause, 
chronic  nephritis,  uriemic  convulsions.  Brother  of  Wil- 
liam Hyslop  (1852,  I). 

Ives,*  Levi,      1839-40. 

M.  D.,  Yale,  1838;  in  practice,  New  Haven,  Conn., 
1840-91  ;  Consulting  Physician  and  Surgeon,  New 
Haven  Hospital.  Born  in  New  Haven,  July  13,  1816; 
died  there  November  30,  1891;  cause,  chronic  nephritis. 
Relative  (brother?)  of  Charles  Linnasus  Ives  (1856,  I). 

Jenkins,  Henry  Duncan,'- 1849. 

Kingsbury,*  George  H.  H., 1847-48. 

M.  D.,  Berkshire;  Assistant  Physician,  Quarantine 
Hospital,  Port  of  New-York.  Born  in  Framingham, 
Mass.,  May  14,  1822;  died  in  New-York  City,  May  4, 
1852. 

KooN,§  A.  Hubbard, .  1845-46. 

Laxdon,*  Dillon  S.,      1849. 

A.  B.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1843; 
M.  D.,  1849;  Principal,  Public  School,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
1843-46;  Visiting  Physician,  Brooklyn  City  Hospital, 
1853-73.  Died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  April  20,  1873; 
cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Lawrence,*  John  James, 1845-46. 

Student  of  medicine  under  Dr.  Daniel  Ayres  of  this 
staff.  He  volunteered  to  act  as  a  substitute  while 
many  of  the  staff  were  ill  with  typhus  fever ;  contracted 
the  disease,  and  died  August  15,  1846,  aged  21  years. 
The  immediate  cause  of  death  was  a  rupture  of  the  gall 


142  An  Accouni  of  Bclleviic  Hospital. 

bladder  followed  by  diffuse  peritonitis.  A  detailed  ac- 
count of  the  case  is  to  be  found  in  the  "  New-York  Jour- 
nal of  Medicine,"  Vol.  \'ll..p.  315. 

Lawrence,^  J.  M., 1848-49. 

Levings,*  Noah  C,       1844-45. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1844; 
Surgeon  on  a  sailing  vessel  between  New-York  and  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  1849.  Born  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  March 
4,  1824;  died  in  New-York  City,  June  10,  1883;  cause, 
chronic  nephritis. 

LiDELL,*  John  A., 1848-49. 

M.  D.,  Albany,  1848;  Visiting  Physician,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  1854-58;  Brigade  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Volunteers, 
1861-66,  at  Stanton  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  in 
practice  in  New-York  City,  1866-83.  Born  in  Schuyler, 
N.  Y.,  November  10,  1823;  died  in  New-York  City, 
July  10,  1883. 

LoiNEs,*  Jonas  Powell,- 1849. 

Loving,  Starling,- 1849. 

Masters,*  Bezsin  Reese, 1848-49. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1848; 
Surgeon-in-Chief,  Panama  Railroad ;  Physician  to  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  New- York  City.  Born  in 
1827;  died  in  Pembroke  Parish,  Bermuda,  September  17, 
i860;  cause,  enlargement  of  the  liver. 

Mayo,  Willia.m  Starbuck 1833-34. 

M.  D. ,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1832. 
Retired  :  437  Fifth  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Miliiau,*  John  Jefferson, 1845. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1850; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1850-51;  Assis- 
tant Surgeon,  1851-62;  with  expedition  against  the 
Snake  Indians,  1855,  and  later,  Yakima  expedition  to 
Washington  Territory;  with  Rogue  River  Indian  Cam- 
paign, 1856;  at  Ft.  Leavenworth,  Kas.,  1857;  and 
Utah  Expedition,  1858  ;  Medical  Inspector,  Army  of  the 


Assistant  Resident  Physicians.  143 

Potomac,  1861  ;  Surgeon,  1862-76;  Medical  Director, 
3d  Army  Corps,  1862;  at  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness, 
Seven  Pines,  Malvern  Hill,  Yorktown,  and  Second  Bull 
Run;  Medical  Director  of  Military  Hospitals  and  Troops 
in  Maryland,  1862-63;  Medical  Director,  5th  Army 
Corps,  1863-64;  owing  to  sickness,  retired  and  ordered 
to  New-York;  Surgeon,  Central  Park  Hospital,  1864; 
Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel,  1864  ;  Brevet  Colonel,  1865  ; 
Brevet  Brigadier-General,  1866;  Medical  Director, 
Third  Military  District  and  Department  of  the  South, 
1867-69;  resigned,  1876;  Commissioner,  New- York 
State  Board  of  Charities,  1888-90;  in  private  prac- 
tice. New- York  City,  1876-91.  Born  in  the  south  of 
France,  December  28,  1828;  died  in  New-York  City, 
May  8,  1891  ;    cause,  abdominal  and  kidney  disease. 

Moon,*  Edward 1844-45. 

M.  D.  ;  Apothecary  to  Bellevue  Hospital,  1843-44. 
Born  in  England,  and  said  to  have  died  about  1877. 

MoRETON,  Henry, 1845-46. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1845  ;  in 
practice  in  New-York  City  since  1846.  Author  of  "A 
Case  of  Asphyxia  from  Drowning,"  N.  Y.  Med.  and 
Surg.  Reporter,  June  13,  1846;  also  several  other  papers. 

General  Medicine  :  157  Grand  street,  New-York  City. 

MoRRELL,^  Nicholas, 1843-45. 

MOTT,* 1847-48. 

From  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.  Said  to  have  died  a 
few  years  after  leaving  the  hospital. 

Mowbray,*  Jarvis  R.,      1844-45. 

A.  B.,  Union,  1840;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of 
New-York,  1844;  in  practice  in  Islip,  N.  Y.,  1845-65; 
subsequently  held  the  offices  respectively  of  Town  Clerk, 
Town  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  Health  Offi- 
cer, Justice  of  the  Peace,  Trustee  of  Town  Lands,  Su- 
pervisor and  Town  Treasurer.  Retired  from  practice, 
1865-86.     Died  in  Bay  Shore,  N.  Y.,  July  27,  1886. 

Mullen,*  Peter  A., 1845-46. 

M.  D. ,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1845. 
Said  to  have  died  in  California  about  1850  or  185 1. 


144  -^'^  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

O'Neill,^     1847-48. 

OsBORN,§  John, 1840. 

M.  D..  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1841  ; 
Medical  Director,  Metropolitan  Police,  New-York  City, 
1873- 

Osgood,^  (John  W.  ?),     1844-45. 

M.  I).,  University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1844. 

Porter,*  Henry  William, 1847. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1842;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1846.  ]5orn  in  1813;  died  in  New-York 
City  in  1847;  cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  while  on 
duty  in  the  hospital. 

PuRDY,*  Alfred  Seaman, 1831-33. 

A.  M.  (honoris  causa),  Wesleyan,  1859;  M.  D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1831  ;  Attending  Phy- 
sician, New-York  Dispensary;  Physician,  New-York 
Lying-in  Asylum  ;  one  of  the  founders  of  the  New-York 
Academy  of  Medicine  ;  at  one  time  President,  Alumni 
Association,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons;  in 
practice  in  New-York  City,  1833-86.  Born  in  New-York 
City,  December  14,  1808  ;  died  in  New-York  City,  July 
22,  1886;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 

Quintard,  Charles  Toud, 1846-47. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New  York.  1847;  A. 
M.,  Columbia,  1852;  S.  T.  D.,  1865;  D.  D.,  Trinity, 
1865;  LL.D.,  Cambridge  (Eng.),  1867;  in  practice, 
New-York  City,  1847-48;  Attending  Physician,  New- 
York  City  Dispensary,  1 847-48 ;  in  practice,  Roswell,  Ga. , 
1848-52;  Memphis,  Tenn.,  1852-54;  Professor  Physi- 
ology and  Pathological  Anatomy,  Memphis  Medical 
College,  1851-54;  admitted  to  Holy  Orders  1854; 
Chaplain,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65  ;  Vice-Chancellor,  Univer- 
sity of  the  South,  Sewanee,  Tenn.,  1865-72;  Bishop  of 
Tennessee  since  1865.  Author  of  "  A  Plain  Tract  on 
Confirmation,"  1861  ;  "  Preparation  for  Confirmation," 
1862;  "Balm  for  the  Weary  and  Wounded,"  1864; 
"Benediction  of  the  Holy  Ghost,"  1890;  also  many 
other   papers.  Pastoral   Letters,  etc.      Residence   since 


Assistant  Rcsidcjit  Physicians.  145 

leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City;    Roswell,    Ga. ; 
Memphis  and  Sewanee,  Tenn. 

Bishop  of  Tennessee,  Sewanee,  Tenn. 

Ranney,*  Moses  H., 1846-47. 

A.  M.  (honoris  causa).  University  of  Vermont;  M.  D., 
Berkshire,  1828  ;  in  practice  in  Salisbury,  Vt.,  1828-35  ; 
Surgeon,  6th  Regiment,  Vermont  State  Militia,  1844-45  ; 
Assistant  Physician,  Lunatic  Asylum,  Blackwell's  Island, 
New-York  City,  1847  ;  Resident  Physician,  Middlebury, 
Vt. ,  Lunatic  Asylum,  1848-64.  Born  in  Stockbridge, 
Vt.,  August  16,  1 8 14;  died  in  Middlebury,  Vt.,  December 
7,  1864;  cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty. 

Rawson,*  Edmund  Grindal, 1828-29. 

A.  B.,  Union,  1826;  A.  M.,  1830;  M.  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1830;  Resident  Physician, 
Cholera  Hospital,  New-York  City,  1834;  Member  of 
City  Council,  1841-44;  ex-officio  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Oyer  and  Terminer,  and  of  Courts  of  General  and  of 
Special  Sessions;  City  Supervisor;  for  3  years  sole 
Coroner  of  the  City  and  County  of  New-York.  Born  in 
Broadalbin,  N.  Y.,  November  30,  1803;  died  in  New- 
York  City  in  1882  ;  cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Reilay,  John  Perkins, 1846-47. 

Attended  Rennselaer  Polytechnic,  Troy;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1846;  Assistant 
Physician,  New-York  State  Emigrants'  Hospital,  Ward's 
Island,  New- York  City,  1848-49;  Surgeon  on  steamer 
between  New-York  City  and  Aspinwall,  1850-52  ;  Resi- 
dent Physician  State  Marine  Hospital,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  1852-53;  Surgeon,  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Com- 
pany, to  Panama,  1854-60.  Residence  since  leaving 
the  hospital,  New-York  City,  1848-61  ;  Marysville,  Cal, 
1861-73  ;   Oakland,  Cal.,  since  1873. 

General  Medicine  :   Oakland,  Cal. 

Rochester,*  Thomas  F., 1848-49. 

A.  B.,  Geneva  (N.  Y.)  College,  1845;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1848  ;  Visiting  Physician, 
Demilt  Dispensary,  New-York  City,  1852-53;  Hospital 
of  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  1857-87,  and 
Buffalo  General  Hospital,  1866-87  ;  President,  Medical 
Society  of  the  State  of  New- York,   1875;    During  the 


146  Ah  AccoiLut  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

War,  appointed  to  inspect  Union  Field  Hospitals.  Born 
in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  October  8,  1823;  died  in  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  May  24,  1887;  cause,  chronic  nephritis. 

Sanger,*  William  Wallace 1846. 

AL  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1846; 
Physician-in-Chief,  Blackwell's  Island  Hospital,  New- 
York  City,  1847  and  1853-60;  Physician,  Clinton  Hos- 
pital, Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,  1848;  in  Europe,  1849-53; 
in  practice,  New-York  City,  1860-72.  Author  of  "His- 
tory of  Prostitution."  Born  in  Connecticut,  August  10, 
1819;  died  in  New-York  City,  May  8,  1872. 

SCOTT,§ 1842-43. 

Seligman,*  David, 1848. 

Student  of  medicine  at  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1848.  Came  from  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Died 
in  1848;  cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty 
in  the  hospital. 

Spaulding,'^  (W.  C.  ?), 1844-45- 

Stamatiades,*  Demetrius, 1836-37. 

A.  B.,  Trinity,  1832;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1838.     Died  November  23,  1889. 

Stewart,^  Edmund, 1843-44. 

Stone,*  Lyman  H., 1847. 

M.  D.,  Vermont  Medical  College  ;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.  Author  of  "Remarks  on  Typhus  or  Ship 
Fever  as  Observed  at  Bellevue  Hospital  in  the  Spring 
and  Summer  of  1847,"  N.  Y.  Jour.  Med.,  1848, Vol.  X., 
p.  168.     Said  to  have  died  between  1875  and  1880. 

Tallmadge,  H.  O., 1844-46. 

Graduated  at  Glens  Falls  (N.  Y.)  Academy;  M.  D., 
Castleton  (Vt.)  Medical  College,  1843;  Examining  Sur- 
geon, Essex  County,  N.  Y.,  1861  ;  Surgeon,  New-York 
State  Volunteers,  1861-63;  resigned  on  account  of  ill- 
ness; was  in  charge  of  Georgetown  Heights  College 
Hospital  with  Dr.  Daniel  Ayres  after  second  battle  of 
Bull  Run. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  Keeseville,  N.  Y. 


Assistant  Resident  Physicians.  147 

Taylor,*  Nathaniel  W., 1846-47. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1844;  A.  M.,  1847;  M.  D.,  1846;  in 
practice  subsequently  in  New  Haven,  Conn.     Died  in 

1875. 

Thompson,^      1836-37. 

Trippler,*  Charles  Stuart, 1826. 

A.  M.  (honoris  causa),  Columbia,  i860;  M.  D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1827;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  1830;  Major  and  Surgeon,  1838;  Med- 
ical Director,  2d  Division  Regulars,  1847;  Department 
of  the  Pacific,  1852-56;  General  Patterson's  Army,  1861 ; 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  1861-62;  Northern  Department, 
1864;  Brevet  Colonel,  U.  S.  A.,  1864.  Born  in  1806; 
died  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  Oct.  20,  1866;  cause,  epithelioma. 

Trowbridge,^     1844-46. 

Van  Buren,*  Augustus, 1846-47. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1846. 
Author  of  "  The  Use  of  Hydriodate  of  Potassa,"  N.  Y. 
Jour.  Med.,  Vol.  VIII.,  p.  208.  Born  in  Ulster  County, 
N.  Y.,  in  1824;  died  in  New-York  City,  May  18,  1847; 
cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty  in  the 
hospital. 

Van  Hoevenburg,*  James  O., 1842-43. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1844. 
Son  of  Henry  Van  Hoevenburg,  Resident,  1837-39. 

Wells,§  Charlton  Henry, 1846-47. 

A.  B. ;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1846. 

Wendell,*  Benjamin  Franklin, 1848-49. 

Born  in  1826;  died  in  harbor  of  one  of  Bahama 
Islands,  December  18,  1852;  cause,  yellow  fever. 

Wilson,*  William, 1829. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1825  ;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1829;  Physician  to  Bloomingdale  Insane 
Asylum,  1839-44;  subsequently  in  mercantile  business. 


148  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Born  in  New-York  City,  July,  1806;  died  suddenly  in 
Mendham,  N.  J.,  October  30,  1872;  cause,  cardiac 
disease. 

WiNTERBOTHAM,*   JOSEPH, 1 844-45. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1844; 
Assistant  Physician,  Quarantine  Hospital,  New-York 
City.  Died  in  New-York  City  in  1849;  cause,  pulmo- 
nary tuberculosis, 

WOOD,§ 1847-48. 

Worth,*  Sidney  B., 1848-49. 

A.  B. ,  Union,  1839;  student  of  medicine  at  the  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1848,  Died  in  1848; 
cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty  in  the 
hospital, 

Wynne,§ 1849. 


LIST  OF  THE  INTERNES,    1850  TO   1894 


EXPLANATORY. 

*  Deceased,  t  Resigned.  X  Left  the  hospital  before  the  expiration  of 
the  term  of  service.     §  Subsequent  history  not  ascertained. 

The  date  opposite  each  name  is  the  date  of  the  house  staff —  I.  referring 
to  April,  and  W.  to  October;  thus,  1894,  I.,  refers  to  the  staff  which  will 
leave  the  hospital  on  April  i,  1894.  If  an  interne  did  not  complete  the 
term  of  service  the  date  is  printed  in  italics. 

Dates  mentioned  after  literary  colleges  represent  (unless  a  degree  is 
given)  the  actual  time  spent  at  the  college. 

The  addresses  given  of  the  recent  internes  are  the  permanent  home  ad- 
dresses. 

The  cause  of  death  given  is  in  almost  every  case  the  statement  of  the 
immediate  friends,  or  is  obtained  from  the  official  records. 

See  also  explanatory  note  on  page  107. 


Internes.  149 

AcKERMAN,*  William  Fletcher, 

3d  Medical  Division,    1884,   I. 

A.  B.,  Universityof  the  City  of  New- York,  1879;  M. 
D.,  Bellevue,  1882;  Ambulance  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  1881.  In  practice  in  New-York  City,  1884- 
1886;  San  Diego  County,  Cal.,  1886-88.  Born  in 
Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  November  13,  1858  ;  died  in  Es- 
condido,  Cal.,  March  12,  1888;  cause,  oedema  of  the 
lungs  and  cerebral  congestion. 

Adams,*  James  Bemis,      .    .     .  Medical  Division,    1851,   II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1847;  A.  M.,  1850;  M.  D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1851.  In  practice  in  Dun- 
kirk, N.  Y.,  1852.  Born  in  Lyons,  N.  Y.,  January  12, 
1825  ;  died  in  Curagoa,  West  Indies,  while  on  the  way 
to  South  America,  January  16,  1853  ;  cause,  yellow 
fever. 

AlKEN,§  Samuel  H.,^   .    .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1854,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1853. 
Reported  to  have  died  a  few  years  after  leaving  the 
hospital. 

AiNS\voRTH,t  Fred.  Crayton, 

2d  Medical  Division,  iSjS,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  University 
of  City  of  New-York,  1874;  First  Lieutenant  and  Assis- 
tant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1874-79;  Captain  and  Assistant 
Surgeon,  1879-92.     Colonel  and  Surgeon,  1892. 

Colonel  and  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  :  care  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral's Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Alexander,*  Richard  H.,    .    Medical  Division,   185 1,  II. 

M.  D.,  Jefferson,  1850;  First  Lieutenant  and  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1853  ;  Captain  and  Assistant 
Surgeon,  later;  Medical  Purveyor  at  Baltimore,  Md., 
1861-62;  Medical  Director,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  1862; 
Major  and  Surgeon,  1862;  Medical  Director,  Depart- 
ment of  the  Gulf,  1862-65  ;  serving  in  the  field  with 
Red  River  Expedition,  1864;  Medical  Director,  Depart- 

1  As  far  as  the  committee  has  been  able  to  judge,  this  name  was  erroneously  printed 
"  Lemuel  H.  Aiken  "  in  the  first  catalogue  (1873). 


150  An  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

ment  of  the  Platte,  1866-69;  Acting- Assistant  Medical 
Purveyor,  November,  1872  ;  Acting-Assistant  Medical 
Director,  Department  of  the  Columbia,  April  and  May, 
1876;  Lieutenant  Colonel  and  Surgeon,  1884;  Medical 
Director,  Department  of  Arizona,  1884-88.  Born  in 
Illinois;  died  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  March  31,  1889; 
cause,  otitis  media,  suppurative  pachy-meningitis. 

Alexander,  Samuel,   .    .    4th  Medical  Division,  1883,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1879;  A.  M.,  1882;  M.  D.,  Bellc- 
vue,  1882;  Attended  clinics  in  London  and  Vienna, 
1883-84;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  1884-85;  Clinical  Lecturer 
on  Genito-urinary  Surgery,  1886-89;  Professor  of  Gen- 
ito-urinary  Surgery,  Dermatology,  and  Syphilography, 
since  1889;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Skin  and  Cancer  Hospi- 
tal, 1884-86;  Bellevue  Hospital  since  1887;  Attending 
Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Genito-urinary 
Diseases,  1884-86;   Consulting  Surgeon  since  1886. 

Genito-urinary  Surgery  and  Syphilology :  5  West 
58th  street,  New-York  City. 

Alexander,  Welcome  Taylor, 

3d  Surgical  Division,    1871,   II. 

At  Jefferson  College,  Cannonsburgh,  Pa.,  1865-66; 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1870;  attended  clinics  in  Europe, 
1871-75  ;  Visiting  Physician,  Association  for  the  Bene- 
fit of  Colored  Orphans,  since  1886;  New-York  Institu- 
tion for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  since  1886. 

General  Medicine:  St.  Nicholas  Avenue  and  157th 
street,  New- York  City. 

Allen,  John  Edwin,    .    .    4th  Medical  Division,   1876,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1874;  at  Vienna,  1877-78;  Assis- 
tant Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Med- 
ical College,  1878-84;  Attending  Physician,  New-York 
Dispensary,  1879-81;  Attending  Surgeon,  Metropolitan 
Throat  Hospital,  1880-86;  Assistant  Surgeon,  71st  Reg- 
iment, N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1875-86;  Inspector  New-York 
City  Health  Department  since  1888. 

General  Medicine  :  470  West  144th  street,  New-York 
City. 


Inter7ies.  1 5 1 

Amabile,*  Sebastian,   .    .  ist  Medical  Division,   1866,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1866;  embarked  in  the  Perit  Expe- 
dition to  Cuba,  commanded  by  General  Jordan,  March, 
1869;  killed  in  battle  on  the  landing  of  the  forces. 
Born  in  Santiago  de  Cuba;  killed.  May  11,  1869. 

Amerman,*  George  ^  2d    Medical    Division, 1855,   II. 

Kershaw,  i[  2d    Surgical    Division,    1856,   I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1854; 
Surgeon,  Illinois  Central  R.  R.,  1857-67;  Visiting  Sur- 
geon, Illinois  State  Hospital  and  Cook  County  Hospi- 
tal, Chicago,  111.,  1856-67.  At  home  in  Cayuga  County, 
N.  Y.,  on  account  of  ill  health,  in  1867.  Born  in  Cay- 
uga County,  N.  Y.,  1832;  died  in  Marcellus,  N.  Y., 
June  20,  1867;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Anderton,  William  Bancroft, 

3d  Medical  Division,  1881,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1879;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Ob- 
stetrics and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  1881-89;  Attending  Physi- 
cian, Demilt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  1882-84; 
Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Women, 
1881-89. 

General  Medicine  :  34  West  47th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Andrew,!  George  Lafferty,    .  Medical  Division,  1850,  I. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Miami  Uni- 
versity, 1841  ;  A.  M.,  1846;  M.  D.,  Medical  College  of 
Ohio,  1845  ;  County  Physician,  LaPorte,  Ind.,  1856-61  ; 
Inspector,  U.  S.  Sanitary  Commission,  1861-64;  Editor, 
"Sanitary  Reporter,"  Louisville,  Ky.,  1863;  Examin- 
ing Surgeon,  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  1876-85;  President. 
LaPorte,  Ind.,  Board,  1883-85  ;  Treasurer,  1889;  Medi- 
cal Examiner,  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  N.  Y., 
Mutual  Benefit  Life,  Newark,  N.  J.,  Equitable  Life 
Assurance  Society,  N.  Y.,  Connecticut  Mutual  Life. 
Author  of  "  Sanitary  Value  of  Forests,"  Trans.  Amer. 
Pub.  Health  Assoc,  1877,  Vol.  IV.  ;  "A  Contribution 
to  the  Rational  Treatment  of  Dysentery,"  Trans.  Ind. 
State  Med.  Soc,  1879;  "A  Plea  for  Shelter  Belts  and 
Sanitary  Tree-planting,"  Trans.  Ind.  State  Hort.  Soc, 


152  Afi  AccoiDit  of  Bellcviic  Hospital. 

1879;  Articles  on  military  sanitation  in  the  "Sanitary 
Reporter,"  1863-65;  and  articles  in  various  medical 
journals. 

Cieneral  Medicine:   LaPorte,  Ind. 

Andrews,  Henry  Francis,  .  3d  Medical  Division,  1858,  II. 

At  University  of  Georgia,  1853-55;  M.  D.,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1857;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A., 
1861-65.    Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine:  Washington,  Ga. 

Andrews,*  William  Curtis  Clark, 

4th  Surgical  Division,  1876,  I. 

A.  B.,  Marietta  College,  1870;  M.  D.,  Bellevuc, 
1874.  Interne,  Infants'  Hospital,  New-York  City, 
1874;  First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S. 
A.,  1876-77.  While  on  duty  at  Fort  Stevens,  on  the 
Columbia  River,  Lieutenant  Andrews,  with  Lieutenant 
Knapp  and  a  sutler,  was  drowned  by  the  upsetting  of 
an  open  boat  while  returning  from  Astoria  to  Fort 
Stevens.  Lieutenant  Andrews's  body  was  never  re- 
covered. Born  in  Marietta,  O.,  July  I,  1852;  drowned 
in  Young's  Bay,  near  Astoria,  Oregon,  April  19,  1877. 

Arnold,  Glover  Crane,    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1874,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1873;  Prosector,  Chair  of  Surgery, 
and  Clinical  Assistant  in  Surgery,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1875-77;  Prosector,  Chair  of 
Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  since 
1886. 

General  Medicine:  115  East  30th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Arnold,  William  Birket,    3d  Surgical  Division,   1890,  I. 

A.  B.,  Brown,  1884;  A.  M.,  1887;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1888. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  56  State  street.  East 
Orange,  N.  J. 

Artman,  Milton  Ellsworth, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1891,  II. 

Graduate  of  State  Normal  School,  Geneseo,  N.  Y., 
1885;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1890. 
General  Medicine :  Dansville,  N.  Y. 


Internes.  1 5  3 

Austin,*  William  Henry,  ist  Surgical  Division,  i8Sg,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1887. 
Did  not  join  the  staff.  Died  in  New-York  City,  Janu- 
ary 8,  1888,  aged  23  years  ;  cause,  typhoid  fever. 

Babb,§  Timothy, 2d  Surgical  Division,  1859,11. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1858. 
Reported  to  have  died  in  the  West  a  few  years  after 
leaving  the  hospital. 

Bacon,  Gorham, 3d  Surgical  Division,    1879,   I. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1875;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1878;  In- 
terne, Rotunda  Lying-in  Hospital,  Dublin,  1879;  at 
Blackfriars  Hospital,  London,  1879;  Vienna,  1879- 
1880;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  1880-82;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
New-York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1880-82;  Aural 
Surgeon  since  1882;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the  Ear, 
New-York  Polyclinic,  1885-86;  Vice-President,  Ameri- 
can Otological  Society,  1888.  Author  of  "  Growth  of 
Otology  in  the  United  States,"  Amer.  Jour.  Otol.,  Vol. 
IV.,  No.  3;  "Calcium  Sulphide  in  Aural  Diseases," 
Arch.  Otol.,  June,  1883  ;  "  A  Case  of  Chronic  Purulent 
Inflammation  of  the  Middle  Ear,  Complicated  by  Facial 
Paralysis,  Nausea,  Vomiting,  Unsteadiness  in  the  Gait, 
and  Marked  Deafness,"  Z(/i?;«,  No.  i,  1884;  "  The  Op- 
erative Treatment  of  Mastoid  Disease,  with  Cases," 
Ann.  des  Malad.  d'Aielle,  1885,  No.  11,  93;  "Trau- 
matic Lesions  of  the  MembranaTympani,"  N.  Y.  Med. 
Rec,  Apr.,  1885;  "  A  Case  of  Acute  Otitis  Media  and 
Suppurativa,  Followed  by  Mastoid  Disease  and  Pyae- 
mia; Mastoid  Operation,  Recovery,"  Trans.  Amer. 
Otol.  Soc. ,  1885;  "  An  Account  of  a  Suit  for  Damages 
in  a  Case  of  Alleged  Injury  from  a  Blow  on  the  Ear," 
D.  B.,  St.  John  Roosa  and  B.,  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour., 
Dec,  1885;  ''Two  Cases  of  Ear  Disease  from  Trau- 
matism," Trans.  Amer.  Otol.  Soc,  1886;  "Report  of 
Twenty-one  Cases  of  Traumatic  Lesions  of  the  Ear, 
with  Remarks,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour,,  May  7,  1887; 
"Foreign  Bodies  in  the  Ear,"  Gaillard's  Med.  Jour., 
July,  1888;  "A  Case  of  Carcinoma  of  the  Ear,  Having 
its  Origin  Partly  in  the  Tympanum  or  Mastoid  An- 
trum," A.  T.  Muzzy  &  B.,  Archiv.  Otol.,  Vol.  XVII. , 
No.  I  ;   "On  the  Use  of  the  Wet  Cup  in  Place  of  the 


154  ^^^  Account  of  BcllcvHC  Hospital. 

Leech  in  Certain  Acute  Diseases  of  the  Ear,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Jour.,  Jan.  7,  1888;  "Treatment  of  Acute  In- 
flammation of  the  Middle  Ear,"  Med.  News  (Phila.), 
Mch.  30,  1889;  "A  Case  of  Cerebral  Abscess,  Follow- 
ing Extensive  Necrosis  of  the  Temporal  Bone,  and  in 
Which  the  Skull  was  Trephined  ;  Death  from  Secon- 
dary Hemorrhage,  Autopsy,"  Trans.  Amer.  Otol.  Soc, 
1888. 

Diseases  of  the  Ear  :  63  West  54th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Badeau,  Charles  Wingate,  ist  Medical  Division,  1870,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1869; 
House  Physician,  Infants'  Hospital,  Randall's  Island, 
N.  Y.,  1870;  Physician,  5th  District,  New-York  City, 
1870;  Attending  Physician,  New-York  Dispensary, 
1871;  Medical  Officer,  New-York  Post-Office,  1871; 
Township  Physician,  Orvil,  N.  J.,  1888;  Medical  Ex- 
aminer, American  Legion  of  Honor,  Council  No.  623, 
1888. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  Allendale,  N.  J. 

Baldwin,  Henry  Rutgers,  ist  Medical  Division,  1854,  II. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1849;  A.  M.,  1852;  M.  D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1853;  Surgeon,  S.  S. 
Baltic,  1855;  President,  Middlesex  County  (N.  J.) 
Medical  Society,  1861-65;  Treasurer  of  the  Medical 
Society,  State  ofNew  Jersey,  1867-75;  President,  1877; 
President,  Board  of  Health,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
1889;  Trustee,  Rutgers  College,  since  1884;  President, 
Medical  Board,  Wells's  Memorial  Hospital,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 1889.  Author  of  ''Unity  of  the  Species,"  Trans. 
Med.  Soc,  State  N.  J.,  1858;  "Precision in  Diagnosis," 
ide))i,  1875  ;  "The  Communicable  Diseases  of  Children 
and  some  Suggestions  for  Their  Prevention,"  1878. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Stapleton,  N.  Y., 
1854-55,  and  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  since  1855. 

General  Medicine:    New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Ballou,  William  Rice,    .  4th  Surgical  Division,  1888,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bowdoin,  1886,  Bellevue,  1886;  Attending 
Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  1888-92;  In- 
structor in  Genito-urinary  Surgery,  New-York  Poly- 
clinic, 1889-92;  Professor  of  Equine  Anatomy,  New- 


Internes.  1 5  5 

York  College  of  Veterinary  Surgeons,  1889-92. 
Author  of  "  A  Compend  of  Equine  Anatomy  and 
Physiology"  (P.  Blackiston  &  Son),  1890.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City,  1888-92; 
Asheville,  N.  C,  1892.     Traveling  in  the  South,  1893. 

Bangs,  Lemuel  Bolton,    .   2d  Medical  Division,  1873,  II. 

At  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1861;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1872;  Visiting  Surgeon,  City  (late  Charity) 
Hospital,  since  1884,  St.  Luke's  Hospital  since  1885. 
Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Surgery:  31  East  44th  street,  New- York 
City. 

Banks,  Charles  W.,     ...    3d  Surgical  Division,  1 89 1,    I. 

At  Cornell,  1887-89;   M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1890. 
General  Medicine :  138  West  Main  street,  Port  Jervis, 
N.  Y. 

Barker,  Phanett  Coe,    .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1861,    I. 

A.  M.  (honoris  causa),  Princeton,  1885;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, i860;  Examining  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Pension  Bu- 
reau, since  1869;  President,  Morris  District  (N.  J.) 
Medical  Society,  1876-77;  Medical  Society  of  the  State 
of  New  Jersey,  1885.  Author  of  "Concerning  the 
Action  of  Opium  as  a  Parturient  Agent,"  N.  Y.  Med. 
Jour.,  1869;  "The  Vaccination  Question,"  Trans. 
Med.  Soc.  State  N.  J.,  1882;  "The  Germ  Theory  of 
Disease  and  its  Relation  to  Sanitation,"  idetn,  1885  ;  and 
various  articles  in  medical  journals.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital.  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.,  1861-68; 
Morristown,  N.  J.,  since  1868. 

General  Medicine:   Morristown,  N.  J. 

BARNETT,t  Solomon,     .    .    .  2d  Surgical  Division,  iSSy,  II. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  B.  S.,  College  of 
the  City  of  New-York,  1883;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1886; 
Attending  Neurologist,  New- York  Orthopaedic  Dispen- 
sary and  Hospital,  1888;  Visiting  Physician,  Eastern 
Dispensary,  since  1888;  Assistant  Sanitary  Inspector, 
New-York  City  Health  Department,  Summer  Corps, 
1887-89. 

General  Medicine :  365  West  30th  street,  New-York 
City. 


156  All  Accoiint  0/  Bellevjie  Hospital. 

Barrett,*  Edward  Benjamin, 

1st  Medical  Division,  i860,  II. 

At  Amherst,  1S54-56;  A.  M.  (honoris  causa),  later; 
M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1859;  in 
practice  in  Northampton,  Mass.,  1861-62;  retired  on 
account  of  ill  health,  1862;  in  Minnesota,  1862-63  ^"d 
1864-65;  Northampton,  Mass.,  1865.  Died  in  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  November  24,  1865,  aged  29  years; 
cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Barrows,  Charles  Clifeord, 

4th  Medical  Division,  1881,  II. 

At  the  University  of  Virginia  (Academic),  1876-79; 
.M.  D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1879,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1880;  First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1882-87.  Residence  since  leaving 
the  hospital,  U.  S.  Army,  1882-87;  New-York  City 
since  1887. 

General  Medicine  :  7  East  36th  street,  New- York  City. 

Barrows,  Nathan,    .    .    .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1858,  II. 

a.  B.,  Western  Reserve  College,  1850;  A.  M.,  1853; 
M.  D.,  Cleveland,  1855  ;  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1857;  in  general  practice,  Newark,  N.  J., 
1859;  Falmouth,  Mass.,  1862-63;  Sandwich,  Mass., 
1863-65;  Principal,  Atkinson  (N.  H.)  Academy,  1865-66; 
Berwick  (Me.)  Academy,  1866-68;  Stevens  High  School, 
Claremont,  N.  H.,  1868-70;  Professor  of  Mathematics, 
Kimble  Union  Academy,  Meriden,  N.  H.,  1871-80; 
Principal  West  Middle  Grammar  School,  Hartford, 
Conn.,  1880-81;  Professor  of  Mathematics,  Rollins  Col- 
lege, Winter  Park,  Fla.,  since  1885. 

Professor  of  Mathematics:  Rollins  College,  Winter 
Park,  Fla. 

Bates,*  George  Fah-ibanks,   ist  Surgical  Division,  1875,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1872.  Born  in  Watertown,  N.  Y., 
May  2,  185 1  ;  died  in  New- York  City,  April  19,  1882; 
cause,  cerebrospinal  meningitis. 

Baxter,*  Jededl\h  Hyde,! 1862,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  University 
of  Vermont,  1859;  AL  D.,  i860;  A.  M.,  1865;  LL.  B., 
Columbian  University,  1876;   Surgeon,  12th  Regiment, 


Internes,  1 5  7 

Massachusetts  Volunteers,  1861  ;  Brigade-Surgeon, 
United  States  Volunteers,  1862;  Lieutenant-Colonel 
and  Assistant  Medical  Purveyor,  U.  S.  A.,  1867;  Colonel 
and  Chief  Medical  Purveyor,  1872;  Brigadier-General 
and  Surgeon-General,  1890.  Author  of  "Statistics, 
Medical  and  Anthropological,  of  the  Provost  Marshal- 
General's  Bureau,"  Med.  Rept.  Prov.  Mar.-Gen.'s  Off. 
Born  in  Stafford,  Vt. ,  May  ii,  1837;  died  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  December  4,  1890;  cause,  cerebral 
hemorrhage. 

Bedford,*  Frederick,  .    .  2d  Surgical  Division,   i860,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1859. 
Died  in  New- York  City,  December  8,  1891. 

Bellamy,  Russell,  ....  2d  Medical  Division,   1894,  I. 

At  University  of  North  Carolina,  1887-89;  Davidson 
College,  N.  C,  1889-90;  M.  D.,  University  of  City  of 
New-York,  1892. 

Address :   Wilmington,  N.  C. 

Bensel,  Walter,   ....  4th  Surgical  Division,    1891,   II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  64  East  79th  street, 
New-York  City. 

Berkele,*  Elmer  Fox,     .    4th  Surgical  Division,    1892,   I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1887;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1890.  Born  in 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  February  26,  1866;  died  in  Canon 
City,  Col.,  August  20,  1892;  cause,  pulmonary  tuber- 
culosis. 

Berle,  Adolph  William,  2d  Medical  Division,  1886,  II. 

B.  S.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1880;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1885  ;  attended 
European  clinics,  1886-87. 

General  Medicine:    145  Avenue  B,  New-York  City. 

BiBBixs,*  William  Burr,  .    .    .  Medical  Division,   1850,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1845  ;  A.  M.,  1848;  M.  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1849;  Assistant  Resident 
Physician,  Infants'  Hospital,  New-York  City,  1852  (?) ; 
Visiting  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary,   1852-63;  At- 


158  Aji  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

tending  Physician,  Diseases  of  the  Head  and  Abdomen, 
1863-66;  \'isiting  Physician,  Asylum  for  Aged  and  In- 
digent Females,  1856-71  ;  Treasurer,  New-York  Patho- 
logical Society;  President,  1867.  Born  in  Fairfield, 
Conn.,  September  8,  1823;  died  in  New-York  City, 
January  16,  1871  ;  cause,  typhoid  fever.  Dr.  Bibbins 
bequeathed  about  $20,000  to  Yale  College. 

Biggs,  Chauncey  Pratt,  4th  Surgical  Division,   1889,  II. 

At  Cornell,  1874-76  ;  M.  D.,  Bellevuc,  1888  ;  at  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  Vienna,  1890;  Delegate  from  New-York 
State  Medical  Association  to  the  International  Medical 
Congress,  Tenth  Session,  Berlin,  1890;  Medical  Exam- 
iner, Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  New-York  City, 
Manhattan  Life  since  1890,  Equitable  Life  since  1891. 
Brother  of  Hermann  M.  Biggs  (1884,  II)  and  cousin  of 
George  P.  Biggs  (1891,  I). 

Surgery  and  General  Medicine :  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

BiGGS,  George  Patten,  .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1891,   I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1889;  Assistant  Pathologist,  New- 
York  Hospital,  since  1891 ;  Visiting  Physician,  Work- 
house and  Almshouse  Hospitals,  since  1892;  Assistant 
to  Chair  of  Pathology,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  Col- 
lege, since  1892.  Cousin  of  Chauncey  P.  Biggs  (1889, 
II)  and  of  Hermann  M.  (1884,  II). 

General  Medicine:  5  West  58th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Biggs,  Hermann  Michael,  3d  Medical  Division,  1884,  II. 

A.  B.,  Cornell,  1882;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1883;  at  Uni- 
versities of  Berlin  and  Grcifswald,  1884-85  ;  Visiting 
Physician,  Workhouse  and  Almhouse  Hospitals,  New- 
York  City,  1885-92;  Bellevue  Hospital,  1886-87,  and 
since  1892  ;  Gouverneur  Hospital,  1890-92  ;  Consulting 
Physician,  Hospital  for  Contagious  Diseases,  North 
Brother  Island,  since  1889;  Pathologist,  City  (late  Char- 
ity) Hospital,  18S6-92  ;  Consulting  Pathologist  to  Italian 
Hospital,  and  to  Beth-Israel  Hospital,  since  1891  ;  Assis- 
tant Pathologist,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1886-92,  Patholo- 
gist since  1892;  Instructor  in  the  Carnegie  Laboratory, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  CoIIege,since  1885  ;  Lecturer 
on  Pathological  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College,  1886-91,  Professor  since  1891  ;  Demonstrator 


Internes.  159 

of  Anatomy,  1886-92  ;  Professor  Materia  Medica,  Ther- 
apeutics, and  Clinical  Medicine,  since  1 892 ;  Instructor  in 
Anatomy  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  spring  term,  since 
1886;  Member  of  Committee  of  Conference  between  the 
New-York  Academy  of  Medicine  and  the  New-York 
City  Health  Department,  1887,  and  of  Advisory  Com- 
mittee, Chamber  of  Commerce,  during  cholera  outbreak 
of  1892;  Consulting  Pathologist,  New-York  City  Health 
Department,  since  1888;  Chief  Inspector,  Division  of 
Pathology,  Bacteriology,  and  Disinfection,  since  1892  ; 
President,  Society  of  the  Alumni  of  Bellevue  Hospital, 
1887-89;  Vice-President,  New-York  Pathological  Soci- 
ety, 1889;  President,  1891.  Author  of  "The  Physiolog- 
ical Action  of  Cocaine,"  Greifswald,  1885;  Translator 
and  Editor  of"  Heuppe's  Methods  of  Bacteriological  In- 
vestigations," D.  A.  &  Co.,  1886;  "  Rupture  of  Aortic 
Aneurisms,  with  a  Report  of  Thirty-three  Cases,  "Amer. 
Jour.  Med.  Sc,  1888;  "  The  Distoma  Sinense,"  z^^';;/, 
1890;  "New  Growths  in  the  Liver,"  Wood's  Ref. 
Hndbk.  Med.  Sc,  1886,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  572;  "New 
Growths  in  the  Kidney,"  idem,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  292; 
"Symptomatology  and  Treatment  of  Tuberculosis," 
idem,  Vol.  VII.,  p.  314;  "History  of  the  Outbreak  of 
Epidemic  Cholera  in  New-York,"  Amer.  Jour.  Med. 
Sc,  1893;  and  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 
Brother  of  Chauncey  P.  Biggs  (1889,  II)  and  cousin  of 
George  P.  Biggs  (1891,  I). 

General  Medicine,  Renal  and  Urinary  Diseases:  5 
West  58th  street,  New-York  City. 

BiRCKHEAD,  William  Hunter, 

1st  Medical  Division,    1866,   I. 

A.  B.,  Trinity,  1861  ;  A.  M.,  1864;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1864;  at  clinics  in  Vienna  and  Paris,  1871-72  ;  In- 
terne, N.  Y.  State  Woman's  Hospital,  1866-68;  Visit- 
ing Physician,  Children's  Hospital,  Newport,  R.  I. ,  1 868 ; 
Visiting  Physician  and  Surgeon,  Newport  General 
Hospital,  1869-79. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Women  :  New- 
port, R.  I. 

Bird,  James  R., 2d  Medical  Division,   1859,  I. 

A.  B.,  Trinity,  1854;  A.  M.,  1857;  M.  D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1858;  Attending  Physician, 


i6o  A 71  Account  of  BcUcvuc  Hospital. 

Demilt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Head  and  Abdomen, 
1859-62;  Atlantic  Avenue  Dispensary,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  1865-68  ;  \'isiting 
Physician,  St.  John's  Hospital,  1874-86,  Consulting 
Physician  since  1886.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
hospital.  Little  Neck,  Portchester,  Peekskill,  and  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y. 

General  Medicine:  122  Putnam  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

Bird,  John  Stirling,     ...  3d  Medical  Division,   1865,   I- 

At  Wilbraham  (Mass.)  Academy,  1858;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1863;  Health  Officer,  Hyde  Park,  N.  Y. ,  since 
1881.     Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:   Hyde  Park,  N.  Y. 

Blodget,  Henry, ist  Medical  Division,  1882,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1875;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1880;  at  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  Vienna,  1882-83;  Resident  Physician, 
New-York  Foundling  Asylum,  1883-84;  Pathologist, 
Bridgeport  Hospital,  since  1887.  Residence  since  leav- 
ing the  hospital,  New-York  City,  and  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

General  Medicine:  313  State  street,  Bridgeport, 
Conn. 

Bluxome,  Joseph,    ....     ist  Medical  Division,  1857,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1856;  at 
medical  schools  and  hospitals  in  Vienna,  Berlin,  and 
Paris,  1858-62  ;  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispen- 
sary, New-York  City,  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  1865-66; 
Visiting  Physician,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  since  1871.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital, 
New-York  City,  and  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

General  Medicine:  217  Powell  street,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

Bogert,  Edward  Strong,  .  3d  Surgical  Division,  1861,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  i860; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  at  Naval  Hospital,  New- 
York,  U.  S.  S.  Congress,  and  U.  S.  S.  Cayuga,  1861- 
1864;  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon  on  U.  S.  S.  Niagara, 
and  at  Naval  Hospital,  New-York,  1864-66;  Surgeon, 
1866-82;  Medical  Inspector,  1882-89;  Medical  Director, 


Internes.  i6i 

President  Naval  Medical  Examining  Board,  since  1889. 
In  charge  of  U,  S.  Naval  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Medical  Director,  U.  S.  N.  :  U.  S.  Naval  Hospital, 
Brooklyn,  N.   Y. 

BOSWORTH,  FrANCKE  HUNTINGTON, 

3d  Surgical  Division,  1869,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1862;  A.  M.,  1865;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1868  ;  Instructor  in  Laryngoscopy,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  College,  1876-78;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the 
Throat,  1878-82;  Professor  since  1882.  Author  of  "  A 
Manual  of  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Nose,"  Wm. 
Wood  &  Co.,  1881  ;  "A  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of 
the  Nose  and  Throat,"  Vol.  I.,  "  The  Nose  and  Naso- 
pharynx," Vol.  II.,  "Diseases  of  the  Throat,"  Wm. 
Wood  &  Co.,  18S9  (Vol.  111.  in  press);  and  various 
articles  in  medical  journals. 

Diseases  of  the  Nose  and  Throat :  26  West  46th  street, 
New-York  City. 

Bradford,*  Theodore  Dwight, 

2d   Medical    Division,    1867,    I. 

A.  B.,  Bowdoin,  1861 ;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1865  ;  Dem- 
onstrator of  Anatomy ;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren and  Clinical  Instructor,  City  and  Hahnemann  Hos- 
pitals, New-York  City  ;  in  practice  in  New-York  City, 
1867-83.  Born  in  Auburn,  Me.,  September  i,  1838;  died 
in  New-York  City,  May  1 1 ,  1 883  ;  cause,  cardiac  disease. 

Braisted,  William  C,   .    .    4th  Surgical  Division,    1888,   I. 

Ph.  B.,  University  of  Michigan,  1883  ;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1886;  Assistant  Physician,  Jenk's  Private  Hospital 
for  Women,  Detroit,  Mich.,  1888-90;  Acting  Attend- 
ing Physician,  House  of  Good  Shepherd,  1889;  Assis- 
tant Physician,  Harper  Hospital  Polyclinic,  1889-90; 
Visiting  Physician  and  Medical  Director,  Woman's 
Hospital,  1890;  Ensign  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S. 
N.,  since  1890.  Author  of  "Operation  of  Wiring  the 
Patella,"  Amer.  Lane,  1889;  "  Radical  Cure  of  Femoral 
andlnguinalHernise,"  idem,  1889.  Residence  since  leav- 
ing the  hospital,  Detroit,  Mich.,  1888-90;  U.  S.  Navy, 
since  1890. 

Ensign  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.  :  care  Sur- 
geon-General's Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 


1 62  An  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

Bremner,  Samuel  K.,   .    .     .  4th  Medical  Division,  1891,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1886;   M.  D.,  Harvard,  1889. 
Address :   Boxford,  Mass. 

Brill,  Natilvn  I'2d\\I\,  .    .    .2d  Medical  Division,  1881,  I. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1877  ;  A.  ^L, 
1883;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1880; 
Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  Physiology  and  Pathology  of  the 
Nervous  System,  Post-graduate  Medical  School,  1 882-84 ; 
Associate  Editor,  "  American  Journal  of  Neurology  and 
Psychiatry,"  1882-84;  Founder  and  Secretary,  Society  of 
Medical  Jurisprudence  and  State  Medicine,  1882-86; 
Trustee,  1887-91  ;  Vice-President,  1891.  Author  of 
"  Lesion  of  the  Cuneus  Accompanied  by  Color-blind- 
ness," 1882;  "An  Argument  Against  the  Hangman's 
Bungling,"  1884;  "An  Exceptional  Feature  of  Tabes 
Dorsalis,"  1887;  "  Spinal  Concussion,"  1887;  "  Lyssa 
and  the  Pasteur  Fiasco."  1887  ;  "  Note  on  the  Medulla 
Oblongata,"  1889  ;  "  The  True  Homology  of  the  Mesal 
Wall  of  the  Hemispheric  Vesical  in  the  Sauropsida," 
1890;  "  A  Case  of  Pseudo-hypertrophic  Paralysis  Com- 
plicated by  a  Fracture  of  the  Lamina  of  the  5th  Cervical 
Vertebra,"  1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System : 
805  Lexington  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Brockwav,  Asahel  Norton,  2d  Medical  Division,  1862,  II. 

A.  B.,  Hamilton  College,  1857;  A.  M.,  i860;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1861  ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
DeCamp  General  Hospital.  David's  Island,  N.  Y., 
1862-64;   Trustee,  Hamilton  College,  since  1885. 

General  Medicine:  50  East  I26lh  street,  New-York 
City. 

Brodie,  Robert  Little,      .    .    .  Medical  Division,  1852,  II. 

A.  B.,  College  of  Charleston,  1848;  M.  D.,  Medical 
College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  1851  ;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1854-61  ;  Medical  Director,  C.  S. 
A.,  1861-65.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital. 
Mobile,  Ala.,  and  Charleston,  S.  C. 

General  Medicine:  29  Coming  street,  Charleston, 
S.  C. 


Internes.  163 

Bronson,  Edward  Bennet,  .  2d  Surgical  Division,  1869,  11. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1865;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1869;  studied 
at  Berlin,  Dresden,  Prague,  Vienna,  Paris,  and  London ; 
Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  1869-72;  Northern  Dis- 
pensary, Diseases  of  the  Skin,  1872-74;  New-York 
Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Skin  and  Genito-urinary 
Organs,  1872-82;  New- York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary, 
1874-75;  Visiting  Physician,  House  of  Mercy,  1875-76; 
City  (late  Charity)  Hospital  since  1886;  Clinical  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  Woman's  Medical  College 
of  the  New-York  Infirmary,  1882-85;  Professor  of  Dis- 
eases of  the  Skin,  New-York  Polyclinic,  since  1883; 
Consulting  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  the  Skin,  since  1887;  Babies'  Hospital  since 
1889;  St.  Bartholomew's  Dispensary  since  1889;  one 
of  the  translators  of  Ziemmssen's  "Encyclopaedia"; 
collaborator  on  Forster's  "  Encyclopcedic  Medical  Dic- 
tionary," D.  A.  &  Co.,  1888.  Author  of  various  articles 
in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Skin  :  123  West 
34th  street,  New-York  City. 

Brooke,  John  M., 4th  Surgical  Division,  1891,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1888;  studying  in 
Europe,  1891-92. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :   Portland,  Ore. 

Brooks,  Leroy  J.,    .    .    .    .     ist  Surgical  Division,  1874,1. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1872;  President,  Chenango  County 
(N.  Y.)  Medical  Society,  1880-81  ;  Secretary,  3d  Dis- 
trict  New-York  State    Medical   Association,   1887-88. 

General  Medicine  :   Norwich,  N.  Y. 

Brothers,  Abram,   .    .    ist  Medical  Division,  1885,  I.  &  II. 

B.  S.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1881 ;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1884;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Diseases  of 
Children,  Columbia,  1885-88;  Attending  Physician, 
Eastern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  1886;  Belle- 
vue Hospital  Dispensary  since  1886.  Author  of  "  The 
Treatment  of  Extra-uterine  Pregnancy  by  Electricity," 
Amer.  Jour.  Obstet.,  May,  1888;   "  A  Case  of  Poison- 


164  A)i  .ice  on  lit  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

ing  by  Camphor,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  1887  ;  and  various 
articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine:  162  Madison  street,  New-York 
City. 

Brownell,*  Russell  Botsforu, 

3d  Surgical  Division,  1865,    I. 

A.  B.,  Marietta  College,  1861  ;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,i864  ; 
Principal,  Marietta  (O.)  Academy,  1861-62;  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  1863;  Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1865;  Sur- 
geon, steamer  Arago.  New- York  City  to  Havre,  1866  ; 
traveling  in  Egypt,  1866-67.  Author  of  "  The  Treat- 
ment of  Fistula  in  Ano  by  Compressed  Sponge,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Rec,  1866.  Born  ip  Woodbury,  Conn.,  Decem- 
ber 5,  1839;  died  suddenly  on  the  River  Nile,  January 
21,  1867;   cause,  pulmonary  hemorrhage. 

Brugman,  Albert  Ferdlxand, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1884,  II. 

G.  P.,  New-York  College  of  Pharmacy,  1879;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1883  ;  Clinical  Assistant,  Vanderbilt  Clinic, 
Diseases  of  Children,  since  1883;  Attending  Surgeon, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  1884,  Harlem  Hospital 
Dispensary,  1885  ;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Joseph's  Hos- 
pital, 1889-92. 

General  Medicine:  588  East  141st  street,  New-York 
City. 

Bryan,  Joseph, ist  Surgical  Division,  1875,    I. 

At  University  of  Kentucky,  1867-70;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1873.  Author  of  "  The  Plaster  of  Paris  Jacket  for 
Pott's  Disease  of  the  Spine." 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  1 1 5  East  Main  street, 
Lexington,  Ky. 

Bryan,*  Robert  Thomas,  .  ist  Medical  Division,  1853,    I. 

A.  B.,  Bethany  College,  Va.,  1844;  ^L  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1848.  Residence  after 
leaving  the  hospital,  in  Paris,  Ky.,  and  Lexington,  and 
Georgetown,  Ky.  Born  February  23,  1823;  died  in 
Georgetown,  Ky.,  November  13,  1890;  cause,  gastric 
carcinoma. 


Internes.  165 

Bryant,  Joseph  Decatur,    ist  Surgical  Division,  1871,    I. 

Attended  Norwich  (N.  Y.)  Academy,  and  select  and 
district  schools,  Plymouth,  N.  Y. ;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1868;  Sanitary  Inspector,  New-York  City  Health  De- 
partment, 1873-79;  Commissioner  since  1887;  Com- 
missioner, New- York  State  Board  of  Health,  since  1887; 
Surgeon,  71st  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1873-82; 
Surgeon-General,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  since  1882  ;  Assistant 
to  the  Chair  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College,  1871 ;  Lecturer  on  Surgical  Anatomy,  suminer 
course,  1871-74;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
1875-77;  Lecturer  on  General,  Descriptive  and  Surgi- 
cal Anatomy,  1877-78;  Professor  since  1878;  Profes- 
sor of  Clinical  Surgery,  and  Associate  Professor  of 
Orthopaedic  Surgery,  since  1883;  Visiting  Physician, 
Charity  Hospital,  1881-82;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  since  1882,  St.  Vincent's  Hospital  since 
1887;  Consulting  Surgeon,  New-York  City  Insane  Asy- 
lum, since  1882,  Northwestern  Dispensary  since  1885, 
Hackensack  (N.  J.)  Hospital  since  1888,  Gouverneur 
Hospital  since  1889.  Author  of  "  The  Treatment  of 
Fracture  of  the  Thigh  with  Plaster  of  Paris  Bandages," 
1871  ;  "The  Treatment  of  Compound  Fracture  of  the 
Leg  with  Plaster  of  Paris  Splint,"  1878;  "Periosteal 
Flap  in  Amputation  of  the  Leg,"  1880;  "Stricture  of 
the  Urethra,"  Archiv.  Med.,  1882;  "The  Treatment 
of  Gun-shot  Wounds  of  the  Cranium,"  1887  ;  "  Simul- 
taneous Ligature  of  the  External  Carotids,"  1888;  "Ma- 
lignant Neoplasmata,"  1888;  "Hernia,"  1889;  "A 
Manual  of  Operative    Surgery,"  D.   A.  &  Co.,    1887. 

General  Surgery :  54  West  36th  street,  New-York 
City. 

BuiST,  John  Robinson,    .    .    ist  Medical  Division,  1858,    I. 

A.  B.,  South  Carolina  College,  1854;  M,  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1857;  M.  R.  M.  S. 
(Edin.);  at  Hotel  Dieu,  Charite,  and  Pitie  Hospitals, 
Paris,  and  University  of  Edinburgh,  1858-59;  Surgeon, 
C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  Member  Nashville  (Tenn.)  Board 
of  Health,  1875-80;  President,  1878.  Author  of 
various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Women:  115 
North  Spruce  street,  Nashville,  Tenn, 


1 66  A  71  AccoiDit  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Bull,  Charles  George,   .   4th  Surgical  Division,  1882,  II. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1879;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1881  ; 
Prosector  to  the  Chair  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  College,  1881-84.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
Hospital,  New-York  City,  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  and  Ala- 
meda, Cal. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :   Alameda,  Cal. 

Bull,  Charles  Stedman,   .  ist  Medical  Division,  1868,  II. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1864;  A.  M.,  1867;  M.  D.,  1868; 
at  Universities  of  Vienna,  1868-69,  Heidelberg,  1869, 
Berlin,  1869-70;  Pathologist,  Presbyterian  Hospital, 
1872-73;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Manhattan  Eye  and  P2ar 
Hospital,  1871-73,  New-York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary, 
1871-76;  Surgeon  since  1876;  Visiting  Ophthalmol- 
ogist, Charity  Hospital,  1876-81  ;  Consulting  Ophthal- 
mologist, Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  since  1881,  St. 
Mary's  Free  Hospital  for  Children  since  1880,  St. 
Luke's  Hospital  since  1888;  Lecturer  on  Ophthalmol- 
ogy, Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  spring  term, 
1880-90;  Professor  of  Ophthalmology,  University  of 
the  City  of  New-York,  since  1890.  One  of  the  transla- 
tors of  "  Stellwag  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye,"  4th  Amer. 
ed.,  1873  ;  Editor  of  J.  Soelberg  Wells's  "  Treatise  on 
Diseases  of  the  Eyes,"  3d  ed.  1880,  4th  ed.  1883;  and 
various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear:  47  West  36th  street, 
New- York  City. 

Bull,  William  Tillinghast, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1873,  I.  &  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1869;  A.  M.,  1872;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1872;  Attending  and  House  Physician,  New- 
York  Dispensary,  1876-78;  Attending  Physician,  North- 
ern Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Heart  and  Lungs,  1876; 
Visiting  Surgeon,  Chambers  Street  Hospital,  1876- 
1888,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  1880-83;  Consulting  Sur- 
geon since  1883;  Visiting  Surgeon,  New-York  Hospi- 
tal, since  1883;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Manhattan  Hos- 
pital, since  1880,  Hospital  for  the  Ruptured  and  Crip- 
pled since  1881,  New-York  State  Emigrants'  Hospi- 
tal, 1884-90;  Trustee,  New-York  Dispensary,  1885; 
Manager,  New-York  Skin  and  Cancer  Hospital,  1885; 


I7ite7'iies.  167 

Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Columbia,  1879; 
Demonstrator,  1879-80;  Adjunct  Professor  of  the  Prac- 
tice of  Surgery,  1887-89  ;  Professor  since  1889.  Author 
of  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Surgery:  35  West  35th  street,  New-York 
City. 

BuRCHARD,  Thomas  Herring, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1873,  II. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1869;  A. 
M.,  1872;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1872;  Assistant  to  the 
Chair  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
1873-75  ;  Lecturer  on  Surgical  Emergencies,  spring 
term ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  City  (late  Charity)  Hospital. 

General  Medicine :  7  East  48th  street,  New-York 
City 

BURFORD,*  J.  H., 2d  Medical  Division,   1853,   I. 

M.  D. ;  in  practice  in  Harrodsburgh,  Ky.,  1853.  Born 
in  Harrodsburgh,  Ky.,  and  reported  to  have  died  there  a 
few  years  after  leaving  the  hospital ;  cause,  dysentery. 

Burgess,  Daniel  Maynard,    3d  Medical  Division,  1853,  II. 

Attended  Clinton  (N.  Y.)  Liberal  Institute;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1852;  interne, 
Kings  County  (N.  Y.)  Hospital,  1852-53;  later,  at- 
tended clinics  in  Paris  ;  United  States  Sanitary  Inspec- 
tor, National  Board  of  Health,  Havana,  Cuba,  1879-83  ; 
United  States  Marine  Hospital  Service  since  1883  ;  Vis- 
iting Physician  to  several  hospitals  in  Havana  since 
1870.  Author  of  "Practical  Experiences  in  Regard  to 
the  Infection  of  Vessels  with  Yellow  Fever  at  Havana, 
Cuba,"  Amer.  Pub.  Health  Assoc,  Savannah,  Ga., 
Nov.  28  and  Dec.  31,  '81  ;  "The  Sanitary  Inspection 
Service  at  Havana,  Island  of  Cuba,"  Proceed.  Quar. 
Confer.,  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Mch.  5,  6,  and  7,  '89. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
and  Havana,  Cuba. 

Sanitary  Inspector,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S.,  and  General 
Medicine:  Havana,  Cuba;  home  address,  Herkimer, 
N.  Y. 


l68  Aji  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Burke,  Martin, 3d  Surgical  Division,  1877,  II. 

Attended  College  of  St.  Francis  Xavier,  1869-73;  M. 
D.,  Bcllcvuc,  1876;  Assistant  Surgeon,  New-York  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary,  1877-80. 

General  Medicine:  147  Lexington  Avenue,  New-York 
City. 

Burnet,  James  Brown,    .    .  ist  Medical  Division,   1868,  I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1863;  A. 
M.,  1866;  M.  D.,  1866;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Barna- 
bas' Hospital,  Newark,  N.  J.,  1870-78;  Children's  Aid 
Society,  1868-75;  Medical  Examiner  to  several  life 
insurance  companies  since  1868.  Author  of  "In- 
structions to  Medical  Examiners  in  Life  Insurance," 
and  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

Diseases  of  the  Nose,  Throat,  and  Lungs:  16  Chest- 
nut street,  Newark,  N.  J. 

BuRNETTE,  Edward  Worthixgtox, 

3d  Medical  Division,    1872,   I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1869;  Assistant  Physician,  Small- 
pox and  Fever  (afterward  Riverside)  Hospital,  New- 
York  City,  1S72;  New-York  City  Lunatic  Asylum, 
1873-74;  Visiting  Physician,  New- York  Dispensary, 
and  Attending  Physician,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear, 

1874-85. 

General  Medicine:  56  West  35th  street,  New-York 
City. 

BuRRALL,  Frederick  Augustus, 

1st  Surgical  Division,    1858,   1. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1850;  A.  M.,  1853;  M.  D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1857  ;  Attending  Surgeon, 
Northern  Dispensary,  1857-71  ;  Acting  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.  ;  Visiting  Physician,  Charity  Hospital, 
1866;  Visiting  Surgeon,  1867;  Visiting  Physician, 
Presbyterian  Hospital,  1875-85;  Home  for  Respectable 
Aged  and  Indigent  Females,  1874;  New-York  Infant 
Asylum,  1875  ;  Consulting  Physician,  Presbyterian 
Home  for  Old  Ladies,  since  1878.  Author  of  a  mono- 
graph on  "Cholera,"  Wm.  Wood  &  Co.,  1866;  a 
monograph  on  "Nitrite  of  Amyl  as  an  Antidote  to 
Chloroform,"    1876;     "Insanity    and    Juries,"    1873; 


Ill  terms.  169 

"Modern  Dwelling-houses  as  Maternities,"  1884; 
"Concerning  Ethics,"  1884;  "Dry  Cups  in  Diagnosis 
and  Therapeutics,"  1889;  and  various  articles  in  medi- 
cal journals. 

General  Medicine:  48  West  17th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Campbell,*  John  James,  .    .  2d  Surgical  Division,  1858,  I. 

Attended  College  of  St.  Francis  Xavier  ;  M.  D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1856;  Surgeon,  ship 
Manhaiimi,  later;  Surgeon,  28th  Regiment,  New- 
York  Volunteers,  1861  ;  in  practice  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
1862-65.  Died  suddenly  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  May  7, 
1865,  aged  29  years;  cause,  cardiac  disease. 

Canfield,  Herman,    ....  4th  Medical  Division,  1878,  I. 

A.  B.,  Racine  College,  1874;  A.  M.,  1877;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1876;  Founder 
and  Physician-in-charge  of  "Hopeworth,"  private  hos- 
pital for  chronic  diseases,  Bristol,  R.  I.,  since  1882. 
Author  of  "Some  Health  Resorts  of  the  South,"  Dec, 
1886;  in  general  practice,  Bristol,  R.  1.,  1878-83;  in 
charge  of  "  Hopeworth  "  since  1883. 

Chronic  Nervous  Diseases:   Bristol,  R.  1. 

Carleton,  George  William, 

2d  Surgical  Division,    1862,   II, 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1858;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1861. 
General  Medicine  :  25  Anne  street,  Lowell,  Mass. 

Carlisle,  Robert  James,    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1886,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1884;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Ma- 
teria Medica  and  Therapeutics  and  Clinical  Medicine, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1886-92;  Chair  of 
Practice  of  Medicine  since  1892;  Attending  Physician, 
Demilt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  1889-92  ;  Vis- 
iting Physician,  Workhouse  and  Almshouse  Hospitals, 
1889-93;  Gouverneur  Hospital  since  1892. 

General  Medicine:  55  West  45th  street,  New-York 
City. 

CARTER,t  Charles, 1862,  II. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1861;    Assistant  Surgeon,  U,  S.  N.,  1861-63;  Acting 


170  An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1863-65;  Surgeon  Army 
Hospital,  Turner's  Lane,  Philadelphia,  Pcnn.,  1863; 
Physician-in-chief,  Northern  Dispensary,  Philadelphia, 
1867-79;  Instructor  in  Physical  Diagnosis,  etc.,  at 
latter  and  at  School  of  Anatomy.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  1863;  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.,  1863-79;  Wallingford,  Penn.,  1879-83; 
Sacaton,  Ariz.,  1883-85;  Asheville,  N.  C,  1887-88; 
and  Blowing  Rock,  Watauga  Co.,  N.  C,  since  1888. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Chest :  Blowing 
Rock,  N.  C. 

C.\RT\VRIGHT,  Silas  S.,     .     3d  Medical  Division,    1854,   II. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1853; 
First  Assistant  Surgeon,  134th  Regiment,  New-York 
Volunteers,  1862;  Member  of  the  Assembly,  New-York 
State  Legislature,  1884-85  ;  Chairman  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Public  Health  of  the  Assembly,  1884  and  1885. 
Author  of"  Puerperal  Convulsions,"  Trans.  Med.  Soc. 
State  of  N.  Y.  ;  "  Apoplexy,"  idem  ;  and  various  articles 
in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine:   Roxbury,  N.  Y. 

Chadwick,   Payson   M.,    .    .  3d  Medical   Division,    1878,   I. 

At  Cornell,  1870-71  ;  M.  D.,  University  of  Vermont, 
1875  ;   University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1876. 
General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  Omaha,  Neb. 

Chamberlain, t  George  W., 

2d  Medical  Division,   iSj^,   II. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  At  Falley  Sem- 
inary, Fulton,  N.  Y.,  1865-69;  Cazenovia  (N.  Y.)  Sem- 
inary, 1870;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1873;  Clinical  Assistant,  Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear 
Hospital,  Diseases  of  the  Nose  and  Throat,  1882  ;  Assis- 
tant Surgeon  since  1882.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
hospital.  White  Plains,  N.  Y.,  and  New-York  City. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Throat:  439 
Lexington  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Chandler,*  Thomas  Knowlton, 

3d  Medical  Division,  1863,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1862;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  N.,  1863-66;  Acting  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon, 


Internes.  171 

1866-67;  on  S.  S.  Princess  Royal,  S.  S.  (Hefzelf), 
at  the  Navy  Yard,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  on  S.  S. 
Petwbscot.  Born  in  Charlotte,  N.  Y.,  August,  1837; 
died  on  board  U.  S.  S.  Penobscot  while  at  Charlotta 
Amelia,  Island  of  St.  Thomas,  February  5,  1867  ;  cause, 
yellow  fever,  contracted  while  in  the  discharge  of  his 
duty  among  the  crew. 

Cpiandler,  William  Jessup,    2d  Medical  Division,  1869,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1864;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1868;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  St.  Michael's  Hospital,  Newark,  N.  J., 
Department  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  1871-73;  Visiting 
Surgeon,  Memorial  Hospital,  Orange,  N.  J.,  since  1872  ; 
St.  Barnabas'  Hospital,  Newark,  N.  J.,  since  1880; 
President,  Essex  District  Medical  Society,  1884 ;  Orange 
Mountain  Medical  Society,  1887. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  South  Orange,  N.  J. 

Chapin,  Charles  V.,  .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1880,  I.  &  II. 

A.  B.,  Brown,  1876;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1879;  Pro- 
fessor of  Physiology,  Brown  University,  since  1886; 
Superintendent  of  Health,  Providence,  R.  I.,  since 
1884;  City  Register  since  1889.  Author  of  "The 
Sympathetic  Nerve  —  Its  Relations  to  Disease,"  1880; 
"The  Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Malarial  Fever  now 
Prevalent  in  New  England,"  1884 ;  "  The  Present  State 
of  the  Germ  Theory  of  Disease,"  1885;  "  The  Methods 
and  Practical  Results  of  the  Treatment  of  the  Malarial 
Diseases  now  Prevalent  in  New  England,"  1886;  "What 
Changes  Has  the  Germ  Theory  Made  in  the  Means  for 
the  Prevention  and  Treatment  of  Consumption?  "  1888; 
"The  Role  of  Ptomaines  in  Infectious  Diseases,"  1889. 

Superintendent  of  Health:  City  Hall,  Providence, 
R.   I. 

Chapin,  Frederick  W.,  ...  3d  Medical  Division,  1875,  I. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1870;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1873; 
Clinical  Assistant,  Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital, 
1875;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Springfield  (Mass.)  City  Hos- 
pital, since  1879;  Medical  Director,  Massachusetts 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  since  1885  ;  Examin- 
ing Surgeon,  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  since  1879. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  20  Maple  street, 
Springfield,  Mass. 


172  An  Account  of  Bel  lev  uc  Hospital. 

Chapin,  Walter  Henry.    .    4tli  Medical  Division,  1884,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1880;   M.  D.,  Columbia,  1883. 
General   Medicine :     675    State   street,    Springfield, 
Mass. 

CiiAi'MAN,  Clarence  Rogers, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1892,    I. 

M.  D,,  University  of  Vermont,  1887;  University  of 
the  City  of  New- York,  1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:   Medina,  N.  Y. 

Charlton,  Thomas  J.,    .    .    3d  Medical  Division,  1886,  II. 

A.  B.,  Virginia  Military  Institute,  1882;  M.  D., 
Bellevue,  1885;  Visiting  Physician,  Savannah  (Ga. ), 
Hospital,  since  1887;  Savannah  Female  Orphan  Asy- 
lum since  1887. 

General  Medicine  :   Savannah,  Ga. 

Chase.  William  Earle,    .    ist  Surgical  Division,  1891,    I. 

At  Stevens  Institute,  1883-84;  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,  1889. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :   Nutley,  N.  J. 

Cheesman,  Timothy  Matlack, 

3d  Surgical  Division,  1879,  II. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1874;  A.  M.,  1877;  M.  D.,  1878; 
Assistant  in  Bacteriology,  Columbia. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  46  East  29th  street, 
New-York  City. 

Cheesman,  Willia.m  Sanderson, 

4th  Medical  Division,  1880,  II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1875;  A.  M.,  1878;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1879.  Author  of  "  Physical  Exercise,"  Wood's 
Ref.  Hndbk.  Med.  Sc,  Vol.  11.,  p.  757;  "  Expectora- 
tion,"/V/t*;;/,  p.  768;  "Hallucinations  and  Illusions," 
idem,  Vol.  HI.,  p.  481  ;  and  various  articles  in  medical 
journals.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Cold 
Spring,  N.  Y.,  1880-82,  and  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  since  1882. 

General  Medicine  :  22  William  street,  Auburn,  N,  Y. 


Internes.  i  ']2^ 

Chetwood,  Charles  Howard, 

3d  Surgical  Division,  1889,    I. 

At  Princeton,  1883;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1887  ;  Phy- 
sician and  Surgeon,  City  Prisons,  New-York,  since 
1889;  Assistant  Attending  Surgeon,  Demilt  Dispen- 
sary, 1889-90  ;  Attending  Surgeon  since  1890.  Author 
of  "  The  Toxic  Effects  of  Cocaine  Hydrochlorate,  with 
Report  of  a  Case,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Aug.  10,  1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  120  East  34th  street, 
New-York  City. 

Chunn,*  James  T.,       .    .    .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1853,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  Maryland,  1851;  studying  in 
Europe,  1851-53;  in  practice  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
1853-67.  Died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  January,  1867; 
cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  from  a  patient. 

Clark,  Joseph  Carpenter,     ist  Surgical  Division,  1887,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1885  ; 
Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary, 
1887-89;  Instructor  in  Surgery,  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,  1887-89;  Surgeon-in-charge,  Olean  (N. 
Y.)  Hospital,  since  1889.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
hospital,  New- York  City,  1887-89,  and  Olean,  N.  Y., 
since  1889. 

General  Surgery:   Olean,  N.  Y. 

Clark, t  Stephen  J.,    .    .    .ist  Surgical  Division,  1862,  II. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  At  College  of  St. 
Francis  Xavier,  1853-58;  M.  D.,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1861  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N., 
1861-65;  Attending  Physician,  Northern  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  Heart  and  Lungs,  1870;  Curator  and  Pa- 
thologist, New-York  Medico-legal  Society,  1870-71  ; 
Surgeon,  New-York  City  Police  Department,  1873-74; 
Examining  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  1888-89. 

General  Medicine :  21  West  nth  street,  New-York 
City. 

Cleaveland,  Trumbull  Willl\ms, 

2d  Medical  Division,  1886,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1884; 
House  Physician,  St.  Peter's  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 


1/4  ^'^  A  ceo  mi  t  of  Bellevjie  Hospital. 

1883-84;  Attendinjj  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dis- 
pensary, Diseases  of  Women,  since  1886;  University 
Dispensary  since  1886;  Northwestern  Dispensary,  Dis- 
eases of  Head  and  Abdomen,  1887-89;  Diseases  of 
Children  since  1889;  Instructor  in  Diseases  of  Women, 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  since  1887. 

General  Medicine  :  242  West  43d  street,  New-York 
City. 

Clements,*  Nelson,  ....  4th  Surgical  Division,  1880,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1879; 
Surgeon.  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  New-York 
City  to  Panama,  1880;  in  practice  in  New-York  City, 
1880.  liorn,  June  17,  1856;  died  in  New-York  City, 
December  13,  1880;  cause,  chronic  nephritis. 

Cleveland,  William  Knapp, 

4th  Medical  Division,  1861,  II. 

At  Genesee  Wesleyan  College,  Lima,  N.  Y.,  1848- 
1850;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  i860; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  at 
David's  Island,  1861-62;  Fort  Schuyler,  1862-63; 
Elmira,  N.  Y.,  1863-64;  and  Camp  Parole,  Md., 
1864-65  ;  Pathologist  and  Consulting  Surgeon,  Camp 
Parole  Hospital,  Annapolis,  Md.,  1865.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital.  East  Saginaw,  Mich.,  1862; 
Leavenworth,  Kan.,  1865-68;  Brantford,  Ont.,  1868-69. 
and  Erie,  Penn.,  since  1869. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :   Erie,  Penn. 

CoAKLEY,  Cornelius  Godfrey, 

2d  Medical  Division,  1888,  II. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1884;  A. 
M.,  1887  ;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1887  ;  Lecturer  on  Histology  and  Anatomy,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  since  1889. 

General  Medicine:  126  East  45th  street,  New-York 
City. 

COAN,t  Titus  Munson,  .    .    .  ?</  Surgical  Division^  i86j,  /. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.  A.  B.,  Williams, 
1859;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1861  ;  Acting  Assistant  Sur- 
geon,  U.   S.  A.,  at  Central  Park  and  David's  Island 


Internes  175 

Hospitals,  1863;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N., 
1863-65;  Attending  Physician,  Northeastern  Dispen- 
sary, 1870-73  ;  Northwestern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
the  Eye,  1873-76.  Author  of  "  Ounces  of  Prevention," 
1885  ;  "  The  Mineral  Springs  of  Eastern  France,"  1886; 
'•'Therapeutics  of  Mineral  Waters,"  1886,  etc. 

Climatology  and  Mineral  Waters:  20  West  14th 
street.  Residence,  67  East  54th  street,  New-York  City. 

Cobb,*  Reuben, 2d  Medical  Division,  1857,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1856; 
in  practice  in  Tarboro,  N.  C,  1861-72.  Born  in  Pitt 
County,  Md.,  January  21,  1833;  died  in  Tarboro,  N. 
C,  February  13,  1872;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Cochran,*  John  Joseph,  .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1876,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1875  '■>  i^^  practice,  Milford,  Mass., 
1877-78;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1878-80; 
First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  1880-85  ;  Cap- 
tain and  Assistant  Surgeon,  1885-91.  Residence  after 
leaving  the  hospital.  New- York  City,  Milford,  Mass., 
and  U.  S.  Army.  Born  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  1853; 
died  in  New-York  City,  August  5,  1891  ;  cause,  typhoid 
fever. 

Coles,*  Walter,  "^   ....  2d  Surgical  Dk<ision,  1861,  II. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.  At  Hampden  Sid- 
ney College,  Va.,  1855-57;  University  of  Virginia, 
1857-58;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
i860;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  President,  Wood 
County  (W.  Va. )  Medical  Society,  1870;  Professor, 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Medical  College 
of  Virginia,  1868;  Consulting  Physician,  St.  Ann's 
Lying-in  Asylum,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1882;  St.  Louis 
Female  Hospital,  1886-92;  President,  St.  Louis  Obstet- 
rical and  Gynaecological  Society,  1886-88;  Professor 
Obstetrics,  Beaumont  Hospital  Medical  College,  St. 
Louis,  1886-92.  Author  of  "  Progressive  Locomotor 
Ataxia,"  1868;  "  Aneesthetics,"  1870;  "Embolism  in 
Its  Relation  to  Disease,"  1871  ;  "The  Power  of  In- 
finitesimals," 1871  ;  "Spasmodic  Dysmenorrhoea," 
1872;  "Remarks  on  Alcohol,"  1873;  "Abortion: 
Its  Causes  and  Treatment,"  1874;  "Remarks  on 
Digitalis,"    1876;     "Hepatic    Abscess,"    1878;     "  Vi- 


1/6  Afi  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

carious  Menstruation,"  1879;  '' Intra-utcrine  Am- 
putations," 1880;  "  Post-partuin  Atrophy  of  the 
Uterus,"  1882;  "The  Nurse  and  Mother,"  1883; 
"Post-partum  Hemorrhage,"  1884;  "Induction  of 
Premature  Labor,"  1885;  "Excision  of  the  Rectum," 
1885  ;  "The  Legitimate  Scope  of  Gynaecology,"  1887. 
Residence  after  leaving  the  hospital,  Parkersburg,  W. 
Va.,  1865-71,  and  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1871-92.  Died  in 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1892. 

CoNANT,  George  Seymour, 

2d   Medical   Division,  1879,  11. 

M.  I).,  Bcllcvue,  1877;  Inspector  of  Contagious  Dis- 
eases, New-York  City  Health  Department,  1880-88  ; 
Visiting  Physician,  Workhouse  and  Almshouse  Hospi- 
tals, since  1883,  New-York  Infant  Asylum,  1883-85  ; 
Attending  Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
Children,  1880-83;  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Dis- 
eases of  Children,  1884-85  ;  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and 
Lungs,  1885-86. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Women  :  148  East 
i8th  street,  New-York  City. 

CONDICT,   Isaiah  W., Medical  Division,  18^0,  II. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1847. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Succasunna  Plains, 
N.  J.,  and  Dover,  N.  J. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  Dover,  N.  J. 

Connelly,   Frank  J.,  .    .    .  3d  Surgical  Division,    1894,    I. 

At  St.  Vincent's  College,  1888;  M,  D.,  Bellevue,  1892. 
Address:    14  Park  street,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Constable,  Herbert  Lee, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1890,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1889. 
General  Medicine:    125  West  34th  street,  New- York 
City. 

CoNWAY,  John  R 4th  Surgical  Division,    1884,   II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1883;  Instructor,  Clinical  and  Op- 
erative Surgery,  New-York  Post-graduate  School,  1885- 
1887;    Attendmg  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispen- 


Internes.  177 

sary,  1887-89;  Assistant  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  since  1889.  Author  of  various  articles  in 
medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  130  Lexington 
Avenue,  New- York  City. 

Cook,*  Henry  White,  .    .    .  2d  Medical  Division,  i86j,  II. 

Died  while  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1862;  at  Williston  Seminary  interruptedly,  1853-56; 
studying  medicine  under  Dr.  James  Dunlap,  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  1859;  at  Berkshire,  1859-60;  under  Dr. 
Willard  Parker,  New-York  City,  1860-62  ;  received  the 
Harzen  prize  for  the  best  clinical  report  from  the  wards 
of  the  New- York  Hospital.  Author  of  "The  Diarrhoea 
of  Soldiers  as  It  Appeared  at  Bellevue  Hospital,"  1863. 
Born  in  West  Hampton,  Mass.,  October  1 1,  1836  ;  died 
in  Bellevue  Hospital,  March  17,  1863;  cause,  uraemia 
coma  which  developed  during  convalescence  from 
typhus  fever. 

Cooke,  Almon  Havens,    .    .  4th  Surgical  Division,  1894,  I. 

At  College  of  City  of  New-York;  M.  D.,  University 
of  City  of  New-York,  1892. 

Address:    148  East  i8th  street,  New- York  City. 

Coombs,  George  Holden,    .  ist  Stirgical  Division,  1888,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1886. 
General  Medicine :  Brunswick,  Me. 

Cooper,  Oswald  Othniel,    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1892,  I. 

A.   B.,   National   Normal  University,  Lebanon,  O., 
1887;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1890. 
Address  :   Hinton,  W.  Va. 

CORRIGAN,  Joseph  Felix,  .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1873,  I. 

A.  B.,  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  Md.,  1865  ;  A.  M., 
1867;  Ph.D.,  1883;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1871.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  Newark,  N.  J.,  New-York 
City,  San  Antonio,  and  Saint  Leo,  Fla. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  Saint  Leo,  Fla. 

CORTELYOU,  Peter  Rouse,  .  3d  Surgical  Division,  1868,   I, 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1864;  A.  M.,  1867;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1867;    Visiting  Physician,   Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Orphan 


178  Aji  Account  of  Bclkvuc  Hospital. 

Asylum  1873-76;  Lecturer  on  Physiology  and  Hygiene, 
Marietta  (Ga.)  Male  Academy,  since  1886,  Harwood 
Female  Seminary  since  18S6.  Residence  since  leaving 
the  hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1868-76,  and  Marietta, 
Ga.,  since  1879. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Lungs  and 
Throat:   ALarietta,  Ga. 

CORWix,  Fred  Miller,    .         3d  Medical  Division,  1882,  II. 

INL  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1881. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City 
and  Bayonne  City,  N.  J. 

General  Medicine :  West  Sixth  street,  Bayonne  Citv, 
N.J. 

Cory,  David  Magie,    ...     3d  Surgical   Division,  1867,   1. 

At  Yalc,i862;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1866;  Interne,  In- 
fants' Hospital,  Randall's  Island,  New- York  City,  1865- 
1866;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Charity  Hospital,  1871-85;  As- 
sistant Attending  Surgeon,  Demilt  Dispensary,  1870- 
1876;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispen- 
sary, Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Lungs,  1872;  North- 
western Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  1876-79; 
New-York  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  1875-79; 
Free  Dispensary  for  Sick  Children,  1871-79.  Resi- 
dence since  leaving  the  hospital,  Oyster  Bay,  N.  Y., 
1866-70,  New- York  City,  1870-85,  and  Rye,  N.  Y., 
since  1885. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :   Rye,  N.  Y. 

CovELL,*  Charles  Henry,  .  3d  Medical  Division,  1861,  II. 

At  Fort  Edward  (N.  Y.)  Institute,  1852-54;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  i860;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  1861,  on 
S.  S.  Colorado.  Born  in  Hartford,  N.  Y.,  January  19, 
1837;  died  on  board  U.  S.  S.  Colorado,  off  Fort  Pick- 
ens, Fla.,  August  8,  1861  ;  cause,  dysentery. 

Craig,*  Thompson  Francis,   3d  Medical  Division,  1854,  I. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1851  ;  in 
London  and  Paris,  1859;  in  practice  in  Danville,  Ky., 
1860-63.  Born  in  Lincoln  County,  Ky.,  July  17,  1832  ; 
died  in  Stanford,  Ky.,  February  12,  1863;  cause, 
typhoid  fever. 


Internes.  1 79 

Crandall,  Floyd  Milford,  2d  Medical  Division,  1885,  IL 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1884; 
Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  Children,  1886-88;  Clinical  Assistant,  Dis- 
eases of  Children,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1886-88;  Lecturer,  Diseases  of  Children,  New-York 
Polyclinic,  since  1888;  Attending  Physician,  North- 
western Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  since  1889; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  New-York  Skin  and  Cancer  Hos- 
pital, since  1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Children:  113 
West  95th  street,  New-York  City. 

Crary,  George  Waldo,    .    .  4th  Surgical  Division,  1887,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1885;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Dispensary,  1888-89;  Assistant  Attending 
Surgeon,  Roosevelt  Hospital  Dispensary,  since  1888; 
Clinical  Assistant  in  Physiological  Chemistry,  New- 
York  Post-Graduate  School,  1888-90. 

General  Surgery:  152  West  57th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Crockett,  Montgomery  Adams, 

4th  Surgical  Division,  1887,  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1882;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1S85  ;  at 
University  of  Vienna,  1887-88;  Rotunda  Hospital, 
Dublin,  1888;  Attending  Physician,  Fitch  Dispensary, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Diseases  of  Women,  since  1890;  As- 
sistant to  the  Chair  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of 
Women,  University  of  Buffalo,  since  1890;  Lecturer  on 
Diseases  of  Women,  Spring  Term,  1891  ;  Assistant 
Gynsecologist,  Buffalo  General  Hospital,  since  1890. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Washington,  D. 
C,  and  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

General  Medicine  :  482  Franklin  street,  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Cross,  Thaddeus  Marshall  Brooks, 

3d  Surgical  Division,  1869,  I. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1863;  A.  M.,  1866;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1868;  Attending  Physician,  Central  Dispensary, 
1869-70;  Resident  Physician,  New-York  State  Hospital 
for  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System,  1870-71;  Attend- 
ing Physician,  and  Clinical  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the 


i8o  A?i  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Mind  and  Nenous  System,  1871-75;  Assistant  to  the 
Chair  of  Diseases  of  the  Mind  and  Nervous  System, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1870-74;  Lec- 
turer on  Electricity  in  its  Medical  Relations,  Spring 
Term,  1872;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Diseases  of 
the  Mind  and  Nervous  System,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1875;  Assistant  Editor,  "Pyscho- 
logical  and  Medico-legal  Journal,"  1871-75  ;  Councilor, 
and  one  of  the  organizers,  New-York  Neurological 
Society,  1874;  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  American 
Neurological  Association.  Author  of  "Amnesic  and 
Ataxic  Aphasia,  Agraphia  and  Temporary  Right 
Hemiplegia,"  Amer.  Pract.,  April,  1872;  "Remarks 
on  a  Case  of  Reported  Recovery  from  Glosso-Labio- 
Laryngcal  Paralysis,"  Jour.  Psych.  Med.,  Jan.,  1872; 
"  The  Condition  of  the  Interior  Ocular  Circulation,  as  a 
Guide  to  the  Treatment  of  Epilepsy,"  Trans.  Amer. 
Ncur.  Assoc,  April,  1877;  "Wm.  A.  Hammond's 
Clinical  Lectures  on  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System, 
Reported  and  Edited  with  Histories  and  Notes,"  D.  A. 
•S:  Co.,  1874;  etc.,  etc.  "Reviews  of  Books,"  Jour. 
Psych.  Med.  and  Medico-leg.  Jour.,  1870-75. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  Sys- 
tem :   Sturtevant  House,  New-York  City. 

Cruse,  Thomas  K.,     .    .    .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1871,  II. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1868;  A. 
M.,  1871  ;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1870;  studying  in  London 
and  Paris,  1871  and  1878:  Attending  Surgeon,  Belle- 
vue Hospital  Dispensary,  1871-73;  Professor  of  Genito- 
urinary Diseases,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Chicago,  111.,  1882;  Medical  Examiner,  U.  S.  Pension 
Bureau,  Washington,  D.  C,  1886;  Health  Officer, 
Town  of  Wappinger,  N.  Y.,  1886.  Author  of  "Rup- 
ture of  the  Bladder,  Dependent  on  Stricture  of  the  Ure- 
thra as  a  Primary  Cause,"  Wood  Alum.  Prize  Essay, 
N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Aug.,  1871  ;  "  (Edema  of  the  Lungs," 
N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  June,  1871  ;  "Injuries  Which  Hap- 
pen to  the  Wrist-joint,"  Merritt  H.  Cash  Prize  Essay, 
Trans.  Med.  Soc,  State  N.  Y.,  1874;  and  various 
other  articles  in  medical  journals.  Residence  since  leav- 
ing the  hospital,  New-York  City,  1871-72;  Tarrytown, 
N.  Y.,  1872-75;  Leesburgh,  Fla.,  1878-79;  Wappin- 
ger's  Falls,  N.  Y.,  1879-86 ;  Washington,  D.  C,  1886- 


/filer  lies.  1 8 1 

1887;    Brooklyn,   N.  Y.,    1887-88;    and  Wappinger's 
Falls,  N.  Y.,  since  1888. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  Wappinger's  Falls, 
N.  Y. 

CUDDEBACK,  WiLLlAM  L.,  .  1st  Surgical  Division,    1878,   I. 

At  Cornell,  1872-74;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1876. 
General  Medicine:  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y. 

Culver,  Everett  M.,   .    .  4th  Medical  Division,   1882,  II. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1879;  A.  M.,  1882;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1881  ;  at  Universities  of  Berlin  and  Vienna,  1882; 
Heidelberg,  1883  ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Post- 
graduate Medical  School,  1884-85  ;  Assistant  Attend- 
ing Surgeon,  New-York  Hospital  Dispensary,  since 
1884;    Pathologist,  Manhattan   Hospital,  since    1887. 

General  Medicine  :  124  West  95th  street,  New-York 
City. 

CUMMINGS,   Samuel,     ...     2d  Medical  Division,    1890,   I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  Toronto,  1888;  University  of 
the  City  of  New-York,  1888;  Assistant  Attending  Phy- 
sician, Chambers  Street  Hospital  Dispensary,  New- York 
City,  1890;  attended  clinics  and  hospitals  in  Europe, 
1891. 

Address:  256  East  Main  street,  Hamilton,  Ont. 

Cunningham,*  William  Henry, 

Surgical  Division,    1850,   III. 

A.  B.,  Centre  College,  Danville,  Ky.,  1847;  A.  M., 
1850;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1849; 
in  practice  in  Winchester,  Ky.,  1851-58;  in  Clark 
County,  Ky.,  185S-75  ;  attended  medical  courses  in 
New-York  City,  1865-66.  Born  in  Bourbon  County, 
Ky.,  June  3,  1830;  died  in  Clark  County,  Ky.,  Febru- 
ary 2,  1875  ;  cause,  acute  articular  rheumatism,  cardiac 
complication. 

Curtis,  John  Green,    .    .   ist  Surgical  Division,  1870,  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1866;  A.  M.,  1869;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1870;  Attending  Physician,  Northern  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  Head  and  Abdomen,  1871-72;  Attending 
Surgeon,  Trinity  Dispensary,  1874-75;  New-York  Or- 


1 82  A 71  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

thopicdic  Dispensary  and  Hospital,  1876-77;  Visiting 
Surgeon,  Hellevue  Hospital,  1877-80;  Assistant  Dem- 
onstrator of  Anatomy,  Columbia,  1870-71;  Demon- 
strator, 1871-75;  Adjunct  Lecturer  on  Physiology, 
1875-76;  Adjunct  Professor,  1876-83;  Professor  since 
1883:  Secretary  of  the  Faculty,  1876-90;  in  general 
practice,  1870-83. 

Professor  of  Physiology:  127  East  35th  street,  New- 
York  City. 

CUSHING,:}:  Ernest  Watson,  2d  Surgical  Division,  18"] 2,  II. 

Left  the  hospital  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Har- 
vard, 1867;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1871  ;  at  Rome,  1870; 
Paris,  1870;  University  of  Heidelberg,  1872;  General 
Hospital,  Vienna,  1872-74';  Berlin,  1885;  Vienna  and 
Paris,  1885  ;  Attending  Physician,  Boston  City  Hospi- 
tal Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Nose,  1876- 
1883;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Murdock  Free  Surgical  Hos- 
pital for  Women,  1886-89;  Woman's  Charity  Club 
Hospital  since  1890.  Editor  of  "Annals  of  Gynaecology 
and  Pediatry." 

Gynaecology  and  Abdominal  Surgery  :  168  Newbury 
street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Gushing,  George  Briggs,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1892,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1891. 
Address:  Wheeling,  W.  \'a. 

GUTLER,  GONDICT  Walker,    ist  Medical  Division,    1884,   I. 

B.  S.,  Rutgers,  1879;  M.  S.,  1882;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1882;  House  Physician,  St.  John's  Guild  Nursery 
and  Child's  Hospital,  New  Dorp,  N.  Y.,1884;  Attend- 
ing Surgeon,  Eastern  Dispensary,  New-York  City, 
1885-86;  Attending  Physician,  New-York  Dispensary, 
General  Medicine,  1885-88;  Physician-in-chief  since 
1888  ;  Assistant  Attending  Surgeon,  New-York  Hospi- 
tal Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  and  Genito-uri- 
nary  Diseases,  since  1884 ;  Clinical  Assistant,  Diseases  of 
Children,  Columbia,  1884-85  ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
the  Skin,  University  of  \'ermont,  since  1890.  Author 
of  "  Medical  Students'  Essentials  of  Physics  and  Chem- 
istry "  (1st  ed.,  1886;  2d  ed.,  1887;  3d  ed.,  1889); 
"Manual  of  Differential  Medical  Diagnosis"  (1st  ed., 


Internes.  1 83 

1886;   2d  ed.,   1887;    3d   ed.,   1889;    4th  ed.,   1890); 
"  Differential  Diagnosis  of  Diseases  of  the  Skin,"  1887. 
General  Medicine  and  Skin  and  Venereal  Diseases: 
260  West  57th  street,  New-York  City. 

Dalrymple,  Aaron  Pitney,  .    .  Surgical  Division,  1852,  II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1847;  A.  M.,  1850;  M.  D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1851  ;  Surgeon,  New- 
York  City  Police  Department,  1855-56,  and  1872-73  ; 
Major  and  Surgeon,  12th  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y. , 
1857-59;  Aide-de-camp  on  General  William  Hall's 
staff,  1860-61;  Major  and  Surgeon,  ist  Regiment  N. 
Y.  Volunteer  Engineers,  Department  of  the  South,  1861- 
1862;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Volunteers,  Department  of  the 
South,  1862-65  ;  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Medical  Di- 
rector, 1865-66  ;  Physician,  New-York  City  Health  De- 
partment, 1870-72;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S. 
A.,  1888-89. 

General  Medicine:  337  West  35th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Dalton,*  Edward  Barry,  .  ist  Medical  Division,  1859,  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1855;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1858;  Resident  Physician,  St.  Luke's 
Hospital,  New-York  City,  1859;  Surgeon,  S.  S.  Quaker 
City,  1861  ;  Surgeon,  36th  Regiment,  New-York  Vol- 
unteers, 1861-63  ;  ^t  Washington,  Fortress  Monroe, 
Chickahominy,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg;  Medical  In- 
spector, 6th  Army  Corps,  1863  ;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Vol- 
unteers, 1863  ;  at  Chesapeake  General  Hospital,  1863  ; 
Chief  Medical  Officer,  Balfour  General  Hospital,  Ports- 
mouth, Va.,  1863;  Medical  Inspector,  Army  of  the 
Potomac  in  the  Wilderness  campaign,  1864;  General 
Medical  Officer,  Depot  Field  Hospital,  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac, City  Point,  Va.,  1864;  Medical  Director,  9th 
Army  Corps  at  Lee's  surrender.  Brevet  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  and  Colonel  of  Volunteers,  1865  ;  Sanitary 
Superintendent,  Metropolitan  Board  of  Health,  New- 
York  City,  1866-69;  Clinical  Assistant  to  the  Chair 
of  Practice  of  Medicine,  Columbia,  1868;  Lecturer 
on  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System,  1868;  Visiting 
Physician  to  the  Sheltering  Arms,  1868;  Orphans' 
Home  and  Asylum,  1868;   Hospital  for  Paralytics  and 


184  A?i  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Epileptics,  1868  ;  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  1869;  Instructor  in  the  Theory  and  Practice 
of  Medicine,  Harvard,  1870-72.  Born  in  Lowell,  Mass., 
September  21,  1834;  died  in  Santa  Barbara,  Cal.,  May 
13,  1872;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Dana,  Charles  Loo^^s,   .   .  3d  Medical  Division,  1878.  II. 

A.  B.,  Dartmouth,  1872;  A.  M.,  1875;  M.  D.,  Na- 
tional Medical  College,  Washington,  D.  C,  1876; 
Columbia,  1877  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S., 
1879;  Visiting  Neurologist,  New-York  Infant  Asy- 
lum, 1885-88;  Montefiore  Home  since  1889;  North- 
eastern Dispensary,  1882-87;  \'isiting  Physician,  Belle- 
vue  Hospital,  since  1885;  Professor  of  Comparative 
Physiology,  Columbia  School  of  Comparative  Pa- 
thology, 1880-83;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Woman's 
Medical  College  of  the  New-York  Infirmary,  1882-87; 
Professor  of  Nervous  and  Mental  Diseases,  New-York 
Post-graduate  Medical  School,  since  1884  ;  Dartmouth 
since  1889;  President,  New- York  Neurological  Society, 
1886-88.  Author  of  "On  the  Benignity  of  Syphilis," 
N.  Y.  County  Medical  Society  Prize  Essay,  N.  Y.  Med. 
Rec,  Nov.  6,  1881  ;  "Concussion  of  the  Spine  and 
Hysteria,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Dec.  6,  1884;  "Medical 
Expert  Testimony,"  N.  American  Rev.,  1885;  "Clini- 
cal Study  of  Neuralgias,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  July  23, 
1887;  "The  Cortical  Localization  of  the  Cutaneous 
Sensations,"  Jour.  Nerv.  and  Ment.  Dis.,  Oct.,  1888; 
"Cranial  Topography,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Jan.  12, 
1889  ;  "  The  Anaesthesias  of  Hysteria,"  Trans.  Assoc. 
Amer.  Phys.,  1890. 

Nervous  and  Mental  Diseases :  50  West  46th  street, 
New-York  City. 

Day,*  Walter  De  Forest,  ist  ^ledical  Division,  1865,  II. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1859:  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1863;  in 
Europe,  1866;  Medical  Cadet,  U.  S.  A.,  1861  ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Botany  and  Materia  Medica,  New-York  Col- 
lege of  Pharmacy,  1868-89;  Sanitary  Superintendent 
and  Register  of  Vital  Statistics,  New-York  City  Health 
Department,  1873-89.  Born  in  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  1835  ; 
died  in  New-York  City,  November  27,  1889;  cause, 
rupture  of  an  aneurism  of  the  aorta. 


htternes.  185 

Dearborn, t  Reuben  Fletcher, 

I  St  Medical  Division,  iSy^,  I. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Dartmouth, 
1870;  A.  M.,  1873;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of 
New- York,  1874;  City  Physician,  Lynn,  Mass.,  1876- 
1877.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Lynn, 
Mass.,  1875-83;  Boston,  1883-88;  Detroit,  Mich., 
1889-90;   Lynn,  Mass.,  since  1891. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  i6  South  Common 
street,  Lynn,  Mass. 

Delafield,   Francis ist  Medical  Division,  1865,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  i860;  LL.  D.,  1890;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1863;  Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1866;  Visiting 
Physician,  1875-86;  Consulting  Physician  since  1886; 
Visiting  Physician,  Roosevelt  Hospital,  since  1873;  Sur- 
geon, New-York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1870;  Pathol- 
ogist, Roosevelt  Hospital,  1873  ;  Professor  of  Pathology 
and  Practical  Medicine,  Columbia,  since  1876.  Author 
of  "Handbook  of  Pathological  Anatomy  and  Histol- 
ogy," Delafield  &  Prudden,  Wm.  Wood  &  Co.,  3d  ed., 
1889;  "  Studies  in  Pathology  and  Anatomy,"  Wood  & 
Co.  ;    "  Manual  of  Physical  Diagnosis,"  Wood  &  Co. 

General  Medicine:  12  West  32d  street,  New-York 
City. 

De   Lancy,   Charles   Hermance, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1893,  I. 
M.  D.,  Columbia,  1891. 
Address:    10  Grand  street,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 

Dennis,  Frederic  Shepard,  3d  Surgical  Division,  1876,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1872;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1874;  M.  R. 
C.  S.,  Eng.,  1877;  at  Universities  of  Heidelberg,  Ber- 
lin, and  Vienna,  1877-78  ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  since  1882  ;  St.  Vincent's  Hospital  since  1882  ; 
Harlem  Hospital  since  1887;  Consulting  Surgeon, 
Montefiore  Home,  since  1888  ;  Demonstrator  of  Anat- 
omy, Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1879-82  ;  Pro- 
fessor of  Surgery  since  1882.  Author  of  "Compound 
Fractures,"  "Trephining  in  Injuries  of  the  Skull," 
"Supra-pubic  Cystotomy,"  "Fractures  of  the  Base  of 
the    Skull,"   "Gluteal   Aneurism,"   "Laparotomy   for 


1 86  A  fi  Accouui  of  Bellcvue  Hospital. 

Visceral  Injuries."  "Wiring  of  Fractured  Patellae," 
"TheAction  of  Micro-organismsupon  Surgical  Wounds, 
etc,"  "Sarcoma  of  Bone,"  "Paralysis  following  Head 
Injuries,"  "Aseptic  Treatment  of  Wounds,"  "The 
Technique  Involved  in  Amputation,"  "Neurectomy  of 
the  Fifth  Nerve,"  "The  Propriety  of  Removing  the 
Appendix  Vermiformis  during  the  Interval  of  Recurring 
Attacks." 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  542  Madison  Avenue, 
New-York  City. 

De  Rosset,*  Moses  John,     2d  Medical  Division,  1861,  II. 

Attended  University  of  Geneva,  Switzerland;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  i860;  Assistant 
Surgeon  of  Artillery,  in  Stonewall  Jackson's  Command ; 
Surgeon  and  Inspector  of  Hospitals,  Richmond,  Va., 
1861-65;  '"  practice  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  1865-73;  Ad- 
junct Professor  of  Physiology,  University  of  Maryland, 
1867;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  College  of  Pharmacy, 
Baltimore,  Md.,  and  in  College  of  Dentistry,  later; 
Secretary,  Marjland  Academy  of  Sciences,  1868;  in 
practice  in  Wilmington,  N.  C,  1873-78;  New- York 
City,  1878-80;  Associate-Editor,  "  North  Carolina  Med- 
ical Journal,"  1878-81  ;  translator  of  Bouchardat's  "An- 
nuaire,"  1867.  Born  in  Pittsboro,  N.  C,  July  4,  1838; 
died  in  New-York  City,  September,  1880;  cause,  pul- 
monary tuberculosis. 

Devlin,*  Henry  J.,  .    .    .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1864,  II. 

Died  while  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1864; 
ser\-ed  while  a  student  as  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  at  Park  Barracks  and  at  Surgical  Relief  As- 
sociation; received  the  first  Metcalfe  Prize  for  the  best 
report  of  clinics,  1863.  Born  in  New-York  City,  Octo- 
ber 4,  1838;  died  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  April  5,  1864; 
cause,  typhus  fever, 

Dewey,*  George  Clinton,  4th  Medical  Di-.-isiou,  i86j,  I. 

Died  while  .Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Williams,  i860; 
A.  M.,  1863;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1863,  Born  in  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  December  6,  1840;  died  there,  April 
17,  1864;  cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty 
in  Bellevue  Hospital. 


Intej'ues.  187 

Dixon,  George  Arthur,  4th  Medical   Division,   1879,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1878;  Visiting  Physician,  Charity 
Hospital,  1883-88. 

General  Medicine:  15  West  49th  street,  New-York 
City. 


Dodge,  Joseph  Smith,  Jr.,  4th  Medical  Division,   1857,  I- 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1853;  A.  M.,  1856;  M.  D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1856;  D.  D.  S.,  Bal- 
timore College  of  Dentistry,  1858  ;  Professor  of  Dental 
Pathology  and  Therapeutics,  New-York  College  of 
Dentistry.  t 

Dentistry:  15  West  20th  street,  New-York  City; 
residence,  Stamford,  Conn. 


DoNAGHE,*  William  Rice,  .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1853,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1852;  A.  M.,  1859;  M.  D.,  University 
of  the  City  of  New- York,  1852;  in  Paris,  1853-55.  Sur- 
geon, immigrants'  ship,  Havre  to  New-York,  1855.  In 
practice  in  New-York  City,  1855-65  ;  Attending  Physi- 
cian, Demilt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear, 
1855-56;  Attending  Surgeon,  1856-63:  Visiting  Sur- 
geon, New-York  Colored  Home  and  Hospital,  St. 
Luke's  Hospital,  1856-65  ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1861-64;  Lecturer 
on  Surgical  Anatomy  and  Venereal  Diseases,  1860-65. 
In  1856  Donaghe  tied  the  right  common  carotid  artery 
for  malignant  disease  of  the  palate.  Born  at  New  Ha- 
ven, Conn.,  April  26,  1830;  died  in  New-York  City, 
July  18,  1866;  cause,  general  paresis. 

Done,*  Joseph  Bayly,    .    .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1865,  I. 

A.  B.,  honoris  causa,  Princeton,  1865;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1864;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Dispensary,  1867;  Visiting  Physician,  Charity  Hospital, 
1866-68;  Surgeon,  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company, 
San  Francisco  to  Yokohama,  1867-71.  In  practice  in 
Yokohama,  Japan,  1871-73.  Born  in  Princess  Anne, 
Md.,  1843;  died  in  Yokohama,  Japan,  November  3, 
1873;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia,  pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 


1 88  Aji  AccoiDit  of  BcUcviic  Hospital. 

DowD,  Pascal  Monroe,   .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1878,  II. 

A.  B.,  Amherst,  1872;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,  1877;  City  Physician,  Oswego,  N.  Y., 
1879-91  ;  Health  Officer,  1889-91  ;  Visiting  Physician, 
Oswego  Hospital,  since  1883. 

General  Medicine:  Oswego,  N.  Y. 


Downs, t  ROSCIUS  Y 2d  Surgical  Division,  iSSj,  II. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.     M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1886. 
General  Medicine:    194  Main  street,  Ansonia,  Conn. 


Draper,*  Henry, 2d  Medical  Division,  i860,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1858; 
in  Europe,  1859;  Professor  of  Natural  Science,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  Academical  De- 
partment, 1860-82;  Adjunct  Professor  of  Physiology, 
Medical  Department,  1866-67;  Professor,  1867-73; 
Professor  of  Physiology  and  Analytical  Chemistry, 
Academical  Department,  1871-82;  In  1857  Draper, 
while  engaged  in  microscopic  photography,  discovered 
the  great  advantage  in  the  use  of  palladium  proto- 
chloride  to  darken  collodion  negatives.  In  1861  he  con- 
structed a  reflecting  telescope  15^  inches  in  diameter, 
and  with  it  obtained  a  photograph  of  the  moon,  the  lar- 
gest ever  made,  50  inches  in  diameter.  In  1864  he  wrote 
a  description  of  his  methods  of  grinding  and  polishing 
mirrors,  and  of  testing  them,  which  was  published  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institute  in  its  "  Contributions  to  Science," 
and  which  is  regarded  as  the  standard  work  on  that 
subject.  He  was  the  first  to  demonstrate  the  superiority 
of  chemically  pure  silver  over  all  known  substances  in 
the  construction  of  the  spectrum ;  this  was  a  result,  in- 
cidentally, of  experiments  in  the  construction  of  his 
great  twenty-eight  inch  equatorial  telescope,  with 
which  he  subsequently  photographed  the  spectra  of 
the  stars,  and  the  mounting  and  silvered  spectrum  of 
which  he  made  with  his  own  hands  (1872).  Professor 
Barnard  spoke  of  these  experiments  as  "probably  the 
most  difficult  and  costly  ever  made  in  celestial  chem- 
istry." Draper  with  this  instrument  obtained  a  photo- 
graph of  the  fixed  lines  in  the  spectra  of  the  stars. 


Internes.  1 89 

This  was  prior  to  the  discovery  of  the  gelatine-bromide 
dry  process  in  photography.  He  also  obtained  (1872) 
a  photograph  of  the  diffraction  spectrum  which  has 
never  been  excelled.  It  comprised  the  region  from  be- 
low G,  wave-length  4350,  to  O,  wave-length  3440,  on 
one  plate.  This  photograph  of  Draper's  was  used  by 
Secchi  in  his  work  on  the  sun,  and  it  was  reproduced 
and  indorsed  by  the  British  Association  as  the  best  that 
had  ever  been  taken.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  super- 
intendent of  the  photographic  department  of  the  Com- 
mission sent  out  by  the  United  States  to  observe  the 
transit  of  Venus.  His  work  on  this  Commission  was 
so  successful  that  Congress  gave  him  a  special  gold 
medal  bearing  the  legend,  Decori  decus  addit  avito. 
Draper's  most  remarkable  achievement  was  perhaps  the 
discovery  of  oxygen  in  the  sun  (1877).  Author  of  "  A 
Text-Book  of  Chemistry"  and  "On  the  Construction 
of  a  Silvered-glass  Telescope,"  also  many  minor  arti- 
cles. Born  in  Prince  Edward  County,  Va.,  March  7, 
1837;  died  in  New-York  City,  November  20,  1882; 
cause,  pleuro-pneumonia.  Brother  of  John  C.  Draper 
(1857,  11). 

Draper,*  John  Christopher,  3d  Medical  Division,  1857,  II. 

At  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  Academical 
Department,  1851-54;  M.  D.,  1857;  LL.  D.,  Trinity, 
1873.  In  Europe,  1857-58  ;  Professor  of  Theoretical 
Chemistry,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1858- 
1871  ;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Cooper  Institute,  1860- 
1863;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Volunteers  at  the  surrender  of 
Harper's  Ferry ;  Professorof  Natural  History,  College  of 
the  City  of  New-York,  1863-85;  Professor  of  Chem- 
istry, University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  Medical  De- 
partment, 1866-85.  Author  of  "Text-Book  of  Anat- 
omy, Physiology,  and  Hygiene,"  1866;  Editor  "  Scrib- 
ner's  Year-Book  of  Nature  and  Science,"  1872,  "Note- 
Book  of  Nature  and  Science,"  1873,  and  the  department 
of  "Nature  and  Science"  in  "  Scribner's  Monthly," 
1872-76 ;  "  Practical  Laboratory  Course  in  Chemistry," 
1882;  "A  Text-Book  of  Medical  Physics,"  1885  ;  also 
various  scientific  articles  in  the  journals.  Born  in  Vir- 
ginia, March  31,  1835  ;  died  in  New-York  City,  Decem- 
ber 20,  1885  ;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia.  Brother 
of  Henry  Draper  (i860,  1). 


I  go  .-/;/  Accou?it  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Draper,  WILLIA^[  Henry,    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1856,  I. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1851  ;  A.  M.,  1854;  M.  D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1855  ;  X'isiting  Physician, 
New-York  Hospital,  1862-89;  Roosevelt  Hospital  since 
1872;  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  1859-68;  Consulting  Phy- 
sician to  latter  since  1S68;  Presbyterian  Hospital  since 
1880;  New-York  Hospital  since  1889.  Author  of  vari- 
ous articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine:  19  East  47th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Dunham,  Theodore,  .    .    .   4th  Surgical  Division,   1890,  I. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1885;  M.  D.,  1888;  attended  courses 
in  Europe,  1890-91. 

General  Medicine:  347  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York  City. 

Dunn,  Thomas  Joseph,    .    .   2d  Medical  Division,  1889,  II. 

A.  B.,  St.  John's  College,  Fordham,  N.  Y.,  1884; 
M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1888. 

General  Medicine:  2735  Webster  Avenue,  New-York 
City. 

Dunning,*  William  BuRR,t  ist  Surgical  Divisioji,  iSj-^,  J. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.  A.  B.,  Yale,  1863  ; 
M.  D.,  Columbia,  1871  ;  School-teacher,  Peekskill, 
N.  Y.,  1863  ;  Associate-Editor,  Detroit  (Mich.)  "  Daily 
Advertiser,"  1863-64;  in  mercantile  business  in  \\'\\- 
liamsport,  Penn.,  1864-66;  teacher  in  Norristown, 
Penn.,  1866-67;  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.,  1867-68;  Yale 
School  for  Boys,  1868-71  ;  in  practice  in  Peekskill, 
N.  Y.,  1872-77  ;  in  the  practice  of  homeopathy  in 
Hartford,  Conn.,  1877.  Died  in  the  State  of  New  Jer- 
sey, about  1 888  ;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis  (?). 

Early,  Maurice  Barinc;,  .  3d  Medical  Division,   1873,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1869; 
House  Surgeon,  99th  street  Reception  Hospital,  New- 
York  City,  1873  ;  at  Park  Reception  Hospital,  1873-74; 
Deputy  Coroner,  1874;  District  Physician,  Department 
of  Public  Charities  and  Correction,   1875;  Attending 


Internes.  1 9 1 

Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Skin, 
1875-76;  New-York  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Heart 
and  Lungs,  1875-76;  Northwestern  Dispensary,  Dis- 
eases of  Women,  1877;  Assistant  Sanitary  Inspector, 
New-York  City  Health  Department,  1878-80. 

General  Medicine :  84  Macdougal  street,  New-York 
City. 

ECHEVERRIA,  Martin  John,  1st  Medical  Division,    1892,    I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1889. 

Address:    102  West  74th  street.  New- York  City. 

Edgar,  James  Clifton,  .    .  2d  Medical  Division,   1887,  I- 

Ph.  B.,  Lafayette,  1882;  A.  B.,  1883;  A.  M.,  1885; 
M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1885  ;  In- 
terne Royal  Frauenklinik,  Munich,  1888;  Assistant 
Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  since  1887  ;  Instructor  in 
Pathology,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1887- 
1888;  Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  1888-89;  Adjunct  Pro- 
fessor since  1889;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Women,  since  1887 ; 
Visiting  Physician,  Midwifery  Dispensary,  since  1890; 
Editor  of  Winckel's  "  Text-Book  of  Midwifery,"  1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Obstetrics:  115  East  35th 
street,  New- York  City. 

EdgERTON,  Francis  D.,  .    .    3d  Medical  Division,    1866,  I. 

A.  B.,  Wesleyan,  1861  ;  A.  M.,  1864;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Vermont,  1863;  Columbia,  1864;  Visiting 
Physician,  Connecticut  Industrial  School  for  Girls,  since 
1870;  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Middlesex  County 
(Conn.)  Medical  Society,  1873-77;  President,  1890; 
Treasurer,  Connecticut  State  Medical  Society,  1876-82  ; 
Vice-President,  ex  officio,  1890;  Post-surgeon,  State  of 
Connecticut,  Middletown,  since  1878  ;  Member  of  Con- 
necticut State  Pharmacy  Commission,  1886-89;  Secre- 
tary, 1886-88;  President,  1888-89.  Author  of  the 
"Annual  Address  to  the  Graduating  Class,"  Yale  Med- 
ical School,  1878,  by  appointment  of  Connecticut  State 
Medical  Society. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  26  Washington 
street,  Middletown,  Conn. 


192  An  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

Edmister,  F'REDERICK,    .        3d  Surgical  Division,  1884,  II. 

M.  I).,  Bellevue,  1883;  Examining  Surgeon,  U.  S. 
Pension  Bureau,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  Secretary  of  the 
Board,  1891. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  319  Ninth  street, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Edwards,*  George  Wilkinson, 

4th  Medical  Division,  1862,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1862; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-65,  at  David's 
Island,  New-York  Harbor ;  Surgeon  to  the  Freedman's 
Bureau,  1865-69;  Surgeon-in-chief  for  the  State  of 
Florida,  1869;  in  practice  in  Granby,  Conn.,  1869-84. 
Born  in  New- York  City,  October  12,  1836;  died  in 
Granby,  Conn.,  October  6,  1884;  cause,  chronic 
nephritis. 

Eliot,  Ellsworth,      ...  2d  Surgical  Division,   1853,   I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1849;  A.  iM.,  1852;  \L  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1852;  Attending  Physician, 
Northern  Dispensary,  New-York  City,  Diseases  of  Head 
and  Abdomen,  1854-58;  Northeastern  Dispensary,  Dis- 
eases of  Head  and  Abdomen,  1862-63  ;  Consulting  Phy- 
sician since  1888  ;  President,  Medical  Society  County 
of  New- York,  1872-73;  Vice-President,  Medical  So- 
ciety State  of  New-York,  1875 ;  Trustee,  Columbia 
(Medical  Department),  since  1867;  Register,  1868-85; 
Vice-President,  Society  for  the  Relief  of  Widows  and 
Orphans  of  Medical  Men,  since  1889 ;  New-York  Gene- 
alogical and  Biographical  Society  since  1878. 

General  Medicine:  48  West  36th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Elliot,*  Frederick, Medical  Division,  1852,  II. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  185 1  ;  in 
practice  in  New-York  City,  1853-61  ;  Surgeon,  ist  Regi- 
ment, Lincoln  (New-York)  Cavalry,  1861  ;  Surgeon- 
in-chief  of  brigade  and  division,  Acting  Staff-Surgeon, 
Medical  Inspector  of  Cavalry,  Middle  Military  Division, 
and  Middle  Division  of  the  Gulf;  Acting  Medical  Di- 
rector of  Cavalry,  Middle  Division  of  the  Gulf,  1861-65  ; 


Internes.  193 

in  practice  in  New-York  City,  1865-84.  Born  in  Chi- 
chester, Eng.,  November  15,  1828  ;  died  in  Nyack,  N. 
Y.,  December  17,  1884  ;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Elliott,  William  Henry,  .  3d  Medical  Division,   i860,  I. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1857;  M.  D.,  University  of  Virginia, 
1858;  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1859;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1862-65  !  Inspector,  Na- 
tional Board  of  Health,  1879-82;  Surgeon,  Ocean 
Steamship  Co.,  1884;  Chief  Surgeon,  Georgia  Central 
R.  R.,  since  1889. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  92  Gwinnett  street. 
Savannah,  Ga. 

ELSlNG,t  Henry  C,  .    .    .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  i8pi,  II. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Princeton, 
1886;  A.  M.,  1890;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of 
New-York,  1890;  Boudinot  Fellow  in  Modern  Lan- 
guages, Princeton,  1886 ;  Interne,  Harlem  Hospital, 
New-York  City,  1890-92. 

Address:  care  of  Rev.  William  T.  Elsing,  DeWitt 
Memorial  Church,  280  Rivington  street,  New-York 
City. 

Ely,  John  Slade, ist  Medical  Division,    1887,   I. 

Ph.  B.,  Yale,  1881  ;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1886;  Post- 
graduate student  and  Assistant  in  Physics,  Yale, 
1881-82;  at  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1882-83  ;  Uni- 
versity of  Berlin,  1883;  Hygienic  Institute,  Berlin, 
1887;  University  of  Heidelberg,  1887-88;  Ecole  de 
Medicine,  Paris,  1888;  Senckenberg  Institute,  Frank- 
fort, 1888;  Assistant  in  Pathology,  Columbia,  since 
1888  ;  Assistant  Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  since  1888  ; 
Assistant  Physician,  Roosevelt  Hospital  Dispensary, 
since  1888;  Lecturer  on  Histology  and  Pathological 
Anatomy,  Woman's  Medical  College  of  the  New-York 
Infirmary,  since  1890.  Author  of  "Influence  of  Pep- 
tones and  Certain  Inorganic  Salts  on  the  Diastasic 
Action  of  Saliva,"  R.  H.  Chittenden  &  E.,  Amer. 
Chem.  Jour.,  Vol.  IV.,  No.  2,  1882  ;  "  On  the  Alkahnity 
and  Diastasic  Action  of  Human  Saliva,"  R.  H.  C.  &  E., 
idem,  No.  5  ;  "On  the  Effect  of  Variations  of  Arterial 
Pressure  on  the  Duration  of  the  Systole  and  Diastole  of 


194  ^^^^  Account  of  Bellcvuc  Hospital. 

the  Heart-beat,"  W.  H.  Howell  &  E.  ;  "  Studies  from 
the  Biological  Laboratory  of  Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity," 1883  ;  "  A  Study  of  Metastatic  Carcinoma  of  the 
Stomach,  etc.,"  Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc.,Jan.,  1890;  Re- 
views of  books,  etc.,  on  pathological  subjects  in  Amer. 
Jour.  Med.  Sc.  and  Med.  News  (Phila.),  since  1889. 

General  Medicine  and  Pathology  :  147  West  73d 
street,  New- York  City. 

Enders,  Thomas  Burnham,   4th  Surgical  Division,  1893,  I. 

A.  B.  Yale,  1888;   M.  D.,  Columbia,  1891. 
Address:   Highland  street,  Hartford,  Conn. 

ExGS,*  Georgp:, 3d  Medical  Division,  1864,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  i860;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1863;  Physi- 
cian in  charge  of  Fever  Hospital,  Blackwell's  Island, 
New-York  City,  1865-66;  at  Vienna  General  Hospi- 
tal, 1867-68;  University  of  Prague,  1868;  Vienna, 
1868-69;  in  practice  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  1869-87; 
Visiting  Physician,  Newport  Hospital.  Died  suddenly 
in  Newport,  R.  I.,  July  7,  1887,  aged  forty-five  years; 
cause,  cardiac  failure. 

Eno,  Henry  Clay,     ....  4th  Medical  Division,  1865,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  i860;  A.  M.,  1863;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1864;  Visiting  Ophthalmologist,  Charity  Hospital, 
New-York,  1870-72  ;  also  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospi- 
tal, and  New-York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary.  Resigned. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City; 
Saugatuck,  Conn. 

Retired:  11 1  Broadway,  New-York  City;  residence, 
Saugatuck,  Conn. 

Ensign,*  William  H.,    .    .    4th  Medical  Division,   1863,  I. 

B.  S.,  University  of  Vermont,  1854;  M.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1862;  Acting  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-72,  serving  in  the  Harwood, 
Cliffljurn,  Lincoln,  and  Emory  Hospitals,  East  Capital 
Barracks,  Alaska,  and  Arizona ;  in  practice  in  New- 
York  City,  1872-84;  Surgeon,  New-York  City  Police 
Department,  1873-84.  Born  in  Middletown,  Conn.  ; 
died  in  New-York  City,  October  26,  1884;  cause,  cardiac 
disease. 


Internes.  195 

Erdmann,  John  F.,    .    .    .     3d  Surgical  Division,  1888,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1887;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Dispensary,  since  1889;  Medical  Examiner, 
Commercial  Union  Life  Insurance  Co.,  1889-90;  Pro- 
sector to  the  Chair  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  College,  since  1888;  Assistant  Demonstrator 
since  1892  ;  Surgeon,  American  Employers'  Liability 
Insurance  Company,  since  1890.  Author  of  "  Trephin- 
ing for  Depressed  Fracture  of  the  Skull,"  Cinn.  Lane.  & 
Clin.,  1887;  "  Case  of  Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis,  with 
Remarkable  Diminution  in  the  Number  of  Respira- 
tions," N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  Jan.  25,   1890. 

General  Surgery:  141  West  34th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Everett,*  Darwin,  ....   2d  Medical  Division,  1865,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1864;  in  practice  in  Middletown, 
N.  Y.,  1865-84.  Died  in  Middletown,  N.  Y.,  Septem- 
ber 18,  1884;  cause,  sciatic  neuritis. 

Everts,*  Franklin,    .    .    .    ist  Surgical  Division,   1854,  I. 

Graduated  at  Mexico  (N.  Y.)  Academy;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1853;  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1853;  in  practice  in  New- 
York  City,  1854;  Surgeon,  S.  S.  Atlantic,  Collins 
Line,  1854-55  ;  at  Paris  medical  schools,  1855  ;  Rotunda 
Lying-in  Hospital  and  St.  Mark's  Ophthalmic  Hospital, 
Dublin,  1855  ;  in  practice  in  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  1855-60; 
Surgeon,  ist  Regiment,  New-York  Artillery,  1861-62, 
in  the  Peninsular  campaign  and  at  the  battle  of  Fair 
Oaks;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at  Central  Park 
General  Hospital,  New-York  City,  1862-63.  Born  in 
Mexico,  N.  Y.,  February  24,  1828;  died  there,  Febru- 
ary 12,  1864;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Fabricius,  Julius  Robert,  ..  3d  Surgical  Division,  1893,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1892. 

Address:   23  West  nth  street,  New-York  City. 

Fairchild,*  Richard  Van  Wyck, 

Medical  Division,  1850,  I.  &  II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1839;  M.  D.,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1843;  in  practice  in  Newark,  N.  J., 


196  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

1845;  in  Parsippany,  N.  J.,  1864-74.  Born  in  Parsip- 
pany,  N.  J.,  February  24,  1819;  died  there,  suddenly, 
February  24,  1874;  cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Farreix,   Edward,  ....  2d  Surgical  Division,    1866,   I. 

A.  B.,  St.  Mary's  College,  Halifax,  N.  S.,  1859; 
M.  D.,  Columbia,  1864;  Coroner  County  of  Halifax, 
1867-78;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Halifax  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1869-73;  Professor  of  .Surgery,  1873-91;  Sur- 
geon, Provincial  and  City  Hospital,  since  1869;  Member 
of  Local  Government  of  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia, 
1876-78  ;  Member  of  the  Provincial  Medical  Board  for 
the  Regulation  of  the  Medical  Curriculum  of  the  Prov- 
inces and  Registration  of  Practitioners  of  Medicine, 
since  1872. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  48  Morris  street, 
Halifax,  N.  S. 

Farrixgton,  Edward  Sherman, 

4th  Medical  Division,  1894, 1. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1888;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1892.  Brother 
of  William  H.  Farrington  (1874,  I). 

Address:  29  West  65th  street,  New-York  City. 

Farrington,  John  M.,    .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1858,  II. 

M.  D.,  New- York  Medical  College,  1857;  Attending 
Physician,  Northwestern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Head 
and  Abdomen,  1858;  Surgeon,  137th  Regiment,  N.  Y. 
Volunteers,  1862.  Author  of  "  Clinical  Records," 
Amer.  Med.  Month.,  Feb.,  1858;  "  Report  of  a  Case 
of  Strangulated  Hernia,"  idem,  March,  1858  ;  "  Report 
of  a  Case  of  Castration  for  Tubercular  Disease  of  the 
Testicles,"  idem,  April,  1858  ;  "  Report  of  Cases  Occur- 
ring in  Bellevue  Hospital,"  idetn,  Aug.,  1858,  and  Jan. 
1859;  "  Report  of  Cases  of  Diseases  of  Bone,"  idem, 
Oct.,  1859  ;  "  Chloroform:  Its  More  General  Use  Ad- 
vocated and  Defended,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1887;  "The 
Shady  and  the  Sunny  Side  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine," 
N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1888;  "The  Use  of  Alcohol  in  Medi- 
cine,"; iV^/;/,  1889.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospi- 
tal, New-York  City,  Trumansburg,  N.  Y.,  and  Bing- 
hamton,  N.  Y. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  1 1  Jay  street,  Bing- 
hamton,  N.  Y. 


Internes.  197 

Farrington,  William  Howard, 

2d  Medical  Division,  1874,  I. 
At  Brown,  1866-68;  Yale,   1868-69;   M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1872.    Brother  of  Edward  S.  Farrington  (1894,  I). 
General  Medicine  :   Astor  House,  New-York  City. 

Ferguson,  James  Francis,  .    .    .    Surgical  Division,  1861. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  i86i; 
Bellevue,  1862;  Assistant  Surgeon,  82d  Regiment,  N. 
Y.  Volunteers,  1861-62;  Surgeon,  165th  Regiment, 
1862-64;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dis- 
pensary, 1870-71  ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  City  (late  Char- 
ity) Hospital,  since  1872;  Visiting  Physician,  Hospital 
for  Nervous  Diseases,  since  1886.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City  and  Falkirk,  Cen- 
tral Valley,  N.  Y. 

Surgery  and  Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases :  Falkirk, 
Central  Valley,  N.  Y.  (permanent),  and  168  Lexing- 
ton Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Fergusson,*  William  C,  .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1861,  I. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1856-57;  M.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1859.  Died  in  hospital  in 
Richmond,  Va.,  January  23,  1865  ;  cause,  fever  (?). 

FERMERt  (or  FERMA),  JOSE  DE,§ 1864,  IL 

Probably  resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.     M.  D. 

Fernandez,*  Luis, 2d  Medical  Division,  1861,  I. 

A.  B.,  New-York  Free  Academy,  1855;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1859.  Reported  to 
have  died  in  Santiago  de  Cuba  about  twenty  years  ago ; 
cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Field,  Matthew  Dickinson,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1880,  I. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1875;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1879;  As- 
sistant Inspector,  New- York  City  Health  Department, 
1882;  Visiting  Physician,  Charity  Hospital,  1882-84; 
Examiner  in  Lunacy,  Department  of  Public  Charities 
and  Correction,  since  1882;  Surgeon,  Manhattan 
Elevated  R.  R.,  since  1883;  Lecturer  on  Mental  Dis- 
eases, New-York  Polyclinic,  since  1889. 

General  Medicine:  115  East  40th  street,  New-York 
City. 


198  A  71  AccojDit  of  Bellevue  Hospital. 

FiGUEIRA,   Mathias,    ....  2d  Surgical  Division,  1874,  I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Coimbra,  Portugal,  1862;  M. 
D.,  Columbia,  1872;  Consulting  Physician,  Little  Sis- 
ters of  the  Poor,  since  1882  ;  Visiting  Physician,  House 
of  Good  Shepherd,  since  1884;  St.  Catherine's  Hospi- 
tal, Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  since  1887. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  12  Stuyvesant  Ave- 
nue, Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Fisher,*  Lewis ist  Medical  Division,  1862,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1861  ; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-64;  at 
Chester  Army  Hospital,  1863-64;  in  practice  in  Wil- 
mington, Del.,  Morristown,  N.  J.,  and  New-York  City, 
1864-87.  Born  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  1839;  died  in  Jack- 
sonville, Fla.,  March  i,  1887;  cause,  pulmonary  tuber- 
culosis, diabetes  mellitus. 

Fisher,  William  Redwood,  ist  Medical  Division,  1867,  II. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1863;  A.  M.,  1866;  M.  D.,  1867; 
Interne,  in  Blackwell's  Island  Hospitals,  1867-68;  Ex- 
amining Physician,  Department  of  Public  Charities  and 
Correction,  1868-69;  Resident  Physician,  Ward's  Isl- 
and Inebriate  Asylum,  1869-70;  Visiting  Physician 
and  Surgeon,  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  Hoboken,  N.  J., 
since  1881.  Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  jour- 
nals. Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York 
City,  1868-74;  and  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  since  1874. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  711  Washington 
street,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Fleming,  Martin  J. ist  Medical  Division,  1874,  I. 

A.  B.,  St.  John's  College,  Fordham,  N.  Y.,  1868; 
A.  M.,  1869;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1872  ;  Assistant 
Sanitary  Inspector,  New-York  City  Health  Department, 

1874-78- 

General  Medicine:  132  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York  City. 

Flint,  Austin,  Jr., 3d  Medical  Division,  1890,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1889;  \'isiting  Physician,  Mid- 
wifery Dispensary,  New-York  City,  since  1891  ;  As- 
sistant Visiting   Physician,    Bellevue   and   Emergency 


Internes.  199 

Hospitals,  since  1891  ;  Assistant  to  Chair  of  Obstetrics 
and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Bellevue  Hospi- 
tal Medical  College,  since  1892;  son  of  Austin  Flint, 
2d  (Visiting  Physician,  1889),  and  grandson  of  Austin 
Flint  (1861-86). 

Address:  252  Madison  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Flint,  William  Hasty,  .    .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1879,  I. 

A.  B.,  Cornell,  1874;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1877;  Visit- 
ing Physician,  Workhouse  and  Almshouse  Hospitals, 
1880-82 ;  Visiting  Physician,  Presbyterian  Hospital, 
since  1885  ;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1879-88. 
Author  of  the  following  articles  in  "Wood's  Reference 
Handbook  of  the  Medical  Sciences,"  1886 :  "Abdominal 
Tumors,"  Vol.  I.,  p.  15;  "Aneurism,  Abdominal," 
Vol.  I.,  p.  217;  "Dentition,  Disorders  of,"  Vol.  II.,  p. 
398;  "Haematemesis,"  Vol.  III.,  p.  447;  "  Haemop- 
tysis," Vol.  III.,  p.  463;  "Perinephritis,"  Vol.  V., 
p.  583;  "Spleen,  Diseases  of,"  Vol.  VI.,  p.  599; 
"  Stomach,  Organic  Diseases  of,"  Vol.  VI.,  p.  632  ; 
"Clinical  Report  on  Sulphonal,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour., 
Dec.  IS,  1888;  "Creosote  in  Phthisis,"  N.  Y.  Med. 
Jour.,  July  26,  1890,  etc.,  etc. 

General  Medicine :  37  East  33d  street,  New-York 
City. 

Flores,  Juan  J., 3d  Medical  Division,  1868,  II. 

A.  M.,  University  of  St.  Tomas  de  Costa  Rica,  1863 
M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1867 
Proto-Medico  of  the  Faculty,  St.  Tomas,  1869-70 
Governor  of  Heredia,  C.  A.,  1884-89.  Author  of  vari- 
ous medical  and  political  articles.  Address  after  leav- 
ing the  hospital,  Heredia  de  Costa  Rica,  C.  A.  In 
the  Revolution  of  May,  1891,  was  arrested,  imprisoned, 
and  finally  released  on  condition  that  he  leave  the 
country.     Cousin  of  Manuel  J.     Flores  (1880,  I). 

Flores,  Manuel  Jesus,    .    .   4th  Medical  Division,  1880,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1878. 
Cousin  of  Juan  J.  Flores  (1868,  II). 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  Heredia  de  Costa 
Rica,  C.  A. 


200  Afi  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

Fluhrer,  William  F.,    ...  3d  Surgical  Division,  1873,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevuc,  1870;  Resident  Physician  and  Sur- 
geon, Park  Reception  Hospital,  New-York  City,  1873; 
Supervising  Physician  and  Surgeon,  Park  and  99th 
Street  Reception  Hospitals,  1874;  Visiting  Surgeon, 
Mt.  Sinai  Hospital,  since  1879;  Bellevue  Hospital 
since    1882. 

(General  Surgery :  479  Fifth  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Form  AX,  D.  McLean,   ...    2d  Surgical  Division,  1867.  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1866;  House  Physician,  Charity 
Hospital,  New-York,  1867  (resigned);  House  Surgeon, 
St.  Luke's  Hospital,  1867-68. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  Freehold,  N.  J. 

FoRMAN,  Samuel  Randolph,  2d  Medical  Division,  1858,  II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1854;  A.  ^L,  1857;  M.  D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1857;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  N.,  1861-64;  Visiting  Physician,  St. 
Francis's  Hospital,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.  ;  Visiting  Sur- 
geon, Hudson  County  (N.  J.)  Church  Hospital  and 
Home  (now  Christ  Hospital),  Jersey  City;  Visiting 
Physician,  City  Hospital  of  Jersey  City.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  Hoboken,  and  Jersey  City, 
N.J. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  319  Bergen  Avenue, 
Jersey  City  Heights,  N.  J. 

Forrest,  Molton  Hooks,   .  ist  Medical  Division,  1873,  II. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1868;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1872.  Resi- 
dence since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City, 
1873-74;  Florence,  Italy,  1874-81;  and  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  since  1881. 

Retired:  4029  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

Fountain,  *  Ezra  B.,t  ....  Surgical  Divisiou,  iSji,  II. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Princeton, 
1847;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1851  ;  Surgeon,  Panama  R.  R.,  1851-54;  in  practice  in 
Davenport,  la.,  1854-61.  Fountain  had  for  some  time 
prior  to  his  death  advocated  the  use  of  potassium  chlo- 
rate as  a  cure  for  pulmonary  phthisis,  and  he  read  a 


Internes.  201 

paper  on  the  subject  before  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  i860.  It  is  pre- 
sumed that  he  experimented  on  himself,  using  gradually 
increased  doses  of  the  drug;  for,  on  March  25,  1861,  he 
took  one  ounce  of  the  drug,  which  caused  his  death  in 
two  days.  The  case  is  noted  in  Bartholow's  "  Materia 
Medica  and  Therapeutics,"  4th  ed.,  p.  180;  with  the 
statement,  however,  that  death  occurred  on  the  seventh 
day.  Born  in  Westchester  County,  N.  Y.,  March  20, 
1828;  died  in  Davenport,  la.,  March  27,  1861  ;  cause, 
accidental  poisoning. 

Frankenberg,!:  Jacob  Henry, 

ist  Medical  Division,  iSS/j.,  II. 

Left  the  hospital  while  House  Physician,  B.  S. ,  Col- 
lege of  the  City  of  New-York,  1880  (?) ;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1883. 

General  Medicine:  142  East  74th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Franklin,  David,    ....   4th  Medical  Division,  1879,  II. 

At  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1869-72;  M. 
D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1878;  Attend- 
ing Surgeon,  Mt.  Sinai  Hospital  Dispensary,  1883-90; 
Attending  Physician  and  Surgeon,  Harlem  Dispen- 
sary, 1884-88;  Curator,  Infants'  Hospital,  Randall's 
Island,  N.  Y.,  1885;  Visiting  Physician,  Hebrew 
Orphan  Asylum,  since  1883.  Residence  since  leaving 
the  hospital,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  1879-80;  and  New- 
York  City  since  1880. 

General  Medicine:  17  East  129th  street.  New- York 
City. 

FREEMAN,t  Rowland  Godfrey, 

1st  Medical  Division,  i88y,  II. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Columbia, 
1883;  M.  D.,  1886.  At  Hygienic  Institute,  Berlin, 
1887  ;  Universities  of  Berlin,  Vienna,  and  Paris,  1887  ; 
Assistant  Physician,  Roosevelt  Hospital  Dispensary, 
since  1889;  Curator,  New-York  Cancer  Hospital,  since 
1890;  Pathologist,  Transfiguration  Clinic,  since  1890. 
Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  :  147  West  57th  street,  New-York 
City. 


202  An  Account  of  Bcllcvnc  Hospital. 

French,  John  Herndon,    .  4th  Medical  Division,  1885,  II. 

A.  B.,  Virginia  Military  Institute,  1880;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1882  ;  at  General 
Hospital,  Vienna,  1889. 

General  Medicine:  43  West  51st  street,  New-York 
City. 

French,*  Willis  Walton,  .  4th  Surgical  Division,  1885,  I. 

A.  B.,  Bowdoin,  1878;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1883;  in 
practice  in  Greeley,  Col.,  1885-86;  New-York  City, 
1886-88;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dis- 
pensary, 1886-88;  Sanitary  Inspector,  New-York  City 
Health  Department,  Summer  Corps,  i888.  Born  in 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  April  27,  1857;  died  in  New-York 
City,  March  11,  1888;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 

Frothingham,*  WiLLLVM.    \    3^  Medical  Division,  1 855.  f- 

)     1st  burgical  Division,  1856,  1. 

A.  B.,  Union,  185 1;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1854;  in  Paris,  1855;  in  practice  in 
New- York  City,  1856-61,  and  1865-85;  Surgeon,  44th 
Regiment,  New-York  Volunteers,  1861 ;  Visiting  Physi- 
cian, New-York  Juvenile  Asylum,  New-York  Institution 
for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  Colored  Orphan  Asylum. 
Born  in  Johnstown,  N.  Y.,  1830;  died  suddenly  in 
New- York  City,  November  19,  1885  ;  cause,  premature 
explosion  of  a  revolver. 

Fruitnight,*  William,  ...  2d  Medical  Division,  1883,  I. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1878;  M. 
D.,  Bellevue,  1880;  Clinical  Assistant  New-York  Poly- 
clinic, Diseases  of  the  Throat,  1881-82;  Diseases  of 
Women,  1881-84.  Author  of  "A  Case  of  Post- 
partum Hemorrhage,"  Amer.  Jour.  Obstet.,  1884; 
"Spontaneous,  Immediate  Repair  of  Completely  La- 
cerated Perineum,"  idem,  1884;  "Puerperal  Septi- 
casmia,"  idem,  1884.  Born  in  New-York  City,  April 
20,  1858;  died  in  New-York  City,  July  20,  1884; 
cause,  cerebral  thrombosis. 

Fuller,*  Eraser  Chisholm,  2d  Surgical  Division,  1883,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1882  ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  City  (late 
Charity)  Hospital,  New-York  City,  1890-92.      Born  in 


Intei'nes.  203 

Boston,  Mass.,  in  i860;  died  in  New-York  City,  July 
18,  1892;  cause,  fracture  of  the  leg,  pneumonia. 

Galt,*  James  Dickie,  ....  3d  Medical  Division,  1856,  I. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1850-52;  M.  D.,  1853; 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  1854;  Health  Officer  and 
Physician  to  the  Almshouse,  Norfolk,  Va.,  1878-86; 
City  Coroner,  1880-84;  Quarantine  Officer,  Elizabeth 
River  District,  1882-86.  Died  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  Sep- 
tember 14,  1888;  cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Gamble,*  George,    ....    2d  Medical  Division,  1866,  II. 

A.  B.,  Kenyon  College,  1861  ;  A.  M.,  later;  M.  D., 
Bellevue,  1864;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
at  Madison,  Ind.,  General  Hospital,  1864;  at  hospitals 
in  Dublin,  Edinburgh,  London,  and  Berlin,  1866-68; 
traveling  in  Italy  and  France,  1868.  Born  in  Cincin- 
nati, O.,  August  20,  1838;  died  suddenly  in  a  railway 
carriage  at  Folkestone,  Eng.,  May  26,  1868;  cause, 
pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Gardner,  Clarence  Howard, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1886,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1885. 
General  Medicine:    154  North   Main  street,  Provi- 
dence, R.  I. 

Garmany,  Jasper  Jewett,  .  3d  Surgical  Division,  1883,  H- 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1879;  A.  M.,  1882;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1882;  M.  R.  C.  S.,  M.  R.  F.  S.  (Eng.),  1885; 
at  hospitals  in  Paris,  London,  and  Vienna,  1884-86; 
Visiting  Surgeon,  99th  Street  Reception  Hospital, 
New-York  City,  1887-89;  Attending  Surgeon,  Belle- 
vue Hospital  Dispensary,  1886-90.  Author  of  *' Oper- 
ative Surgery  on  the  Cadaver,"  D.  A.  &  Co.,  1887; 
"Reduction  of  Old  Dislocations  by  Arthrotomy," 
N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  Feb.,  1888;  "Trephining  for  In- 
sanity following  Head  Injuries,"  Trans.  Intern.  Med. 
Cong.,  9th  sess.,  1887,  Vol.  I.,  p.  601.  Cousin  of 
George  G.  Larcombe  (1887,  I). 

General  Surgery:  40  W.  40th  street,  New-York  City. 


204  An  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

Garrett,*  Francis  Marion,   3d  Medical  Division.  1853,  I. 

M.  D  ,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1853; 
Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  in  field  service  at  York- 
town  and  Williamsburgh,  1861-62;  Post-Surgeon  and 
Medical  Director,  1862-63;  Surgeon,  30th  Regiment, 
North  Carolina  Volunteers,  and  Brigade  Surgeon, 
Anderson's  North  Carolina  Brigade,  1863-64;  Surgeon, 
Second  North  Carolina  Hospital,  1864-65;  in  mercan- 
tile business,  New-York  City,  1866-68;  in  general 
practice,  Ringwood,  N.  C,  1869-81  ;  owner  of  "All 
Health  Springs"  Sanitarium,  King's  Mountain,  N.  C, 
1881-84;  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  in  the  yellow  fever  epidemic, 
1885.  Residence  after  leaving  the  hospital,  Falkland, 
Tarborough,  and  Enfield, 'N.  C,  1855-60;  New-York 
City,  1866-68;  Ringwood,  N.  C,  1869-81;  King's 
Mountain,  N.  C,  1881-88;  Richland,  Ga.,  1888;  Lit- 
tleton, N.  C,  1891.     Died  in  Littleton,  N.  C,  1892. 

Gentry,^  Watson  Meredith, 

ist  Surgical  Division,  i8j6,  II. 

Left  the  hospital  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B., 
Triune  College,  Tenn.,  1850;  M.  D.,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1855;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65; 
on  the  field,  1861-63  5  i"  charge  of  hospitals,  Montgom- 
ery, Ala.,  1863-65.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospi- 
tal, Shelbyville,  Tenn.,  and  Franklin,  Tenn. 

General  Medicine  :   Franklin,  Tenn. 

Geurnsey,*  Desault,  .    .  Medical  Division,  1850,  II.  &  III. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1850; 
House  Physician,  New- York  Colored  Home  and  Hos- 
pital, 1848;  Assistant  Physician,  Marine  Hospital, 
Quarantine,  Staten  Island,  New-York,  1851-52;  in 
practice  in  Pine  Plains,  N.  Y.,  1852-62;  Surgeon, 
174th  Regiment,  New-York  Volunteers,  1862;  served 
in  the  Banks  Expedition  before  New  Orleans  until  the 
attack  on  Port  Hudson,  when  he  was  disabled  and 
afterward  honorably  discharged  ;  in  practice  in  Amenia, 
N.  Y.,  1863-85  ;  Vice-President,  Medical  Society  of  the 
County  of  Dutchess,  1867-70,  1877-78;  President, 
1879-80.  Born  in  Milan,  N.  Y.,  June  13,  1830;  died 
suddenly  in  Amenia,  N.  Y.,  December  9,  1885  ;  cause, 
rupture  of  an  aneurism  of  the  aorta. 


Internes.  205 

GiBB,  William  Travis,    .    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1887,  II. 

B.  S.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1886;  House  Sur- 
geon, Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Crippled,  New-York 
City,  1887-88;  Instructor  in  Diseases  of  Women,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  since  1889.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  Plainfield,  N.  J.,  and  New- 
York  City. 

General  Medicine:  365  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York  City. 

GiBBS,  John  Blair,    ....     ist  Surgical  Division,  1883,  I. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1878;  M.  D.,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, 1881  ;  Columbia,  1882;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
Roosevelt  Hospital  Dispensary,  since  1886. 

General  Surgery:  28  West  20th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Gibson,  Charles  Dana  (Townsend), 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1869,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1864;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1868;  in  prac- 
tice in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1870-72;  Sandusky,  O., 
1872-79;  in  business  in  New-York  City,  since  1879. 

Fire  Insurance:  31  and  33  Pine  street,  New-York 
City. 

Gibson,  Walter  Campbell,    2d  Medical  Division,  1893,  II. 

At  Hamilton  College,   1886-88;   M.  D.,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1891. 
Address:   Utica,  N.  Y. 

Gillette,  Walter  Robarts, 

2d  Medical  Division,  1863,  II,  &  1864,  I. 

A.  B.,  Madison  University,  1861  ;  A.  M.,  1864;  M. 
D.,  Columbia,  1864;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S. 
A.,  1865;  Adjunct  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1875-80;  Professor  of  Obstet- 
rics, New-York  Polyclinic,  1883-87;  Visiting  Physi- 
cian, Bellevue  Hospital,  1882-93;  Medical  Director, 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.,  since  1874.  Author  of 
"Report  of  Lying-in  Service,  Charity  Hospital,  New- 
York  City,"  1877;   "Narcotic  Effects  of  Morphine  in 


2o6  Ah  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

the  New-born  Child  when  Administered  to  the  Mother 
in  Labor,"  1877;  ''A  New  Operation  for  the  Cure  of 
Kectoccle  and  Cystocclc,"  1877  ;  "A  Case  of  Laparo- 
clytrotomy,"  1880;  "A  Postural  Method  of  Copulation 
for  the  Cure  of  Some  Forms  of  Sterility  in  the  Female," 
1880. 

General  Medicine,  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of 
Women  :  24  West  40th  street,  New-York  City. 

GiRDNER,  John  Harvey,    .    4th  Surgical  Division,  1880,  II. 

A.  B.,  Tusculum  College  (Tenn.),  1886;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1879;  attended 
clinics  in  England,  188 1  ;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1880-81  ; 
Assistant  Physician,  New-York  City  Asylum  for  the  In- 
sane, 1884-86;  Instructor  in  Surgery,  New-York  Post- 
graduate School  and  Hospital,  since  1887.  Author 
of  "Skin-Grafting,"  Med,  Gaz.,  May  29,  1880;  "Two 
Cases  of  Gangrene,  Successfully  Treated  with  Hot 
Water,"  idem,  Sept.  11,  1880;  "Chloroform  Narcosis 
During  Sleep,  Five  Experiments,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec. , 
Apr.  28,  1883;  ditto,  "Eighteen  Experiments,"  idem, 
Oct.  27,  1883  ;  "  Skin-Grafting  with  Grafts  taken  from 
the  Dead  Subject,"  idem,  July  23,  188 1 ;  "  Fracture  of 
the  Radius  in  the  Cadaver  Experiments,"  idem,  Feb. 
10,  1881 ;  "The  Telephonic  Bullet  Probe,"  idem,  Feb. 
4,  1888;  "On  the  Detection  and  Location  of  Metallic 
Masses  in  the  Human  Body  by  the  Induction  Balance 
and  the  Telephonic  Probe,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  April  9, 
1887  ;  "Abnormal  Frangibility,  Delayed  and  Non-union 
of  Fractures  of  Long  Bones  in  General  Paresis  of  the 
Insane,"  Ann.  Surg.,  July,  1887. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  31  West  38th  street, 
New-York  City. 

Glass,*  Robert  George,   .   2d  Surgical  Division,  1875,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1873;  in  practice  in  New- York 
City,  1875-77.  Died  May  7,  1877;  cause,  pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

Glisan,  Clarence, 2d  Surgical  Division,  1892,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1887;  M.  D.  Columbia,  1890. 
General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  Portland,  Ore. 


Internes.  207 

GODDARD,*  Charles  E.,    .    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  i860,  I. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1859; 
First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1861-65;  with  Hooker's  Division,  1861 ;  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  1862;  hospitals  in  Washington  and  in  Beau- 
fort, S.  C,  1863-64;  Captain  and  Brevet-Major,  for 
faithful  and  meritorious  services,  1865  ;  Captain  and 
Assistant  Surgeon,  1866-68;  Major  and  Surgeon,  1868. 
Died  in  Fort  Yates,  Dakota  Ter.,  January  4,  1886; 
cause,  apoplexy. 

GOLDTHWAITE,  Henry,  ...  2d  Medical  Division,  1876,  II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  i860;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1876;  As- 
sistant to  the  Chair  of  Physiology,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  College,  1876-79;  Instructor  in  Obstetrics, 
Materia  Medica,  and  Therapeutics,  and  in  Physiology, 
spring  term,  since  1878;  Visiting  Physician,  City  (late 
Charity)  Hospital,  New-York  City,  since  1878 ;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  Woman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of  New-York, 
1878;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispen- 
sary, Diseases  of  Women,  resigned ;  Assistant  Curator, 
Bellevue  Hospital,  resigned. 

General  Medicine  :  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  New-York 
City. 

Gorgas,  William  C.,  .    .    .    .2d  Surgical  Division,  1880,  I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  the  South  (Sewanee,  Tenn.), 
1875;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1879;  First  Lieutenant  and 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1880-85  ;  Captain  and 
Assistant  Surgeon  since  1885. 

Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  ;  care  Sur- 
geon-General's Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Gorton,  William  Arthur,  ist  Medical  Division,  1877,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1876; 
Assistant  Physician,  N.  Y.  State  Asylum  for  Insane 
Criminals,  1878-82;  Assistant  Physician,  Danvers 
(Mass.)  Lunatic  Hospital,  1882-86;  Superintendent 
and  Physician,  1886-89;  Butler  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
Providence,  R.  I.,  since  1889.  Author  of  "A  Case  of 
Monomania,"  Bost.  Med.  &  Surg.  Jour.,  Aug.  7,  1884; 
"Two  Cases  of  Chronic  Alcoholism,"  zViVw,  Mch.  3,  1887. 


2o8  A?i  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Coopcrstown,  N. 
Y.,    1877-78;    Auburn,    N.    Y.,    1878-82;     Danvers, 
Mass.,   1882-89;   and  Providence,  R.  I.,  since  1889. 
Diseases  of  the  Ner\ous  System  :   Providence,  R.  I. 

Gould,  Frederic  Saltonstall, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1879,  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1875  ;  M,  D.,  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,  1878 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  New-York 
Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1881-83;  retired  on  account 
of  ill  health  since  1883.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
hospital,  New-York  City ;   Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 

Address :  Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 

GouLEY,  John  William  Severin, 

1st  Medical  Division,  1854,  I. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1853; 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Vermont  Medical  College, 
1855;  Professor  of  General,  Descriptive,  and  Surgical 
Anatomy,  1856;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1854-57;  Demon- 
strator, 1859-61  ;  Adjunct  Professor,  1864-66;  Professor 
of  Clinical  Surgery  and  Diseases  of  the  Genito-urin- 
ary  Organs,  1867-71,  and  1876-85  ;  Curator,  Wood 
Museum,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1855-59;  Visiting  Sur- 
geon, Bellevue  Hospital,  since  1859;  St.  Vincent's 
Hospital,  1865-68;  Consulting  Surgeon  since  1891  ; 
Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Crippled  since  1888;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861-64;  in  charge  of  Cen- 
tral Park  Hospital,  1863-64.  Author  of  "  Diseases 
of  the  Urinary  Organs,"  1873;  "  Diseases  of  Man,  etc.," 
J.  H.  Vail  &  Co.,  1888;  and  various  articles  in  medical 
journals. 

General  Medicine :  324  Madison  Avenue,  New-York 
City. 

Graham,  Alexander  Campbell, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1870,  I. 

Graduated  at  Hughes'  High  School,  Cincinnati,  O., 
1864;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1869.  Residence  since  leaving 
the  hospital,  New-York  City  ;  Dallas,  Texas. 

General  Medicine :  Dallas,  Texas. 


Internes.  209 

Graham,  John  Alexander,    2d  Surgical  Division,  i860,  I. 

Attended  Washington  College,  Lexington,  Va. ;  M. 
D. ,  University  of  Virginia,  1857;  Jefferson,  1858; 
University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1859;  Surgeon, 
42d  Virginia  Regiment,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-64;  Medical 
Directorof  Artillery,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  1864- 
1865  ;   Surgeon,  Virginia  Military  Institute,  since  1879. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :   Lexington,  Va. 

GRAY,t  William  W.,  ....  3d  Surgical  Division,  i8g2,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.     B.  S.,  Dickinson 
Seminary,  1886;   M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1890. 
Address:  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

Greene,*  Robert  Warren,  .   3d  Medical  Division,  1889,  I. 

A.  B.,  Brown,  1884;  A.  M.,  1888;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1887;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispen- 
sary, Genito-urinary  Diseases,  1889-92;  Clinical  As- 
sistant to  the  Chair  of  the  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Medicine,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1889-92; 
Chair  of  Genito-urinary  Surgery,  1890-92.  Born  in 
Augusta,  Ga.,  April  20,  i860  ;  died  in  New-York  City, 
October  29,  1892;  cause,  pulmonary  embolism  and 
thrombosis. 

Gridley,*  Horatio  Wells,   .    .  Medical  Division,  i8ji,  I. 

Died  while  House  Physician.  A.  B.,  Yale,  1847  ;  A. 
M.,  1850;  M.  D.,  1850.  Born  in  1827;  died  in  Belle- 
vue Hospital,  March,  1851;  cause,  typhus  fever,  con- 
tracted while  on  duty  in  the  hospital. 

Griffith,  Jefferson  Davis,  3d  Surgical  Division,  1873,  11. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1871  ; 
Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Operative  Surgery,  Kansas 
City  Medical  College,  1876-90;  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Surgery  and  Clinical  Surgery,  and  Dean  of  the  Faculty, 
since  1890. 

General  Surgery :  Ninth  street  and  Grand  Avenue, 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Grimke,  Thomas  S.,  .    .    .    .    4th  Medical  Division,  i860,  I. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1859; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65  ;  Acting  Assistant 


2IO  A  71  Account  of  Be  I  lev  it  c  Hospital. 

Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1865;   Health  Officer,  District  No. 
8,  Charleston,  S.  C,  1878-79. 

General  Medicine:  68  Columbus  street,  Charleston, 
S.  C. 

GRINNELL,t  Morton,  .    .    .    .   ?^  Surgical  Division,  1882,  I. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.  A.  B.,  Yale,  1875  ; 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1881;  at  General  Hospital,  \'ienna, 
1882;  Gottingen,  1882;  Assistant  in  Surgery,  New- 
York  Polyclinic,  1883 ;  Attending  Surgeon,  New- 
York  Dispensary,  1883;  Demilt  Dispensary,  1883-89; 
Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  College,  1883-92  ;  Clinical  Assistant  to  the 
Chair  of  Surgery  since  1885  ;  Surgeon,  New-York  City 
Police  Department,  since  1887;  Visiting  Surgeon, 
City  (late  Charity)  Hospital,  since  1890. 

General  Surgery  :  Audubon  Park,  West  157th  street, 
New-York  City. 

GriswoLD,  Frederic  P.,     .     4th  Medical  Division,  1877,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1876;  at  New-York  Polyclinic, 
1884.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Guilford, 
Conn.,  1877-83;  and  Meriden,  Conn.,  since  1884. 

General  Medicine:  481  Broad  street,  Meriden,  Conn. 

GriSWOLD,*  Gaspar,  ....  3d  Medical  Division,  1879,  II. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1876;  A.  M.,  1880;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1879;  M.  R.  C.  S.,  Lond.,  1883;  Attending 
Physician,  New-York  Hospital  Dispensary,  1880-83; 
Clinical  Assistant,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
Diseases  of  the  Mind  and  Nervous  System,  1880-86; 
Instructor  in  the  spring  term,  1884-86;  Demonstrator 
of  Anatomy,  1884-86.  Author  of  "  Intravenous  Injec- 
tion of  Ammonia,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  June,  1879; 
"  Pilocarpine  in  Intermittent  Fever,"  idem,  Aug.,  1879. 
Born  in  New-York  City,  1857  ;  died  in  New-York  City, 
March  4,  1886;  cause,  appendicitis,  perforation,  acute 
general  peritonitis. 

GUTSCH,  Otto  John,  ....  2d  Surgical  Division,  1887,  II. 

A.  B.,  Northwestern  German  Reformed  Seminary 
and  College,  Sheboygan,  Wis.,  1882;  M.  D.,  Colum- 


Internes.  211 

bia,  1886;   Health  Officer  and  City  Physician,  Sheboy- 
gan, since  1889. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  731  Eighth  street, 
Sheboygan,  Wis. 

GWATHMEY,  LOMAX,  ....    4th  Medical  Division,  1892,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1889;  Columbia,  1890. 
General  Medicine :   26  Bute  street,  Norfolk,  Va. 

GWYER,  Fred.  Walker,  .    .     ist  Surgical  Division,  1885,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1883; 
at  General  Hospital,  Hamburg,  and  Das  Charitie,  Ber- 
lin, 1889;  Assistant  Surgeon,  71st  Regiment,  N.  G.  S. 
N.  Y.,  1885-87;  Attending  Surgeon,  University  Dis- 
pensary, 1885-88;  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary  since 
1888;  Assistant  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital, 
1888-91 ;  Visiting  Surgeon  since  1891 ;  Chambers  Street 
Hospital  since  1888;  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  University 
of  the  City  of  New- York,  1885-88;  on  Surgery,  1888- 
1890;  Professor  of  Operative  and  Clinical  Surgery 
since   1890. 

General  Surgery:  332  Lexington  Avenue,  New-York 
City. 

Haase,  Charles   F.  W.,    .    .    4th  Medical  Division,  1858,  L 

At  the  Gymnasium  of  Zittau,  Saxony,  1840-42;  M. 
D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1857;  Assistant 
Attending  Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
Heart  and  Lungs  and  of  Children,  1860-64;  Surgeon, 
5th  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1861-64. 

General  Medicine :  794  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York  City. 

Hadden,  Alexander,  ...   3d  Medical  Division,  i860,  II. 

A.  B.,  Union,  1856;  A.  M.,  1890;  LL.  D.,  Bellevue 
College,  Omaha,  Neb.,  1890;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  1859;  Resident  Physician,  Nursery 
and  Child's  Hospital,  1861-65  '■>  House  Physician, 
Northeastern  Dispensary,  1S62-66;  Attending  Physi- 
cian, General  Medicine,  1866-70;  Visiting  Physician, 
Presbyterian  Hospital,  1872-85.  Author  of  "The 
Treatment  of  Opium  Poisoning,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour., 
i860;  Phys.  Bull.  Med.-Leg.  Soc,  1880;  "Advantages 


212  A /I  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

of  the  Knee  Chest  Position  in  the  Parturient  Woman, 
in  Reducing  the  Prolapsed  Arm  and  Shoulder,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Rec,  1865;  "The  Treatment  of  Sub-acute  and 
Chronic  Gout  by  a  New  Method,"  idem,  1880;  "Rheu- 
matoid Osteo-arthritis,"  Trans.  N.  Y.  State  Med.  Soc, 
1886 ;  "  Dilatation  of  Urethral  Stricture  by  Water  Pres- 
sure," N.  Y.  Med.  Rcc,  July,  1877. 

General  Medicine:  155  East  51st  street,  New- York 
City. 

Hagerty,  John  Francis,  .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1894,  I. 

At  Rutgers  College;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,  1892. 

Address:   New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Hall.*  Theodore  Francis,!  ist  Surgical  Division,  18^6, 1. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Union, 
1850;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
1855;  in  practice  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  1855-62;  Sur- 
geon, 140th  Regiment,  New- York  Volunteers,  1862; 
discharged  on  account  of  ill  health,  1863  ;  in  practice  in 
Rochester,  1863-69.  Born  in  Whitehall,  N.  Y.,  October 
20,  1827;  died  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  March  5,  1869; 
cause,  acute  articular  rheumatism,  pleuritis. 

Halsted,  William  Stewart, 

4th  Surgical  Division,    1878,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1874;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1877;  House 
Physician,  New-York  Hospital,  1878;  Visiting  Phy- 
sician, Charity  Hospital,  1881  ;  Visiting  Surgeon, 
Bellevue  Hospital,  1883-87;  Presbyterian  Hospital, 
1885  ;  Assistant  Visiting  Surgeon,  Roosevelt  Hospital, 
1882-86;  Consulting  Surgeon,  New-York  State  Emi- 
grants' Hospital,  1883-86;  Attending  Surgeon,  Roose- 
velt Hospital  Dispensary,  1882-86;  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  Columbia,  1882-85  ;  Surgeon,  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital,  Baltimore,  Md.,  since  1888;  Associate 
Professor  of  Surgery,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  since 
1888.  Author  of  "  Refusion  in  the  Treatment  of  Car- 
bonic-oxide Poisoning,"  1884;  "Effects  of  Abduction 
and  Adduction  on  the  Length  of  the  Limb  in  Fractures 
of  the  Neck  of  the  Femur,"  1884;  "Circular  Suture  of 
the  Intestines  —  an  Experimental  Study,"  1887.     Resi- 


hiterjies.  2 1 3 

dence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City  and 
Baltimore,  Md. 

General  Surgery:  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Balti- 
more, Md. 

Hamilton,*  William  Abbott, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1878,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1868;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1876;  in  practice 
in  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.,  1878-79;  in  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  1879-81 ;  Attending  Physician,  Free  Dispen- 
sary, Minneapolis,  1881;  Secretary,  Hennepin  County 
(Minn.)  Medical  Society,  1881.  Born  in  Chicago,  111., 
August  3 1,  1847;  died  suddenly  in  Minneapolis,  Minn., 
October  22,  1881  ;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis, 
hemorrhage. 

Hamlen,  George  D.,    .    .    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1892,  II. 

A.  B.,  Wesleyan,  1888;  M.  D.,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1890;  Attending  Physician,  Dis- 
eases of  Children,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  since 
1892. 

General  Medicine :  159  Lexington  Avenue,  New-York 
City. 

Hammond,*  George  Henry,^  2d  Surgical  Division,  1882,  II. 

Died  while  Junior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Wesleyan,  1877; 
M.  D.,  Yale,  1879;  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1880.  Died  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  May  18,  1881,  aged 
twenty-five  years  ;  cause,  purulent  synovitis  of  the  knee- 
joint,  septicaemia. 

Hardaway,*  George  S.,  .    .  3d  Medical  Division,   1858,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1857. 
Reported  to  have  died  in  Columbus,  Ga.,  in  1869; 
cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Hardenbergh,  Daniel  Bailey, 

4th  Medical  Division,    1893,   I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1888;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1891. 
Address :  care  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon  Club,  435  Fifth 
Avenue,  New-York  City. 

iThis  name  is  erroneously  inscribed  on  the  memorial  tablet  in  the  hospital, 
John  Henry  Hammond. 


214  ^^'^  Account  of  Dellcviie  Hospital. 

Harlan,*  Benjamin  Joseph,  2d  Surgical  Division,  1875,  I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky,  1871;  M.  D.,BelIcvue, 
1874;  in  practice  in  Columbia,  Tenn.,  1875-89.  Born 
near  Columbia,  Tenn.,  October  25,  1848  ;  died  in  New- 
York  City,  May  25,  1889;  cause,  carcinoma  of  sig- 
moid flexure,  acute  obstruction,  peritonitis,  inguinal 
colostomy. 

Harrison,  William  Gilpin,  4th  Medical  Division,  1866.  I. 

A.  B.,  College  of  St.  James,  Maryland,  1861  ;  A.  M., 
1864;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1864;  attended  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  1876;  Visiting  Physician,  Church  Home 
and  Infirmary,  1867-77  ;  Home  of  the  Friendless,  1870- 
1877;  Baltimore  Special  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Chest 
and  Abdominal  Organs,  1867-80. 

General  Medicine :  26  Mount  Vernon  Place,  Balti- 
more, Md. 

Hartley,  Frank, 2d  Surgical  Division,    1882,  I. 

a.  B.,  Princeton,  1877;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1880;  at 
Anatomical  Institute,  Leipsic,  1881  ;  Heidelberg,  1882  ; 
General  Hospital,  Vienna,  1882-83;  Surgical  Clinic, 
Vienna,  1882-83;  Assistant  Visiting  Surgeon,  Roose- 
velt Hospital,  since  1885  ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  1887-92  ;  New- York  Cancer  Hospital  since 
1889;  New-York  Hospital  since  1892;  Demonstrator 
of  Anatomy,  Columbia,  1883-88;  Instructor  in  Opera- 
tive Surgery,  and  Clinical  Lecturer  upon  Surgery,  since 
1891. 

General  Surgery:  7  West  31st  street.  New- York 
City. 

Hasbrouck,'^  S.  C.,+ 1864,  I. 

Probably  resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.     M.  D. 

Hawthorn,*  Frank, t  ,    ,    .  ist  Surgical  Division,   1S60,  I. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.  M.  D.,  University  of 
the  City  of  New- York,  1859;  Resident  Physician,  Nur- 
sery and  Child's  Hospital,  New-York  City,  i860;  Pri- 
vate in  the  ist  Regiment,  Alabama  Infantry,  C.  S.  A., 
1861-62  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  1862  ;  Surgeon,  1862-65  ; 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  New  Orleans  (La.)  School  of 
Medicine,   1866-67;   Professor  pro  tempore  of  Materia 


Internes.  2 1 5 

Medica  and  Therapeutics,  1867-68;  Professor,  1868- 
1874;  Professor  of  Obstetrics,  University  of  Louisiana 
(now  the  Tulane  University),  1874-76.  Residence 
after  leaving  the  hospital,  Wilcox  County,  Ala.,  and 
New  Orleans,  La.  Born  in  Conecuh  County,  Ala., 
September  20,  1835;  died  in  New  Orleans,  La.,  Feb- 
ruary 24,  1876;  cause,  chronic  nephritis. 

Haynes,  Irving  Samuel,  .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1888,  II. 

Ph.  B.,  Wesleyan,  1885;  M.  D.,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1887;  Attending  Surgeon,  Cham- 
bers Street  Hospital  Dispensary,  New-York  City,  1888- 
1890  ;  Visiting  Physician,  Hebrew  Sheltering  Guardian 
Orphan  Asylum,  since  1889;  Demonstrator  of  Anat- 
omy, University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  since  1889; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  New-York  Orthopaedic  Dispensary 
and  Hospital,  since  1891. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  316  East  86th  street. 
New- York  City. 

HAZLETON,t  William  French, 

2d  Surgical  Division,   iS8j,  II. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.     M.  D.,  Columbia, 

1884. 
General  Medicine  and  Surgery:   Springfield,  Vt. 

Hebersmith,*  Ernest,! 1862,  II 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1861  ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  on  U.  S. 
S.  Monticello,  1861,  disabled;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S. 
N.,  on  U.  S.  Gunboat  Itasca,  1862-65;  Surgeon,  U. 
S.  H.  M.  S.,  at  New  Orleans,  New-York,  and  San 
Francisco,  1865-80;  in  practice,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  sub- 
sequently. Born  in  Renssaelerville,  N.  Y.,  January 
20,  1840;  died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  March  11,  1888; 
cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia.  Brother  of  Orsamus 
Smith  (1863,  L),  and  while  in  the  hospital  was  known 
by  the  name  of  Heber  Smith. 

Heinmuller,*  Robert  John,   2d  Medical  Division,  1877,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1875; 
Attending   Physician,    Bellevue    Hospital    Dispensary, 


2i6  A fi  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Diseases  of  Children ;  Sanitary  Inspector,  New-York 
City  Health  Department,  1881-84.  Born  in  New-York 
City  in  1855  ;  died  suddenly  in  New-York  City,  August 
30,  1884. 

Henkel,  Haller  H ist  Surgical  Division,  1880,  II. 

A.  M.,  Polytechnic  Institute,  Newmarket,  Va.,  1873  ; 
M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1878; 
Surgeon,  B.  &  O.  R.  R.,  since  1886;  C.  &  O.  R.  R., 
since  1886;  Member,  Board  of  Health,  Staunton,  Va., 
since  1886;  Medical  Director,  Equity  Life  Association, 
since  1887. 

General  Medicine  and  .Surgery:   Staunton,  Va. 

Herman,  Henry, 3d  Medical  Division,  1885,  I. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1879;  M.  D., 
Bellevue,  1883. 

General  Medicine:  627  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York  City. 

HERTER.t  Christian  Archibald, 

ist  Medical  Division,   188"/,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1885;  at  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1886-87 ;  Univer- 
sity of  Zurich,  1887-88;  Attending  Neurologist,  New- 
York  Orthopaedic  Dispensary  and  Hospital,  1888-89; 
Attending  Physician,  Presbyterian  Hospital  Dispen- 
sary, Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System,  since  1888. 
Translator  of  "  Bernheim's  Suggestive  Therapeutics," 
1889.  Author  of  "A  Study  of  Experimental  Myelitis," 
1889;  "The  Pathology  of  Solitary  Tubercle  of  Spinal 
Cord,"  1890.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital, 
Baltimore,  Md.,  and  New-York  City. 

Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System :  839  Madison 
Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Hicks,  Joseph  L.vwrenxe,  .    ist  Medical  Division,  1861,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  i860;  Surgeon,  ist  Regiment, 
New- York  Volunteers,  1861 ;  Post-surgeon,  General 
Hospital,  Newport  News,  1861  ;  disabled  in  1861  ;  At- 
tending Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the 
Skin,  1862-63;  Visiting  Physician,  Patriot  Orphan 
Home,  Flushing,  N,  Y.     Author  of  various  articles  in 


Internes.  217 

medical  journals.     Residence   since  leaving   the   hos-     • 
pital,  New-York  City,  1861-63;  and  Flushing,  N.  Y., 
since  1863. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  Flushing,  N.  Y. 

Hills,  John  Marshall,  .    .  4th  Medical  Division,  1875,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1873  ;  Attending  Physician,  North- 
western Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Women,  1876;  Clini- 
cal Assistant,  Chair  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of 
Women,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1875-80; 
Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  Women,  1876-80;  in  practice,  New-York 
City,  1875-82.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital, 
New-York  City,  1875-84;  Newburyport,  Mass.,  and 
Kittrell,  N.  C. 

Retired:  Hotel  St.  Marc,  Fifth  Avenue  and  39th 
street,  New-York  City. 

HiMES,  Isaac  Newton,    .    .    ist  Surgical  Division,  1857,  II. 

A.  B.,  Jefferson  College  (now  Washington  and  Jef- 
ferson), 1853;  A.  M.,  1856;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  1856;  at  Vienna,  Berlin,  and 
Paris,  1865-66;  Assistant  Resident  Physician,  Infants' 
Hospital,  Randall's  Island,  New-York  City,  1858  and 
1860-61  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  73d  Regiment,  Ohio  Vol- 
unteers, 1861  ;  Surgeon,  1862-65  ;  Professor  of  Anat- 
omy, Cleveland  Medical  College  (Western  Reserve 
University),  1864-71;  Professor  of  Physiology,  1871- 
1881  ;  Professor  of  Pathology  since  1881.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  Shippensburg,  Penn.  ;  Chilli- 
cothe,  O.  ;  San  Francisco,  Cal.  ;  and  Cleveland,  O. 

General  Medicine  :  603  Prospect  street,  Cleveland,  O. 

HiNE,*  Raphael  Franklin,  4th  Medical  Division,  1876,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of -the  City  of  New-York,  1875; 
in  practice  in  Costa  Rica,  Central  America,  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  a  few  years  ago  in  or  near  San 
Jose,  Costa  Rica, 

Hitchcock,*  Homer  Owen,  3d  Medical  Division,  1856,  II. 

A.  B.,  Dartmouth,  1851  ;  A.  M.,  1854;  M.  D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1855;  Surgeon,  Board 
of  Enrolment,  2d  District  of  Michigan,  1862-65;  Acting 


2i8  An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1864-65  ;  Examining  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  1862-86;  President,  Mich- 
igan State  Medical  Society,  1872;  Member,  Michigan 
State  Board  of  Health,  1873-80;  President,  1873-76. 
Author  of  "  Death  from  Air  in  the  Veins,"  Trans.  Amer. 
Med.  Assoc,  1864;  "Modern  Medicine:  its  Status  in 
Modern  Society,"  President's  Address, Trans.  Mich.  State 
Med.  Soc,  1874;  "  Entailments  of  Alcohol :  Heredity 
in  its  Relation  to  Public  Health,"  Repts.  Mich.  State 
Bd.  Health,  1876  &  1877,  Born  in  Westminster,  Vt., 
January  28,  1827;  died  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Decem- 
ber 7,  1888;  cause,  chronic  meningitis.  Cousin  of 
Henry  M.  Silver  (1876,  II.)  and  Lewis  M.  Silver 
(1887,  I.). 

HOCHIIEIMER,  Emanuel,  .    .  4th  Surgical  Division,   1879,  I. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1872;  B.  S., 
1883;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1877  ;  Visiting  Physician,  Montefiore  Home  for  Chronic 
Invalids,  New-York  City,  1886-88;  Yonkers  (N.  Y.) 
Home  for  Aged  and  Infirm  since  1885. 

General  Medicine :  224  East  72d  street,  New-York 
City. 

HoLLlSTER,  Frank  Canfield,  4th  Medical  Division,  1892,  II. 

At  Williston,  1882-85;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1890. 
General  Medicine:   226  West  75th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Holt,  Luther  Emmett,  .    .  4th  Surgical  Division,  1881,  II. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Rochester  (N.  Y.),  1875;  A.  M., 
1878;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1880;  Attending  Physician, 
New-York  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Chest,  1882  ;  North- 
western Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  1881-88; 
Visiting  Physician,  New-York  Infant  Asylum,  since 
1885;  Babies' Hospital  since  1890;  Consulting  Physi- 
cian, Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Crippled,  since  1888. 
Author  of  "Aneurism  of  the  Brachial  Artery,  Cured 
by  Compression,"  1882  ;  "The  Symptoms  and  Diagno- 
sis of  Malaria  in  Children,"  1883;  "Case  of  Tetanus 
Neonatorum  Cured  by  Potassium  Bromide,"  1883; 
"  Pneumonia  in  Young  Children,"  1885  ;  "  The  Treat- 
ment of  Empyema  in  Children,"  1887;   "Report  of 


Inter7ies.  219 

Four  Cases  of  Spina-bifida,"  1887;  "The  Antiseptic 
Treatment  of  Summer  Diarrhea,"  1887;  "Primary- 
Nephritis  in  Infancy,"  1887;  "Diarrheal  Diseases," 
Keating's  Cyclop.  Dis.  Child.,  1890;  ''Obscure  Nasal 
Diphtheria,"  1890;  "Observations  on  the  Capacity  of 
the  Stomach  in  Infancy,"  1890;  and  various  cases  in 
Repts.  N.  Y.  Path.  Soc. 

General  Medicine:  15  East  54th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Hope,  George  Bevan,    .    .    4th  Surgical  Division,    1877,   I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1869;  A.  M.,  1872;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1875 ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Metropolitan  Throat 
Hospital,  1877-85;  Surgeon  since  1885;  Associate 
Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Nose  and  Throat,  New- 
York  Post-graduate  Medical  School,  1885-87;  Pro- 
fessor of  Diseases  of  the  Throat,  University  of  Vermont, 
since  1886.  Author  of  "A  Case  of  Complete  Cicatri- 
cial Adhesion  of  the  Velum  Palati,  following  Extensive 
Ulceration  of  Congenital  Syphilis,  and  Operation  for  its 
Relief,"  Quart.  Bull.  Clin.  Soc.  N.  Y.,  Oct.,  1886;  "A 
Modified  Operation  in  Laryngeal  Stenosis  from  Paraly- 
sis of  Abductors,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  Nov.,  1886; 
Tracheal  Ozaena,  1889. 

Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Nose:  34  West  51st 
street,  New-York  City. 

HoTCHKiss,  Lucius  Wales, 

2d  Surgical  Division,    1885,  II.,  &  1886,  I. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1881  ;  M.  D.,  1884;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, New-York  Orthopaedic  Dispensary  and  Hospital, 
1886;  Assistant  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispen- 
sary, Diseases  of  the  Nose  and  Throat,  18S6;  Atten- 
ding Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  1886-87  '■> 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Roosevelt  Hospital  Dispensary, 
since  1886;  New- York  Skin  and  Cancer  Hospital, 
1888-89;  Assistant  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospi- 
tal, since  1889;  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  Woman's  Medi- 
cal College  of  the  New- York  Infirmary,  1889-90; 
Professor  since  1890;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anat- 
omy, Columbia,  since  1890;  Visiting  Surgeon,  New- 
York  Colored  Home  and  Hospital,  1891. 

General  Surgery  :   5  East  41st  street,  New-York  City. 


2  20  A 71  A  f count  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Hough.  Garry  de  Neuville, 

3d  Surgical  Division,    1885,   II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1881  ;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1884;  Cen- 
sor, Bristol  (Mass.)  South  District  Medical  Society, 
1886;  Visiting  Surgeon,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New 
Bedford,  Mass.,  since  1886;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  1887-88;  Vice- 
president,  1889;  President,  1890.  Author  of  "  Treat- 
ment of  Abscesses,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1887. 

General  Medicine :  95  Elm  street,  New  Bedford, 
Mass. 

Houghton,  Hezekiah  Seymour, 

3d  Surgical  Division,    1887,  II. 

B.  S.,  Amherst,  1883;  A.  M.,  1886;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1886;  at  General  Hospital,  Vienna,  1888;  Munich, 
1888;  Attending  Surgeon,  Northern  Dispensary,  New- 
York  City,  1889-91  ;  Attending  Physician,  Diseases  of 
Children,  since  1891.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hos- 
pital, Monmouth  Beach,  N.  J.,  and  New-York  City. 

General  Medicine  :  301  West  88th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Howard,^  F.  H.,t /<5'(5?,  //. 

Probably  resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.     M.  D. 

Howe,*  John,  Jr.,  ....   4th  Medical  Division,    i860,   II. 

A.  B.,  New-York  Free  Academy,  1856;  A.  M.,  1859; 
M.  D.,  New-York  Medical  College,  1859;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  Volunteers,  1861-65;  Acting  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at  David's  Island,  Trenton,  Staten 
Island,  and  on  board  U.  S.  Transport,  5.  R.  Spaulding, 
1861-65;  iri  practice  in  New-York  City,  1865-76. 
Born  in  New-York  City,  1838;  died  suddenly  in  New- 
York  City,  August  II,  1876;  cause,  basilar  meningitis. 

Howe,*  Joseph  William,   .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1867,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1866; 
Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary, 
1868;  Deputy  Coroner,  New-York  City,  1868;  Sur- 
geon, New-York  City  Police  Department,  1872;  Visit- 


Internes.  221 

ing  Surgeon,  Charity  Hospital,  1872-89;  Consulting 
Surgeon,  1889-90;  Visiting  Surgeon,  St.  Francis'  Hos- 
pital, 1875-90;  Lecturer  on  Clinical  Surgery,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1868-72;  Professor,  1872-79; 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1879-83,  Author 
of  "  Emergencies  and  How  to  Treat  Them,"  D.  A.  & 
Co.,  1st  ed.,  1873;  3d  ed.,  1881  ;  "The  Breath  and 
the  Diseases  which  Give  it  a  Fetid  Odor,"  D.  A.  &  Co., 
1875;  "Winter  Homes  for  Invalids,"  G.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons,  1875;  "Excessive  Venery,  Masturbation,  and 
Incontinence,"  Birmingham  &  Co.,  1884.  Born  in 
Chatham,  N.  B.,  September  30,  1843;  died  on  board 
S.  S.  Umbria  on  the  way  to  England,  June  7,  1890; 
cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

Howell,  John  T., 2d  Surgical  Division,  1886,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1884. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  205  Grand  street, 
Newburgh,  N.  Y. 

Hubbard,  Le  Roy  Watkins,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1884,  II. 

A.  B.,  Amherst,  1879;  A.  M.,  1882;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1883  ;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, New-York  Orthopedic  Dispensary  and  Hospital, 
1884-86;  Senior  Assistant  Surgeon  since  1887;  Lec- 
turer on  Surgery,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1885-88;  Vice-president,  Society  of  the  Alumni  of 
Bellevue  Hospital,  1887-88;  Physician,  House  of  Re- 
ception, New- York  Juvenile  Asylum,  since  1891. 
Author  of  "  Congenital  Dislocations  of  the  Hip,"  Keat- 
ing's  Cyclop.  Dis.  Child.,  1890;  S.  Ketch  and  H.,  Vol. 
Ill,  p.  945  ;  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Orthopaedic  Surgery:  161 
West  23d  street,  New-York  City. 

Hubbard,  S.  Dana,  Jr.,       .  3rd  Surgical  Division,    1892,  II. 

At  University  of  Alabama,  1885-86;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1891  ;  Interne,  Riverside  Hospital  (for  contagious 
diseases),  North  Brother  Island,  New-York  City, 
1892-93. 

Address:  619  South  Perry  street,  Montgomery,  Ala. 


2  22  A?i-  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Hubbard,*  W'iijjam  Hustace, 

^th  Medical  Division,  i8Sj,  II. 

Died  while  Junior  Assistant.  A.  B. ,  Columbia,  1880; 
M.  D.,  1883.  Born  in  New- York  City,  March  24, 
1859;  died  in  New- York  City,  May  29,  1884;  cause, 
typhoid  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty  in  the  hospital. 

Hubbard,  William  Norris, 

1st  Medical  Division,  1887,  H-.  &  1888,  I. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1883;  A.  M.,  1887;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1886;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dis- 
pensary, General  Medicine,  since  1888  ;  Assistant  Phy- 
sician, Demilt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  1888; 
Assistant  Instructor,  Diseases  of  the  Chest  and  General 
Medicine,  New-York  Polyclinic,  1888-89;  Instructor 
since  1889;  Secretary,  Society  of  the  Alumni  of  Belle- 
vue Hospital,  since  1888. 

General  Medicine  :  7  East  41st  street,  New-York  City. 

Hudson,*  Erasmus  Darwin,  2d  Surgical  Division,  1868,  H. 

A.  B.,  New-York  Free  Academy,  1864;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1867;  Sanitary  Inspector,  New-York  City 
Health  Department,  1869-70;  Attending  Physician, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  1870;  Northwestern  Dis- 
pensary, 1870-72  ;  Trinity  Chapel  Parish  and  Trinity 
Home,  1870-75  ;  Professor  of  the  Principles  and  Practice 
of  Medicine,  Woman's  Medical  College  of  the  New-York 
Infirmary,  1874;  Professor  of  General  Medicine  and 
Diseases  of  the  Chest,  New-York  Polyclinic,  1884-87; 
Visiting  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1884-87;  St. 
Elizabeth's  Hospital,  1884-87;  Secretary  of  the  Sec- 
tion on  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  New-York 
Academy  of  Medicine,  1886-87;  Chairman,  1887. 
Author  of  "  Pulse  and  Respiration  of  Infants,"  El- 
liot's Pittsb.  Clinic,  1872;  a  monograph  on  "The  Pre- 
vention and  Early  Arrest  of  Pulmonary  Phthisis ;  Phy- 
sical Examination  of  Weak  Chests  and  the  Differential 
Diagnosis  of  Several  Early  Forms  of  Phthisis  "  ;  "  The 
Essentials  of  the  Physical  Diagnosis  of  Thoracic  Dis- 
eases." 

Born  in  Northampton,  Mass.,  November  10,  1843; 
died  in  New-York  City,  May  9,  1887;  cause,  acute 
lobar  pneumonia. 


I7tt ernes.  223 

Hunt,*  Eben,  ......  ist  Medical  Division,  1881,  II. 

Died  while  Junior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Dartmouth, 
1870;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1879;  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages,  Yonkers  (N. 
Y. )  Academy,  1870-73  ;  Lecturer  on  Chemistry,  Ches- 
ter (Penn.)  MiUtary  Academy,  1873-77;  Instructor  in 
Greek,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1877-79. 

Born  in  New  Hampshire,  1845  ;  died  in  New- York 
City,  September  3,  1880;  cause,  diphtheria,  contracted 
while  on  duty  in  the  hospital. 

Hunt,*  James  Halsey,  .    .    ist  Surgical  Division,  1874,  H. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1872;  Surgeon,  N.  Y.  L.  E.  &  W. 
R.  R.,  1888-92;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Hunt  Memorial 
Hospital,  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.,  1888-92.  Born  in  Center- 
ville,  N.  J.,  August  9,  1849;  died  in  Salt  Lake  City,  U. 
T.,  December  20,  1892  ;  cause,  paresis  due  to  over  ex- 
•  ertion  and  exposure. 

Hunt,  John  Wesley,  .    .    .ist  Surgical  Division,  i860,  H. 

At  Genesee  Wesleyan  Seminary,  Lima,  N.  Y.,  1850- 
1853;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1859;  Surgeon,  loth  Regt.,  N.  Y,  Volunteers,  1861- 
1862;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Volunteers,  May  i,  1862-;  in 
charge  Mill  Creek  General  Hospital,  May  to  September, 
1862;  disabled,  December,  1862,  and  honorably  dis- 
charged; Visiting  Surgeon,  City  Hospital,  Jersey  City, 
N.  J.,  1868-86;  Hudson  County  Church  Hospital  and 
Home  (now  Christ  Hospital),  Jersey  City,  1873-79. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
1863-89;  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  since  1889. 

General  Medicine:  135  South  Grand  Avenue,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal. 

HuRD,t  Arthur  Willl\m,  .  2d  Surgical  Division,  188^,  I. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Knox  Col- 
lege, Galesburg,  111.,  1880;  A.  M.,  1883;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1883;  at  General  Hospital,  Vienna,  1884-85; 
and  at  hospital,  London,  1884-85  ;  Interne  Workhouse 
and  Almshouse  Hospitals,  New-York  City,  1883;  Sec- 
ond Assistant  Physician,  Buffalo  State  Asylum  for  the 
Insane,  1885-86;  First  Assistant  Physician  since  1889. 


2  24  ^^^  Accou7it  of  BcUevjic  Hospital. 

Author  of  "Sudden  Coma,"  Med.  Press,  West.  N.  Y., 
1887;   "  Paranoia,"  Buff.  Med.  &  Surg.  Jour.,  1887. 

Mental  Diseases:  Buffalo  State  Hospital,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y. 

Hv.sLOP,*  William, t Medical  Division,  iSj2,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  or  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B., 
Union,  1849;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1851  ;  in  practice  in 
New-York  City,  1851-55.  Born  in  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y., 
February,  1830;  died  in  New-York  City,  February  26, 
1855  ;  cause,  typhus  fever.  Brother  of  James  Hyslop, 
Assistant  Resident,  1840-42. 

ISHAM,  John  Beach,    ...    3d  Surgical  Division,  1875,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1869;  A.  M.,  1872;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1873;  at  University  of  Heidelberg,  1875-76;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  New-York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  Ear  De- 
partment, 1879-80;  Eye  Department,  1883-87;  Visiting 
Physician,  Workhouse  and  Almshouse  Hospitals,  N.  Y., 
1887-89;  Clinical  Assistant,  Neurological  Department, 
Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital,  1885-89;  Visiting 
Surgeon,  St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum,  1886-89;  Cura- 
tor, Wood  Museum,  Bellevue  Hospital.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City,  Manitou 
Springs,  and  Colorado  Springs,  Col.,  and  Pasadena, 
Cal. 

General  Medicine :  66  North  Euclid  Avenue,  Pasa- 
dena, Cal. 

ISHAM,t  Ralph  N.,    .    .    .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  iSjj,  II. 

Left  the  hospital  while  House  Physician.  A.  M., 
Northwestern  University,  1880;  M.  D.,  University  of 
the  City  of  New-York,  1854;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Marine 
and  Military  Hospital,  Chicago,  111.,  1861-65,  and  U. 
S.  Marine  Hospital,  1872-76;  \'isiting  Surgeon,  Cook 
County  (111.)  Hospital,  1880-84;  Emergency  Hospital 
since  1885;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Hospital, 
since  1884;  Professor  of  Surgical  Anatomy  and  Opera- 
tive Surgery,  Chicago  Medical  College  (Northwestern 
University),  1859-80;  Professor  of  Theory  and  Practice 
of  Surgery  and  Clinical  Surgery  since  1880. 

General  Surgery:  321  Dearborn  Avenue,  Chicago,  111. 


Internes.  225 

Ives,*  Charles  Linn^us,    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1856,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1852;  A.  M.,  later;  M.  D.,  Jefferson, 
1854;  in  practice  in  New  Haven, "Conn. ,  1856-62  ;  re- 
siding in  Minnesota,  on  account  of  ill  health,  1862-63; 
in  practice  in  New  Haven,  1863-68;  Professor  of  the 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  Yale,  1868-73;  Vice- 
president,  American  Medical  Association,  1871-72; 
abroad,  on  account  of  ill  health,  later.  Author  of 
"Prophylaxis  of  Phthisis  Pulmonalis,"  Trans.  Med. 
Soc.  State  Conn.;  "The  Therapeutic  Value  of  Mer- 
cury and  its  Preparations,"  Prize  Essay,  idem.  Born 
in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  June  22,  183 1  ;  died  there 
March  20,  1879;  cause,  carcinoma  of  the  rectum, 
operation  for  removal,  secondary  hemorrhage.  Rela- 
tive (brother?)  of  Levi  Ives,  Assistant  Resident,  1839- 
1840. 

Jackson,*  Arthur  Harper,  .    Medical  Division,  185 1,  I. 

A.  B.,  Amherst,  1846;  A.  M.,  1849;  M.  D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1850;  in  manufactur- 
ing business  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  1851-69.  Born  in 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  November  7,  1826;  died  in  Mid- 
dletown, Conn.,  March  9,  1869;  cause,  acute  lobar 
pneumonia. 

Jackson,  Charles  Warren,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1889,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1887, 
General   Surgery:     168  West  8ist  street,  New-York 
City. 

James,  William  Malcolm,  .  ist  Medical  Division,  1863,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1862.  In  charge  of  surgical  wards, 
Island  Hospital,  1863-64.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
hospital,  Trenton,  Whitesboro,  and  Utica,  N.  Y. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  166  Genesee  street, 
Utica,  N.  Y. 

Janes,   Henry, 2d   Medical  Division,  1856,   H. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1855; 
Surgeon,  3d  Regiment,  Vermont  Volunteers,  1861  ;  U. 
S.  Volunteers,  1863;  Brevet  Lieutenant-Colonel,  U.  S. 
v.,  1865  ;  Surgeon-General,  N.  G.  S.  V.,  1888.  Author 
of  "Treatment  of  Gun-shot  Fractures,"  Trans.  Med. 


2  26  Aji  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

Soc.  State  Vt. ,  1869;  "Some  of  the  Accidents  follow- 
ing Amputation," /V/<w,  1871  ;  "Spinal  Hemiplegia," 
Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc,  1877;  "Non-fatal  Penetrating 
Gun-shot  Wounds  of  the  Abdomen,  Treated  without 
Laparotomy,"  Trans.  Intern.  Med.  Cong.,  9th  Sess., 
Vol.  II,  p.  187;  "Gun-shot  Fractures  of  the  Femur," 
idem,  p.  256.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital, 
Chelsea,  Mass.,  and  Waterbury,  \'t. 

Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System  :   Waterbury,  Vt. 

Janeway,  Edward  G.,  .    .   3d  Medical  Division,    1865,  II. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  i860;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1864;  Act- 
ing Medical  Cadet,  U.  S.  Army  Hospital,  Newark, 
N.  J.,  1862-63;  Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1866-92; 
Visiting  Physician,  1872-92;  Charity  Hospital,  1868-71 ; 
Chief  of  Staff,  1870;  Visiting  Physician,  Hospital  for 
Epileptics  and  Paralytics,  1870-74  ;  Mount  Sinai 
Hospital  since  1885;  Consulting  Physician,  Presbyte- 
rian Hospital,  since  1886;  New- York  State  Emigrants' 
Hospital,  1880-89;  French  Hospital  since  1888;  Hospi- 
tals of  the  New-York  City  Health  Department,  1881-92; 
Consulting  Pathologist,  Hospital  for  Ruptured  and 
Crippled,  since  1875  ;  Professor  of  Physiological  and 
Pathological  Anatomy,  University  of  the  City  of  New- 
York,  1871-72;  Professor  of  Pathological  Anatomy, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1872-76;  Professor 
of  Pathological  Anatomy  and  Histology,  and  Diseases  of 
the  Nervous  System  and  Clinical  Medicine,  1876;  Lec- 
turer on  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics,  1873-76; 
Professor  of  Practical  Anatomy  (Demonstrator), 
1876-79;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Ner\'ous  System 
and  Clinical  Medicine,  and  Associate  Professor  of  Prin- 
ciples and  Practice  of  Medicine,  1881-86;  Professor  of 
Principles  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  1886-92;  Vice- 
president,  New- York  Pathological  Society,  1874; 
Health  Commissioner,  New-York  City  Health  De- 
partment, 1875-81  ;  Member  of  Committee  of  Confer- 
ence between  the  New-York  City  Health  Department 
and  the  New-York  Academy  of  Medicine,  1887,  and  of 
Advisory  Committee,  Chamber  of  Commerce,  during 
cholera  outbreak  of  1892;  Author  of  "Pathological 
Report  of  Autopsies  made  in  Bellevue  Hospital,"  Bell, 
and  Char.  Hosp.  Repts.,  D.  A.  &  Co.,  1870;  "  Leuco- 
cythaemia,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  1876;   "Clinical  Points 


Internes.  227 

in  the  Diagnosisof  Hepatic  Affections,"  G.  P.  P.  &  Sons 
(out  of  print)  ;  and  various  other  articles  in  medical 
journals. 

General  Medicine :  36  West  40th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Jarvis,   Nathan  Sturges,    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1886,  I. 

At  Baltimore  City  College,  1876-79;  M.  D.,Bellevue, 
1884;  First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1887-92;   Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon  since  1892. 

Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  :  care  Sur- 
geon-General's Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Jenkins,  Henry  Duncan,  .    .    .  Medical  Division,  1850,  I. 

A.  B.,  Transylvania  University,  1848;  M.  D.,  1848; 
in  practice,  Lexington,  Ky.,  1850-53  ;  engaged  in  farm- 
ing in  Coles  and  Douglas  Counties,  111.,  since  1855  ;  has 
held  petty  local  offices,  i.  e.,  Magistrate,  Township  Su- 
pervisor, Road  Commissioner,  etc.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital,  Lexington,  Ky.  ;  Coles  and  Doug- 
las Counties,  111. 

Farmer :   Areola,  111. 

Jennings,  David  D.,  .    .    .     ist  Surgical  Division,  1887,  II. 

Graduate  of  Lowell  (Mass.)  High  School,  1883  ;  M. 
D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1886;  Atten- 
ding Surgeon,  University  Dispensary,  1889;  Bellevue 
Hospital  Dispensary  since  1889;  Attending  Physician, 
latter.  Diseases  of  Children,  since  1889;  Clinical  Assis- 
tant to  the  Chair  of  Surgery,  University  of  the  City  of 
New-York,  since  1890;  Instructor  in  Surgery  since 
1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  333  East  20th  street. 
New- York  City. 

Johnson,  Alexander  Bryan,  2d  Surgical  Division,  1887,1. 

Ph.  B.,  Yale,  1882;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1885;  in  Vi- 
enna, 1887-88;  Assistant  Surgeon,  Roosevelt  Hospital 
Dispensary,  since  1888;  Assistant  Visiting  Surgeon, 
Roosevelt  Hospital,  since  1890. 

General  Medicine:  12  West  loth  street,  New-York 
City. 


2  28  An  Accou7it  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

Johnson,  Drydex,    .    .    .    .    ist  Medical  Division,  1879,  II. 

At  University  of  Kentucky,  1874-75  ;  M.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1878  ;  \'isiting  Physician 
and  Surgeon,  Ladies'  Relief  Home,  Denver,  Col.,  1880- 
1881  ;  Surgeon,  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.,  since  1881.  Resi- 
dence since  leaving  the  hospital,  Denver,  Col.  ;  Anto- 
nito,  Col. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  Antonito,  Col. 


Johnson,  John  George,  .    .  2d  Surgical  Division,  1857,  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1854;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1857;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  Long  Island  College  Hospital,  1857-58; 
Surgeon,  1858-61  ;  Union  Ferry  Co.  since  1857  ;  Sur- 
geon, Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  City  R.  R.  Co.,  since  1861  ; 
New-York  &  Brooklyn  Bridge  since  1883;  Prospect 
Park  &  Coney  Island  R.  R.  Co.  from  organization  till 
1889;  Brooklyn,  Flatbush  &  Coney  Island  R.  R.  Co. 
since  organization.  Author  of  "  Intra-capsular  Frac- 
tures of  Cervix  Femoris,"N.  Y.  Jour.  Med.,  1857;  "Vac- 
cination Medico-legally  Considered,"  Trans.  N.  Y.  Med- 
ico-Leg. Soc,  1881  ;  "  Ansesthetics  Medico-legally 
Considered,"  idem,  188 1  ;  also  various  other  articles  in 
medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  153  Joralemon  street, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Johnston,  William  Henry, 

1st  Surgical  Division,    1868,   I. 

At  Davidson  College,  N.  C,  1854-55  ;  University  of 
North  Carolina,  1858-59;  M.  D. ,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1867;  Vice-president,  Medical  As- 
sociation of  State  of  Alabama,  1878;  Member  of  Ala- 
bama State  Board  of  Health  since  1883.  Author  of 
"  Malarial  Hemorrhagic  Fever,"  Va.  Med.  Mon. ;  "  En- 
dometritis," Trans.  Med.  Assoc.  State  Ala.  ;  "Water 
as  a  Curative  Agent";  and  various  articles  in  medical 
journals.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New- 
York  City,  1867-71;  Selma,  Ala.,  1871-86;  and  Bir- 
mingham, Ala.,  since  1886. 

General  Medicine:  20i2>^  First  Avenue,  Birming- 
ham, Ala. 


Internes.  229 

Johnston,  William  Waring, 

1st  Surgical  Division,    1866,   11. 

At  College  of  St.  James,  Md.,  1859-61  ;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Penn.,  1865;  Assistant  in  Histological  and 
Pathological  Laboratories,  University  of  Edinburgh, 
1866-67;  Clinical  Clerk  in  Royal  Infirmary,  1866-67; 
attended  clinics  in  Paris,  1867-68  ;  Professor  of  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Medicine,  Columbian  University,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  since  1871  ;  Visiting  Physician,  Chil- 
dren's Hospital,  1871-86;  Consulting  Physician  since 
1886;  Garfield  Memorial  Hospital  since  1882;  Presi- 
dent, Medical  Society  of  District  of  Columbia,  1886-87  ; 
Medical  Association,  1888-89;  Treasurer,  Association 
of  American  Physicians,  1886.  Author  of  "  On  the  Di- 
agnosis of  Mild  Cases  of  Typhoid  Fever,"  Amer.  Jour. 
Med.  Sc,  Oct.,  1875;  "Intestinal  Indigestion,"  Pep- 
per's Sys.  Med.,  1885,  Vol.  II,  p.  620;  "Constipation," 
idem,  p.  638  ;  "  Enteralgia,"  idem,  p.  658  ;  "  Acute  and 
Chronic  Intestinal  Catarrh,  idem^  p.  667  &  p.  699; 
"Cholera  Morbus," /rt^tv;;,  p.  719;  "Dysentery,"  Wood's 
Ref.  Hndbk.  Med.  Sc,  1886,  Vol.  II,  p.  546;  "Simple 
Ulcer  of  the  Duodenum,"  Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc,  July, 
1888;  "On  the  Geographical  Distribution  of  Typhoid 
Fever  in  the  United  States,"  Trans.  Asso.  Amer.  Phys., 
1888. 

General  Medicine:    1603  K  street,  N.  W.,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 


Jones,*  Eusebius  Lee,  .    .    .     Surgical  Division,    185 1,   II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1847;  M.  D.,  National  Medical 
College,  1850;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1851-52;  in  practice  in  New-York  City,  1852-73; 
House  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary,  1853-57;  Secre- 
tary, New-York  Pathological  Society,  1852-57;  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  in  charge  of  Army  Hospital  at  David's 
Island,  N.  Y.,  the  buildings  of  which  were  planned  by 
him,  1861-65;  editor,  New-York  "  Medical  Register," 
1870;  in  practice  in  Alameda  County,  Cal.,  1873-76; 
President,  Alameda  County  Medical  Association,  1876. 
Born  in  Washington,  D.  C,  December  20,  1829;  died 
suddenly  in  Oakland,  Cal.,  January  30,  1876;  cause, 
pulmonary  congestion. 
15A 


230  Alt  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

Jones,  William  J.,  .    .    .    .3d  Medical  Division,   1859,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1858. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital.  Snow  Hill,  N.  C, 
1859-84;  and  Goldsboro,  N.  C,  since  1884. 

General  Medicine:   Goldsboro,  N.  C. 

JUDSON,  Walter, ist  Medical  Division,    1871,   I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1864;  A.  M.,  1867;  M.  U.,  Columbia, 
1870;  Visiting  Physician,  Connecticut  State  Hospital, 
New  Haven,  1877-85;  Consulting  Physician  since  1885. 

General  Medicine :  1 145  Chapel  street,  New  Haven, 
Conn. 

Kalish,   Richard,     .    .    .    4th  Surgical   Division,    1877,   ^^• 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1875  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  New-York 
Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1878-90;  Visiting  Surgeon, 
City  (late  Charity)  Hospital,  since  1880;  Ophthalmic 
Surgeon,  Transfiguration  Clinic,  since  1890;  Church 
Hospital  Dispensary  and  Secretary  Board  of  Trustees 
since  1892  ;  Consulting  Ophthalmologist,  St.  John's 
Hospital,  Long  Island  City,  N.  Y.,  since  1892;  Lec- 
turer on  Therapeutics,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  Col- 
lege, spring  term,  1880;  Assistant  Secretary,  New-York 
Academy  of  Medicine,  1886-92;  Secretary,  1892;  Pres- 
ident, Society  of  the  Alumni  of  Bellevue  Hospital, 
1889-90.  Author  of  "  The  Arrest  and  Partial  Resorp- 
tion of  Immature  Cataract,  with  Restoration  of  Reading 
Power,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  March  29,  1890;  "  The  Ab- 
sorption of  Immature  Cataract  by  Manipulation  con- 
joined with  Instillation," /^^;«,  Dec.  20,  1890. 

Diseases  of  the  Eye:  50  West  36th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Katzenbach,  William  Henry, 

2d  Medical  Division,    1872,   II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1867;  A.  M.,  1870;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 187 1 ;  Attending  Physician,  New-York  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  Children,  1873-74;  Northwestern  Dispen- 
sary, Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Lungs,  1875-78 ; 
Diseases  of  Women,  1878-80;  Bellevue  Hospital  Dis- 
pensary, Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Lungs,  1874-92  ; 
Professor  of  General   Medicine   and    Diseases   of  the 


Internes.  231 

Chest,    New-York   Polyclinic,    since    1892.      Uncle   of 
William  E.   Studdiford  (1893,  I). 

General  Medicine:  22  West  45th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Kearney,  Thomas  J.,  .    .      ist  Surgical  Division,   1876,  I. 

At  Niagara  University,  1866-70;  St.  Mary's  College, 
Montreal,  1870-71;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1874;  Attending 
Physician,  St.  Stephen's  Home  for  Half-orphans,  New- 
York  City,  1878-83  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  New-York  Eye 
and  Ear  Infirmary,  1878-79;  Clinical  Assistant  in 
Surgery,  New-York  Post-graduate  Medical  School, 
1886;  in  Gynsecology,  1887.  "Author  of  Manganese 
in  the  Treatment  of  Menstrual  Disorders,"  N.  Y.  Med. 
Rec,  Aug.,  1886. 

General  Medicine:  126  East  29th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Keefe,  John  W., ist  Surgical  Division,   1886,   I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1884; 
Visiting  Surgeon,  Rhode  Island  Hospital,  Providence, 
R.  I.,  since  1886  ;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Aloysius 
Orphan  Asylum,  since  1889;  Providence  Lying-in  Hos- 
pital since  1890;  Medical  Examiner,  City  of  Provi- 
dence, since  1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  440  Broad  street, 
Providence,  R.  I. 

Keily,  Edward  Augustus,  2d  Surgical  Division,   1889,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1887. 

General  Medicine  :  138  West  104th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Kempner,  Solomon  Horace, 

4th  Medical  Division,    1888,   I. 

At  University  of  Cincinnati,  1881-83  ;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1886;  at  University  of  Vienna,  1888-89;  Royal 
Lying-in  Hospital,  Dresden,  1889;  L'Hopital  St.  Louis, 
Paris,  1889. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Skin :  Fifth 
and  Main  streets,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 


232  A?i  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Kendall,  John  Calvin,    .    ist  Medical  Division,  1876,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1870;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1875  ;  Assistant 
District  Physician,  Northeastern  Dispensary,  New- 
York  City,  1876-77.  Author  of  "A  Severe  Injury  to 
the  Larynx  by  an  Attempt  at  Suicide:  Recovery," 
New  Eng.  Med.  Mon.,  Jan.  15,  1882;  "Prophylactic 
Use  of  Tracheal  Tube  in  Injuries  of  the  Neck  in  the 
Region  of  the  Larynx,"  Trans.  Conn.  State  Med.  Soc, 
1882.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York 
City;  Mount  Kisco,  N.Y. ;  Norwalk  and  Norfolk,  Conn. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:   Norfolk,  Conn. 

King,*  William  Hebron,  .   2d  Medical  Division,  jS6j,  I. 

Died  while  House  Physician.  ^L  D.,  Bcllcvue,  1862  ; 
School-teacher,  New- York  City,  1860-62  ;  Acting  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at  U.  S.  General  Hospi- 
tal, Newark,  N.  J.,  March  14-21,  1863.  Born  in 
South  Egremont,  Mass.  ;  died  in  U.  S.  General  Hos- 
pital, Newark,  N.  J.,  March  21,  1863;  cause,  typhus 
fever,  chronic  nephritis.  He  contracted  the  fever  while 
serving  in  the  fever  wards  in  Bellevue  Hospital. 

Kingman,  James  Henry,  .  4th  Medical  Division,   1886,  H. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1882;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1885;  Physi- 
cian, Board  of  Overseers  of  the  Poor,  New  Bedford, 
Mass.,  1887-89.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital, 
New  Bedford,  Mass.,  1887-89,  and  Pawtucket.  R.  I., 
smce  1889. 

General  Medicine  :   72  Broadway,  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 

Kinnaird,  Thomas  Hayes,    4th  Surgical  Division,  1883,  I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Kentucky,  1877;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1881.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  Silver  King,  Ariz.,  and  Lex- 
ington, Ky. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  140  East  Main  street, 
Lexington,  Ky. 

Kinney,*  Elijah  Clark,  .    4th  Medical  Division,  1859,  H. 

M.  D.,  New- York  Medical  College,  1858  ;  Interne, 
Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  1859-60;  attended  Euro- 


Internes.  233 

pean  clinics,  1860-61  ;  President,  Medical  Society  of 
City  of  Norwich  (Conn.),  1879;  New  London  County 
Medical  Society,  1879,  and  1881-83;  Connecticut 
State  Medical  Society,  1886  ;  Examining  Surgeon,  U. 
S.  Pension  Bureau,  1884-88;  Vice-president,  Board  of 
Incorporators,  Backus  Hospital,  1891-92.  Born  in 
Norwich,  Conn.,  July  25,  1829;  died  there  October  19, 
1892;  cause,  carcinoma  of  the  mesentery,  intestinal 
obstruction.    Uncle  of  Witter  Kinney  Tingley  (1888, 1). 

KlNNlCUTT,t  Francis  P.,    .    ist  Medical  Division,  1871,  IT. 

Resigned  while  House  Physician.  A.  B.,  Harvard, 
1868;  A.  M.,  1871;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1871;  at  Uni- 
versity of  Heidelberg,  1873;  Vienna,  1872-73;  London, 
1873  ;  Clinical  Assistant,  Diseases  of  the  Mind  and  Ner- 
vous System,  Columbia,  1873-80;  Instructor  in  Diseases 
of  Children,  1880-87;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Heart  and  Lungs, 
1875-80;  New- York  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
Children,  1877-87;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Luke's  Hos- 
pital, since  1880;  New-York  Cancer  Hospital  since 
1887;  Trustee  of  latter  since  1887  ;  Consulting  Physi- 
cian, Babies'  Hospital,  since  1889  ;  President,  Practition- 
ers' Society,  1890  ;  President,  Alumni  Association,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1890-92;  Trustee, 
1891. 

General  Medicine  :  42  West  37th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Knight,  Charles  Asher,    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1892,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1887  ;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of 
New- York,  1890. 

General  Medicine  :  Peekskill,  N.  Y. 

Knox,  Augustus  Washington, 

3d  Medical  Division,  1875,  II. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1867-70;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1873  ;  Interne,  Woman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of  New- 
York,  1875-77;  Visiting  Physician,  Hospital  of  St.  John's 
Guild,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  since  1879;  Professor  of  Surgery, 
Leonard  Medical  College,  since  1885 ;  Visiting  Surgeon, 
Leonard  Medical  College  Hospital,  since  1885  ;  Member 
ofBoard  of  Medical  E.xaminers,  State  of  N.  C,  1885-90; 


2  34  -^'^  Account  of  Bcllcvue  Hospital. 

Medical  Examiner,  /Etna  Life,  Northwestern  Mutual 
Life,  Hartford  Life  and  Annuity,  Mutual  Benefit 
Life  of  New  Jersey,  and  American  Accident  insurance 
companies ;  Surgeon,  Traders'  &  Travelers'  Accident 
Insurance  Company;  Advisory  Surgeon  and  Medical 
Examiner,  Standard  Life  and  Accident  Insurance  Com- 
pany, Raleigh  &  Gaston  R.  R.,  and  Raleigh  &  Augusta 
R.  R. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Women  :  Raleigh, 
N.  C. 

Knox,*  William  Morrow,!  2d  Surgical  Division^  1836,  II. 

Resigned  while  Junior  or  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B., 
Columbia,  1849;  A.  M.,  1855;  M.  D.,  College  Physi- 
cians and  Surgeons,  1854;  Assistant  Surgeon,  78th 
Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  Died  in  Louis- 
ville, Ky. ,  April  27,  1862;  cause,  fracture  of  the  skull 
by  an  accidental  fall. 

KoPLiK,  Henry, ist  Medical  Division,   1883,  I. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1878;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1881  ;  at  universities  of  Berlin,  Prague,  Mu- 
nich, and  Vienna,  1885-86;  Assistant  in  Histology,  Co- 
lumbia, 1883-85;  Attending  Physician,  Eastern  Dis- 
pensary, Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  since  1887. 
Author  of  "  lodism  in  the  Nursing  Infant,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Rec,  Sept.,  1887;  "  Acute  Articular  Rheumatism 
in  the  Nursing  Infant,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  June,  1888  ; 
"Tuberculosisof  the  Testis  in  Childhood,"  Amer.  Jour. 
Pediat.,  Sept.,  1889;  "Nerves  and  Nerve  Tissue," 
Buck's  Hndbk.  Med.  Sc,  Wm.  Wood  &  Co.,  1889; 
"  Arthritis  Complicating  Vulvo- Vaginal  Inflammation 
in  Children,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  June  21,  1890;  "The 
Etiology  of  Empyema  in  Children,"  Archiv.  Pediat., 
Oct.,   1890. 

General  Medicine:  175  East  70th  street.  New- York 
City. 

Lambert,  Alexander,  .    .    4th  Medical  Division,  1889,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1884;  Ph.  B.,  1885;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1888;  House  Physician,  Midwifery  Dispensary,  New- 
York  City,  1890;  attended  clinics  in  Europe,  1890-91. 


Internes.  235 

Son  of  Edward  W.  Lambert  (1858,  II.),  and  brother  of 
Samuel  W.  (1886,  II). 

General  Medicine :  2  East  37th  street,  New- York 
City. 

Lambert,  Edward  W.,   .    .   ist  Medical  Division,  1858,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1854;  A.  M.,  1857;  M.  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1857;  Visiting  Physician,  St. 
Luke's  Hospital,  1862-72  ;  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospi- 
tal, 1861-64;  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  Children,  1858-59;  Medical  Director, 
Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society,  since  1859.  Father 
of  Samuel  W.  (1886,  II)  and  of  Alexander  (1889,  II). 

General  Medicine :  2  East  37th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Lambert,  Samuel  Waldron, 

1st  Medical  Division,    1886,   II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1880;  Ph.  B.,  1882;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1885 ;  attended  clinics  in  Berlin,  Vienna,  Munich, 
Frankfort,  and  Paris,  1887-89;  Attending  Physician, 
Midwifery  Dispensary,  New-York  City,  since  1890; 
Clinical  Assistant,  Vanderbilt  Clinic,  General  Medicine, 
since  1889.  Son  of  Edward  W.  Lambert  (1858,  II.), 
and  brother  of  Alexander  (1889,  II.) 

General  Medicine  :  2  East  37th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Larcombe,  George  Garmany, 

3d  Surgical  Division,    1887,   I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1882  ;  A.  M.,  1885  ;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1885;  M.  R.  C.  S.  (Eng.),  1888;  Ambulance  Sur- 
geon, Bellevue  Hospital,  1885  ;  at  University  of  Vienna, 
1887  ;  King's  College,  London,  1888.  Cousin  of  Jasper 
J.  Garmany  (1883,  II). 

General  Medicine:   82  Liberty  street.  Savannah,  Ga. 

Lauderdale,  John  V.  .    .    .2d  Surgical  Division,  1864,  I. 

Attended  Geneseo  (N.  Y.)  Academy;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New- York,  1862;  Acting  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  on  western  river  transports,  1862; 
again,    1864-67  ;    First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Sur- 


236  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

geon,  U.  S.  A.,  1867-70;  Captain  and  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, 1870-88;  Major  and  Surgeon  since  1888. 
Contributor  to  "  History  of  the  War  of  the  Rebelhon," 
Surg. -Gen.  Off. 

Major  and  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  ;  care  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral's office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Lawson,  I  Archibald,    .    .    .    Medical  Division,  1866,  II. 

Left  the  hospital  while  Junior  Assistant.  ^L  D., 
Columbia,  1866;  M.  R.  C.  S.  (Eng.),  1868;  Profes- 
sor of  Surgery,  Halifax  (N.  S.)  Medical  College,  1874- 
1883  ;  Visiting  Physician,  City  Hospital,  Halifax,  1878- 
1883;  Coroner,  Halifax,  1880-83;  Chairman,  School 
Board,  1882-83  ;  \'isiting  Physician,  Blind  Asylum  and 
Orphans'  Home,  1883.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
hospital,  Halifax,  N.  S.,  1870-83  ;  City  of  Mexico,  1883- 
1886;   Kansas  City,  Mo.,  since  1886. 

General  Medicine:  11 20  Main  street,  Kansas  City, 
Mo. 

Lay,  t  Frederic  Herbert,  2d  Surgical  Division,  1880,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  ]VL  D.,  Bellevue, 
1878;  at  Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital,  1878-79; 
Surgeon,  Pacific  Mail  S.  S.  Co.,  1879-80;  P.  S.  &  R. 
Co.,  1882-87  ;  A.  T.  &  S.  F.  R.  R.,  1882-87 ;  D-  T.  & 
Ft.  W.  R.  R.,  1888-89;  D.  &  R.  G.  R.  R.  since  1882; 
B.  &  Mo.  R.  R.  R.  since  1889;  Visiting  Surgeon,  St. 
Luke's  Hospital,  Denver,  Col.,  since  1890.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City ;  Pueblo, 
and  Denver,  Col. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  811  Seventeenth 
street,  Denver,  Col. 

Lazear,  Jesse  W.,  .    .    .    .  ist  Medical   Division,    1893,   II. 

A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins,  1889;  at  University  of  Edin- 
burgh, later;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1892. 
Address :   Baltimore,  Md. 

Lee,+  Benjamin,  ....      ist  Medical  Division,  i8jj,  II. 

Resigned  while  House  Physician.  A.  B.,  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  1852;  A.  M.,  1855;  Ph.  D.,  1878; 
M.  D.,  New-York  Medical  College,  1856;  at  hospitals 
in  Paris,   1857-58;    General   Hospital,  Vienna,   1858; 


Internes.  237 

Secretary,  American  Medical  Society,  Paris,  1857-58; 
Assistant  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary, 
New-York  City,  Diseases  ofWomen,  1861-62;  Surgeon, 
22d  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1861-62;  Surgeon,  3d 
Brigade,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1863-64;  Corresponding  Sec- 
retary, Philadelphia  County  (Penn.)  Medical  Society, 
1875;  Vice-president,  1876;  Treasurer,  Medical  Soci- 
ety of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  1873-87  ;  President, 
Mutual  Aid  Association  of  Philadelphia  County  Med- 
ical Society,  1878-80  and  1884-89;  American  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine,  1884-85  ;  Member  of  the  Advisory 
Council,  American  Public  Health  Association,  1885-87  ; 
Secretary  and  Executive  Officer,  Board  of  Health  and 
Vital  Statistics  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania, 
since  1885  ;  Editor  "American  Medical  Monthly," 
1861-62.  Author  of  "The  Correct  Principles  of 
Treatment  for  Angular  Curvature  of  the  Spine,"  J.  B. 
L.  &  Co.  (ist  ed.,  1868;  2d  ed,,  1872);  "Tracts  on 
Massage,"  from  the  German  of  Reibmayr,  1884  and 
1887  ;  "  Diseases  of  Bones  and  Joints,"  Wood's  House- 
hold Prac.  Med.  Hyg.  &  Surg.,  1880;  Annual  Reports, 
Pennsylvania  State  Board  of  Health,  1885-90;  and  vari- 
ous articles  in  medical  journals.  Residence  since  leaving 
the  hospital,  New-York  City,  1858-65  ;  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  since  1865. 

General  Medicine,  Orthopaedic  Surgery,  and  Me- 
chanical Therapeutics :  1532  Pine  street,  Philadelphia, 
Penn. 

Lee,*  Duncan  C,  .    .    .    .      ist  Surgical  Division,   1872,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1869; 
in  practice  in  Pictou  (?),  Canada,  1872-74.  Died  in  New- 
York  City,  April  25,  1874;   cause,  carcinoma  fibrosum. 

Lee,  William,    .    .    .    .ist  Medical  Division,    1864,  I  &  IL 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1863;  Attending  Physician,  Co- 
lumbia Hospital  Dispensary,  Washington,  D.  C,  Dis- 
eases of  Women,  1870;  Member,  Board  of  Health, 
1870  ;  Librarian,  American  Medical  Association, 
1873-82 ;  Editor  "  National  Medical  Journal,"  1870-72  ; 
Professor  of  Physiology,  Columbian  University,  since 
1872  ;  President,  Washington  Training  School  for 
Nurses,    1885-86;    Attending   Physician,    Emergency 


238  All  Account  of  Bellcvnc  Hospital. 

Hospital  and  Central  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Nervous 
System  and  General  Medicine,  since  1886.  Collabora- 
tor, "National  Medical  Dictionary,"  1890;  and  author 
of  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine:  21 11  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  N. 
W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Le  Fevre,   Egbert,  ....  2d  Medical  Division,   1885,  I. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1880;  A.  M.,  1884;  M.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1883;  Clinical  Assistant 
to  the  Chair  of  Practice  of  Medicine,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1885-88;  Clinical  Lecturer,  Practice 
of  Medicine,  1888-90;  Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine 
since  1890;  Lecturer  in  General  Medicine  and  Diseases 
of  the  Heart  and  Lungs,  New-York  Polyclinic,  since 
1888.  Author  of  "Notes  on  Materia  Medica,"  from 
lectures  by  W.  H.  Thomson,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.  (ist  cd., 
1883;  2ded.,  1885;  3d  ed.,  1886). 

General  Medicine:  161  West  23d  street,  New-York 
City 

Leveridge,  Silas  P.,  .    .    .     2d  Surgical  Division,  1880,  II. 

M.  D.,  1879;  Ambulance  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital, 1878-79;  Attending  Surgeon,  New-York  Dis- 
pensary, 1880-85  ;  Attending  Physician,  Eastern 
Dispensary,    1880-85;    Visiting  Physician,    1885-88. 

General  Medicine:  271  East  Broadway,  New- York 
City. 

Lewengood,  Jacob,  ...     3d  Medical  Division,    1883,  II. 

At  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1876-79; 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1882;  Attending  Physician,  Mount 
Sinai  Hospital  Dispensary,  General  Medicine,  since 
1883;  Visiting  Physician,  Old  Folks'  Home,  Yonkers, 
N.  Y.,  since  1883.  Brother  of  Samuel  Lewengood 
(1883,  II). 

General  Medicine:  129  East  84th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Lewengood,  Samuel,  .    .  4th  Surgical  Division,  1883,  II. 

At  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1876-79; 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1882;  First  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of 
Surgery,    New-York    Post-graduate    Medical    School, 


Internes.  239 

1884-85;  Attending  Surgeon,  Mount  Sinai  Hospital 
Dispensary,  since  1883.  Brother  of  Jacob  Lewengood 
(1883,  II). 

General  Medicine:  129  East  84th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Lewis,  Clarence  Linden,  Jr., 

2d  Surgical  Division,    1889,   II. 

At  Vanderbilt  University,  1885;  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, 1886;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1888;  Professor  of  Physi- 
ology, Tennessee  Medical  College,  1890-92 ;  in  the  drug 
business  since  1892.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hos- 
pital, New-York  City,  1889-90,  and  Knoxville,  Tenn., 
1890-92. 

Address:   T]  Pine  street,  New-York  City. 


Lewis,  Edwin  Augustus,  .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1875,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1870;  A.  M.,  1873;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1873  ;  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  Long  Island  College  Hos- 
pital, 1883-86;  Professor  since  1886;  Visiting  Surgeon 
since  1884;  Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Hospital  since  1889;  Con- 
sulting Surgeon,  Eastern  District  Hospital,  since  1890. 
Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  102  Pierrepont  street, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Leyton,  Albert  Henry,  2d  Surgical  Division,  1888, 1.  &  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1884;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1887;  At- 
tending Physician,  Roosevelt  Hospital  Dispensary,  since 
1888. 

General  Medicine  :  256  West  57th  street,  New-York 
City. 

LiNDSLY,*  James  CoOK.t    .     ist  Medical  Division,  i8'/2,  II. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Princeton, 
1867;  A.  M.,  1870;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1869;  in  prac- 
tice in  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  subsequently  in  Morristown, 
N.  J.  Later  he  went  to  the  West  on  account  of  ill 
health,  and  is  reported  to  have  died  in  California  about 
1888-89;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 


240  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Litchfield,  Lawrence,  .    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1889,  IL 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1885;   M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1888. 
General  Medicine  :   Neville  street,  Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

Little,  Daviu, ist  Medical  Division,  i860,  L 

A.  B.,  Union,  1855;  M.  I).,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1858;  Surgeon,  13th  Regiment,  New- 
York  Volunteers,  1861-62;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Roches- 
ter (N.  Y.)  City  Hospital,  since  1869;  Visiting  Physi- 
cian, Rochester  Orphan  Asylum,  since  1863.  Author 
of  "A  Case  of  Ovariotomy  and  What  May  Come  of 
Simple  Cleanliness,"  Trans.  Med.  Sec.  State  of  N.  Y., 
1883  ;  "  Prophylaxis  of  Summer  Complaints  of  Infants," 
idem,  1884;  "Is  Modern  Midwifery  Meddlesome?" 
idem,   1887. 

General  Medicine:  162  Plymouth  Avenue,  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y. 

Little,*  James  Lawrence, t  .    .  Medical  Division,  1S61,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
i860;  Interne,  New-York  Hospital,  1860-62;  Surgeon 
in  charge  of  Park  Barracks,  New-York  City,  1862  ; 
Lecturer  on  Operative  Surgery  and  Surgical  Dressings, 
Columbia,  1868-79  ;  Professor  of  Surger>',  University 
of  Vermont,  1875-85  ;  Professor  of  Clinical  Surgery, 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1879-85;  Visiting 
Surgeon,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  1868-78;  Consulting 
Surgeon,  1878-85 ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  St.  Vincent's 
Hospital,  1876-85.  Bom  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Febru- 
ary, 1836;  died  in  New-York  City,  April  4,  1885  ;  cause, 
appendicitis,  perforation,  acute  general  peritonitis. 

Livingston,*  Beverley,    .   4th  Medical  Division,  1878,  IL 

Ph.  B.,  Yale,  1874;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1877;  in  Eu- 
rope for  several  years  after  leaving  the  hospital  ;  in 
practice  in  New-York  City,  and  Visiting  Physician,  Nur- 
sery and  Child's  Hospital,  subsequently.  Born  in  1852; 
died  in  New-York  City,  June  30,  1883  ;  cause,  diph- 
theria, contracted  while  on  duty  at  the  Nursery  and 
Child's  Hospital.  Dr.  Livingston  bequeathed  his  scien- 
tific collections  and  about  $3000  to  the  Sheffield  Scien- 
tific School,  Yale. 


Internes.  241 

LocKwooD,  Charles  Edward, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1868,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1865;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1868;  Atten- 
ding Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  1873-86. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Oswego,  N.  Y., 
1869-70;  New-York  City  since  1870.  Brother  of  Wil- 
liam A.  Lockwood  (1865,  H). 

General  Medicine :  59  West  36th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Lockwood,  William  A.,    .    ist  Surgical  Division,  1865,  II. 

Graduated  at  Union  High  School,  Norwalk,  Conn., 
1858;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1864;  at  St.  Bartholomew's 
Hospital,  London,  1866;  in  Paris,  1866;  Attending 
Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
Children,  1867.  Brother  of  Charles  E.  Lockwood 
(1868,  II). 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  23  West  Avenue, 
Norwalk,  Conn. 

LoiNES,*  Jonas  Powell,  ....  Surgical  Division,  1850,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1849; 
Assistant  Physician  and  House  Physician,  Eastern  Dis- 
pensary, New-York  City,  1856-73.  Dr.  Loineshadthe 
general  contract  to  vaccinate  emigrants  at  Quarantine, 
New-York  Harbor,  1855-70,  and  furnished  large 
amounts  of  vaccine  virus  to  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment. He  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  vaccination. 
Born  in  Bethpage,  N.  Y.,  April  30,  1821  ;  died  in 
Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  December  15,  1873. 

LOOMIS,  Henry  P., 2d  Medical  Division,  1884,  II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1880;  M.  D.,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1883;  Adjunct  Professor  of  Pathol- 
ogy, University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1887-90; 
Professor  since  1890;  Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  since 
1886;  Visiting  Physician  since  1887;  Gouverneur  Hos- 
pital, 1890-91 ;  Director  of  Loomis  Laboratory,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New- York,  since  1888;  Pathol- 
ogist, New-York  City  Health  Department,  since  1888. 
Son  of  Alfred  L.  Loomis,  Visiting  Physician. 

General  Medicine :    58  East  34th  street,  New-York 
City. 
16 


242  All  Acco7int  of  BcUcvue  Hospital. 

LORENZE,  Edward  J.,    .    .    .   2cl  Medical  Division,   1888,  I. 

At  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1880-81 ;  M. 
D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1886;  Junior 
Assistant,  St.  Vincent's  Hospital,  1886;  Surgeon, 
Italian  line  of  steamers,  1888;  Visiting  Physician, 
Eastern  Dispensary,  1889-91  ;  Sanitary  Inspector, 
New-York  City  Health  Department,  1890-91. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Nose  and 
Throat :   1584  Madison  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

LosEE,  Edwin  Knickerbocker, 

1st  Medical  Division,  1890,  I. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1885;  A.  M.,  1888;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1888. 

General  Medicine :   Upper  Red  Hook,  N.  Y. 

Loving,  Starling,   ....   Surgical  Division,  1850,  I  &  II. 

M.  D.,  Starling  Medical  College,  Columbus,  0., 
1849;  at  Ward's  Island  Hospital,  1850;  Island  Hospi- 
tal, 1851-53;  Surgeon,  Panama  R.  R.,  1853-54;  Dem- 
onstrator of  Anatomy,  Starling  Medical  College,  1856; 
Lecturer  on  Therapeutics,  1857-76;  Lecturer  on  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine,  1875  ;  Dean  of  the  Faculty  since 
1884;  Surgeon,  6th  Regiment,  Ohio  Volunteers,  1861  ; 
Physician  to  Ohio  State  Prison,  1863  ;  St.  Francis'  Hos- 
pital, 1866.  Author  of  various  articles  in  medical 
journals.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital.  West 
Indies  and  Central  America,  1853-55;  Columbus,  O., 
since  1855. 

General  Medicine:  229 East  State  street, Columbus, O. 

Lowell,*  Abram  Leland,    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1862,  I. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1857;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,  1861  ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S. 
A.,  at  U.  S.  General  Hospital,  Newark,  N.  J.,  1862; 
Surgeon,  .S.  S.  Arago,  which  was  then  in  Government 
employ  on  the  Atlantic  Coast,  1863-65  ;  Examining 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  New- York  City,  1865  ; 
Washington,  D.  C,  1867-72;  in  practice  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  1872-82;  Visiting  Surgeon,  St.  Peter's  Hos- 
pital, 1878-82.  Born  in  Chester,  Vt.,  June  3,  1832; 
died  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  October  12,  1882;  cause, 
acute  lobar  pneumonia,  congestive  malarial  paroxysm. 


Internes.  243 

LUACES,*  Antonio  L.,  .    .    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1866,  I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1861  ;  M. 
D.,  Bellevue,  1865;  graduated  at  University  of  Ma- 
drid, later ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862; 
in  Europe,  1865-69.  On  the  outbreak  of  the  Cuban  In- 
surrection he  returned  to  New-York  and  joined  the  Pe- 
ril Expedition  (1869),  and  was  appointed  Medical  Direc- 
tor of  General  Jordan's  staff.  Subsequently  he  was 
Chief  of  Sanitary  Corps,  2d  Division,  Cuban  Army,  till 
1875,  when  he  was  taken  prisoner  at  Puerto  Principe 
and  publicly  shot.  Born  in  Puerto  Principe,  Cuba,  June 
18,  1842;  died  there,  April  20,  1875. 

Luce,*  Jacob  Benjamin,  .    .    3d  Medical  Division,  1864,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1862  ;  in  practice  in  East  Newark, 
N.  J.,  1864-65.  Born  in  Riverhead,  N.  Y.,  1841;  died 
in  East  Newark,  N.  J.,  February  4,  1865  ;  cause,  diph- 
theria. 

T  ,,  r-  TT  (3d  Medical  Division,  1866,  II. 

LuDLAM,  Charles  Henry,   <  -^  ,  c      •    i  t^-  •  •       ,0^:1  t 

(1st  Surgical  Division,  1867,  1. 

A.  B.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1863  ;  A. 
M.,  1866;  M.  D.,  1865;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Dispensary,  1866;  Attending  Physician,  Dis- 
eases of  Digestive  Organs,  1866-74;  Northern  Dispen- 
sary, Diseases  of  the  Digestive  Organs  and  Diseases  of 
the  Skin,  1867-74.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospi- 
tal, New-York  City,  1867-74;  Boonton,  N.  J.,  1874-78; 
and  Hempstead,  N.  Y.,  since  1878. 

General  Medicine  :   Hempstead,  N.  Y. 

Lyle,  William  Gordon,   .   2d  Surgical  Division,   1894,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1892. 
Address :   Hamilton,  Ont. 


Lyman,*  Francis  R.,    .    .    .    4th  Medical  Division,  1862,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1861  ; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  September  12  to 
October  24,  1862,  at  Harwood  Hospital,  Washington, 
D.  C.  Died  in  Harwood  Hospital,  November  14,  1862  ; 
cause,  typhoid  fever,  contracted  while  on  duty. 


244  -^''  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

Lymax,  Henry  Munson,  .    .  3d  Surgical  Division,  1862,  I. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1858;  A.  M.,  1875;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1861  ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  1862-63;  Visiting  Physician,  Cook 
County  Hospital,  Chicago,  111.,  1866-76;  Presbyterian 
Hospital  since  1885 ;  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Rush 
Medical  College,  1870-76;  Professor  of  Physiology  and 
of  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System,  1876-90;  Professor 
of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  since  1890;  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  Woman's 
Medical  College,  1877-88;  Vice-president,  American 
Neurological  Association,  since  1889.  Author  of  "Ar- 
tificial Anesthesia  and  Anesthetics,"  1881  ;  "Insomnia 
and  Other  Disorders  of  Sleep,"  1886  ;  and  various  arti- 
cles in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Nervous  Diseases :  70  State 
street;  residence,  200  Ashland  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Lyon,  Irving  Whitall,  .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1864,  II. 

M.  D,  University  of  Vermont,  1862;  Columbia, 
1863  ;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Berkshire  Medical 
College,  1862;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1862;  Medical  Director,  Hartford  Life  and  Annuity 
Insurance  Co.,  since  1866.  Author  of  various  articles 
in  Trans.  Conn.  State  Med.  Soc. ,  and  elsewhere. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and 
Lungs:   26  Buckingham  street,  Hartford,  Conn. 

MacArtnev,  William  Napier,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1890, 1. 

C.  M.,  New-York  State  Board  of  Pharmacy,  1885  ; 
M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1888. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  Fort  Covington, 
N.  Y. 

Mackenzie,*  Colin, t  .    .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1S62,  II. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.  M.  D.,  Western 
Reserve  University,  i860;  Assistant  Surgeon,  36th 
Regiment,  Ohio  Volunteers,  1862;  Surgeon,  1862-63; 
in  charge  of  Camp  Chase  General  Hospital  and  of 
Seminary  Hospital,  1863-64;  Acting  Medical  Director, 
1864;  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics, 
Cleveland  Medical  College  (Western  Reserve  Univ.), 
1864-65;    Professor,   1865-66;     Attending    Physician, 


Internes.  245 

New-York  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Women,  later ;  As- 
sistant Visiting  Surgeon,  New-York  State  Woman's 
Hospital,  1879-81.  Author  of  "  Emphysema  occurring 
during  Parturition,"  1876;  "  Pan-ophthalmia,"  1877  ; 
"Puerperal  Septic  Pyaemia,"  N.  Y.  Obstet.  Jour., 
1882,  etc.  Residence  after  leaving  the  hospital,  Co- 
lumbus, O.;  Cleveland,  O.;  and  New-York  City.  Born 
in  Cleveland,  O.,  in  1839;  died  in  New-York  City, 
January  16,  1892;   cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 

Mackenzie,  John  Noland,   .   2d  Medical  Division,  1879,  I. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1872-74;  M.  D.,  1876; 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1877;  Interne, 
Rotunda  Hospital,  Dublin,  1879;  Chief  of  Clinic,  Lon- 
don Throat  Hospital,  1879-81  ;  Universities  of  Munich 
and  of  Vienna,  1882;  Surgeon,  Baltimore  (Md.)  Eye, 
Ear,  and  Throat  Charity  Hospital,  since  1882  ;  Clinical 
Professor,  Diseases  of  the  Throat  and  Nose,  University 
of  Maryland,  since  1888;  Laryngologist  to  Johns  Hop- 
kins Hospital  and  Dispensary  since  1889;  President, 
American  Laryngological  Association,  1889-90;  Associ- 
ate Editor,  "  Maryland  Medical  Journal,"  1882  ;  Ameri- 
can Editor,  "  International  Journal  of  Laryngology  and 
Rhinology,"  1887.  Author  of"  Congenital  Syphilis  of 
the  Throat,  based  on  the  Study  of  150  Cases,"  Amer. 
Jour.  Med.  Sc,  Oct.,  1880;  "New  Process  for  Re- 
moving Adenoid  and  Papillary  Growths  from  the  Naso- 
pharyngeal Cavity  and  Throat,"  Md.  Med.  Jour. ,  April 
15,  1883;  "Irritation  of  the  Sexual  Apparatus  as  an 
Etiological  Factor  in  the  Production  of  Nasal  Disease," 
Prize  essay  Md.  Acad.  Med.,  Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc, 
April,  1884;  "Catarrhal  Affections  of  the  Larynx," 
"Leprosy  of  the  Larynx,"  "Lupus  of  the  Larynx," 
"  Syphilis  of  the  Larynx,  Trachea,  and  Bronchi,"  "Af- 
fections of  the  Nasal  Pharynx,"  "Hemorrhage  from 
the  Nasal  Passages,"  "Neuroses  of  the  Nose,"  "  Syph- 
ilitic Lesions  of  the  Pharynx  and  Nasal  Pharynx,"  "Ca- 
tarrhal Affections  of  the  Pharynx,"  "  Chronic  Nasal 
Catarrh,"  "Neuroses  of  the  Pharyngeal  Bursa,"  Wood's 
Ref.Hndbk.  Med.  Sc,  1887-89;  "  Nasal  Obstructions," 
Keating's  Cyclop.  Dis.  Chil.,  1889,  Vol.  II.;  also  reviews 
in  medical  journals. 

Diseases  of  the  Ear,  Nose,  Chest,  and  Throat :   605 
North  Charles  street,  Baltimore,  Md. 
i6a 


246  An  Account  of  Bcllcvne  Hospital. 

MacLaren,  William  Stevenson, 

4th  Medical  Division,  1891,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1886;  A.  M.,  1889;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1889. 

General  Medicine:  Litchfield,  Conn. 

Maddux,  Thomas  Hodges,  .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1855,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1854. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Flat  Shoals,  Ga. ; 
Jamestown,  Ala. ;  New  Orleans,  and  Baker,  La. 

General  Medicine:   Baker,  La. 

Magnin,  Ami  Jacques,  .    .  2d  Surgical  Division,  1882,  II. 

B.  S.,  University  of  Geneva,  Switzerland,  1878;  A.  B., 
1878;  A.  M.,  1878  ;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1881  ;  Faculte  de 
Medecine  de  Paris,  1886;  Visiting  Physician,  French 
Hospital,  1887-89;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital Dispensary,  Genito-urinary  Diseases,  1888-89; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Vanderbilt  Clinic,  1888-89;  Secre- 
tary, Surgical  Section,  N.  Y.  Academy  of  Medicine, 
1888-89;  Medical  Examiner,  Equitable  Life  Assur- 
ance Society,  in  Paris,  since  1889.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City  ;   Paris,  France. 

General  Medicine  :  47  Rue  Cambon,  Paris,  France. 

Mandeville,  Dorrance  Kirkland, 

2d  Surgical  Division,    1854,  II. 

A.  B.,  Hamilton  College,  1849;  A.  M.,  1852;  M.  D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1853;  Physician, 
Protestant  Orphan  Asylum,  Mobile,  Ala.,  1854-64;  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Marine  Hospital,  1863  ;  Visiting  Physician, 
Maternity  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  since  1879.  Resi- 
dence since  leaving  the  hospital,  Mobile,  Ala.,  1854-66; 
Clinton,  N.  Y.,  1866-76;  and  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  since 
1876. 

Address:    15  Fourth  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Marshall,  t  Edward  Gardner,^ 1862,  II. 

Probably  resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1861  ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  124th 
Regiment,  New-York  Volunteer  Infantry,  1862-63. 


Inte7'nes.  247 

Marshall,*  Guy  Carleton,  .    Surgical  Division,  1852,  II. 

M.  D.,  Geneva  (N.  Y.)  Medical  College,  1850;  in 
practice  in  New-York  City,  1852-60;  Surgeon,  Berdan 
Sharp-shooters,  1861-62;  taken  prisoner  during  the 
Seven  Days'  Battle  in  Virginia  and  sent  to  Libby  Prison  ; 
released  in  1862.  Born  near  Cooperstown,  N.  Y.  ;  died 
in  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New- York  City,  July,  1862; 
cause,  pulmonary   tuberculosis. 

Martin,  William  Hammet,  ist  Medical  Division,  1862,  II. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1857;  A.  M.,  i860;  M.  D.,  1861  ; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at  Fort  Schuyler, 
N.  Y.,  Chester,  Penn.,  and  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo., 
1862-64;  Surgeon,  17th  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y., 
1867-69;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Peter's  Hospital, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1876-84.  Author  of  various  articles 
on  obstetrical  subjects  in  Trans.  Med.  Soc.  Kings  Co. 
(N.  Y.).  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New 
Rochelle,  N.  Y. ;  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  ;  and  Madison,  N.  J. 

General  Medicine  :   Madison,  N.  J. 

Martinez,  Juan  Jose,  .    ,    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1889,  I. 

At  College  of  Granada,  Nicaragua,  1872-82;  South 
Penge  Park  College,  London,  Eng.,  1882-84;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1887. 

General  Medicine:   Granada,  Nicaragua,  C.  A. 

Mason,*  Erskine, ist  Surgical  Division,  1861,  I. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1857;  A.  M.,  i860;  M,  D.,  i860; 
Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Columbia,  1860- 
1866;  Demonstrator,  1866-70;  Adjunct  Professor  of 
Surgery,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1871-75  ; 
Professor  of  Clinical  Surgery,  1875-76;  Professor  of 
Clinical  Surgery,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
1878-82 ;  Clinical  Assistant  and  Assistant  Surgeon, 
New-York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1868-71  ;  Visiting 
Surgeon,  Charity  Hospital,  1866-75;  Bellevue  Hospital, 
1875-82;  Roosevelt  Hospital,  1872-81  ;  New-York  Col- 
ored Home  and  Hospital,  1868-82;  Consulting  Sur- 
geon, St.  Mary's  Free  Hospital  for  Children,  1871-82; 
President,  New- York  Pathological  Society,  1873-74; 
Author  of  "Imperforate  Anus,"  Faculty  Prize  Essay, 
Columbia   (Med.   Dept.),  i860;     "On   Operation    for 


248  A  71  Accou7it  of  Bcllevue  Hospital. 

Strangulated  Hernia  witliout  Opening  the  Sac,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Rcc,  1868;  "  Holden's  Manual  of  Anatomy,  with 
Notes  and  Additions,"  R.  M.  DeWitt,  N.  Y.,  1868; 
'*  Strangulated  Hernia  Reduced  en  Masse,"  N.  Y.  Med. 
Times,  1870;  "  On  Lumbar  Colotomy  ";  "Perityphli- 
tis," N.  Y.  Med.  Rcc,  1876;  "  On  Amputation  at  the 
Hip  Joint,  with  two  Successful  Cases."  Born  in  New- 
York  City,  1837;  died  in  New- York  City,  April  13, 
1882;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  chronic  nephritis. 

Mathews,  Edward  Frost,  .  ist  Medical  Division,  1855,  I. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1854; 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  Mail  S.  S.  Co.,  between  Havana,  Cuba, 
and  Colon,  1855-57. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:   Port  Chester,  N.  Y. 

Maury,  Richard  Brooke,  .  3d  Medical  Division,  1859,  I. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1851-52;  M.  D.,  1857; 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1858;  Surgeon, 
28th  Mississippi  Regiment,  C.  S.  A.,  in  charge  of  hos- 
pitals at  Brookhaven  and  Lauderdale  Springs,  Miss., 
and  Greenville,  Ala. ;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Memphis 
Medical  College,  1869  ;  Professor  of  Theory  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine,  1871-73;  Professor  of  Gynaecology, 
Memphis  Hospital  Medical  College,  since  1884;  Presi- 
dent, Board  of  Education,  Memphis,  Tenn.,  1875.  Au- 
thor of  "Report  of  Epidemic  of  Dengue  in  Port  Gibson, 
Miss.,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  1861  ;  "  Cases  of  Hepatic  Abs- 
cess," idem,  1867  ;  "  Hypodermic  Injections  of  Quinine 
in  Malarial  Fevers,"  Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc  ,  1868; 
"Topical  Medication  in  Treatment  of  Dysentery,"  N. 
Y.  Med.  Jour.,  March,  1876;  "Fevers  of  Mississippi 
Valley:  Chnical  Contribution,"  Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc, 
April,  1881  ;  "  Antiseptic  Midwifery,"  Trans.  Tenn. 
State  Med.  Soc,  1882;  "Case  of  Tubal  Pregnancy, 
with  Remarks," /V/t';«,  1884;  "Peri-uterine  Inflamma- 
tion," Amer.  Sys.  Gynaec,  Lea  Bros.  &  Co.,  1889; 
"Reports  of  Abdominal  Sections,"  Miss.  Val.  Med. 
Mon.,  1886  &  1887;  Pittsb.  Med.  Rev.,  1888;  Mem- 
phis Med.  Mon.,  March,  1888.  Residence  since  leaving 
the  hospital,  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  1859-61,  and  Mem- 
phis, Tenn.,  since  1867. 

Diseases  of  Women :  1 1 1  Court  street,  Memphis, Tenn. 


Internes.  249 

Maury,*  Rutson, 3d  Medical  Division,  1888,  II. 

B.  S.,  College  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1884;  M. 
D.,  Bellevue,  1887  ;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Obstet- 
rics and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  1890-92.  Born  in  Milton, 
N.  C,  August  15,  1865  ;  died  in  New-York  City,  May 
5,  1892;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 

McAlpin,  David  Hunter,  Jr.,  3d  Medical  Division,  1890,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1885;  A.  M.,  1888;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1888;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dis- 
pensary, Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Lungs,  since  1891  ; 
Assistant  Instructor,  Carnegie  Laboratory,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College  since  1892;  Assistant  to 
Chair  of  Pathology  since  1892  ;  Visiting  Physician, 
Workhouse  and  Almshouse  Hospitals,  1S93. 

General  Medicine :  40  West  40th  street,  New-York 
City. 

McBride,*  Thomas  C  2d  Medical  Division,  1872,  I. 

Alexander,  (  2d  Surgical  Division,  1872,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1871  ;  House  Physician,  New- 
York  Dispensary;  Attending  Physician,  New-York 
Hospital  Dispensary;  Visiting  Physician,  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital, 1885-86  ;  Lecturer  on  Symptomatology,  Colum- 
bia, 1875  ;  Examiner  on  Pathology  and  the  Practice  of 
Medicine,  1880;  Clinical  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Dis- 
eases of  the  Mind  and  Nervous  System,  1880.  Born  in 
Sandusky,  O.,  1844;  died  on  board  S.  S.  Alter  on  the 
way  to  New-York,  August  31,  1886;  cause,  chronic 
nephritis. 

McBURNEY,   Charles,  ...    2d  Surgical  Division,  1870,  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1866;  A.  M.,  1869;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1870;  in  Europe,  1871-73  ;  Assistant  Demonstrator 
of  Anatomy,  Columbia,  1872-74;  Demonstrator,  1875- 
1880;  Instructor  in  Operative  Surgery,  1880-89;  Ad- 
junct Professor  of  Surgery,  1888-89;  Professor,  1889- 
1892;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1882-88; 
St.  Luke's  Hospital,  1875-88;  Consulting  Surgeon,  St. 
Luke's,  since  1888;  New-York  Orthopaedic  Dispensary 
and  Hospital  since  1880;    Visiting  Surgeon,  Colored 


250  An  Account  of  Bellcvnc  Hospital. 

Home  and  Hospital,  1887-89;  Consulting  Surgeon  since 
1889 ;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Hospital,  since 
18S7  ;  Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Crippled  since  1889; 
Visiting  Surgeon,  Roosevelt  Hospital,  1888-92. 

General  Surgery :  28  West  37th  street,  New-York  City. 

McCann,  Thomas, 3d  Surgical  Division,  i 

At  Washington  and  Jefferson,  1883;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1886;  Assistant  Visiting  Surgeon,  West  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  since  1888;  Mercy 
Hospital,  1888-90;  Visiting  Surgeon,  latter,  since  1890; 
Surgeon,  P.  &  L.  E.  R.  R.,  since  1888  ;  P.  R.  R.  and 
B.  &  O.  R.  R.  since  1890;  Lecturer  on  Orthopaedic 
Surgery,  West  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  spring 
term,  since  1888. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  928  Penn  Avenue, 
Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

McCORD,'^  Russell,  ....    2d  Medical  Division,  1854,  II. 

At  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina, 
1851-52;  M.  D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1853;  in 
Brazil  in  1873. 

McCoy,  John  Cresap,    .    .     ist  Medical  Division,  1880,  II. 
M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1879. 

McCreery,J  George,    .    .    .   2d  Surgical  Division,  i8yg,  I. 

Left  the  hospital  while  House  Surgeon.  A.  B.,  St. 
John's  College,  Fordham,  N.  Y.,  1874;  A.  ISL,  1876; 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1877  ;  First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1880-85  !  Captain  and  Assistant 
Surgeon  since  1885. 

Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  care  Sur- 
geon-General's Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

McCreery,  John  A.,    .    .    .     ist  Medical  Division,  1872,1. 

A.  B.,  St.  John's  College,  Fordham,  N.  Y.,  1867;  A. 
M.,  1868;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1871  ;  ^L  R.  C.  S.,  Eng., 
1874;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Vincent's  Hospital,  since 
1887. 

General  Medicine:  350  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York   City. 


Internes.  2  5 1 

McEwEN,  Robert  Charles,  .  2d  Medical  Division,  1858,  I. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1853;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1856;  Assistant  and  Acting  Surgeon, 
17th  Regiment,  Connecticut  Volunteers,  1862-68;  Pres- 
ident, Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Saratoga; 
Member  of  the  Council,  New- York  State  Medical  Asso- 
ciation. Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Spring- 
field, Mass.;  Stratford,  Conn.;  and  Saratoga  Springs, 
N.  Y. 

General  Medicine :  i  Franklin  Square,  Saratoga 
Springs,  N.  Y. 

McGlFFERT,  Edgar  Nelson,  4th  Medical  Division,  1887,  II. 

A.  B,,  Hamilton  College,  1880;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1886.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York 
City;  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  1887-88;  and  Duluth,  Minn., 
since  1888. 

General  Medicine:  i  West  Superior  street,  Duluth, 
Minn. 

MclNTOSH,  James  Higgins,  .   4th  Medical  Division,  1890,  I. 

A.  B.,  Newberry  (S.  C.)  College,  1884;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1888;  at  Johns  Hopkins  University,  1884-86. 
General  Medicine:  Newberry,  S.  C. 

McKiM,  WlLLL\M  Duncan,    4th  Surgical  Division,  1879,  II. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1875  ;  A.  M.,  1878;  M.  D.,  1878; 
at  University  of  Vienna,  1879-81;  University  of  Wurz- 
burg,  1880;  Attending  Surgeon,  Northern  Dispensary, 
1882;  Attending  Physician,  New-York  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  the  Nose  and  Throat,  1882;  Visiting 
Physician  and  Surgeon,  Newport  Hospital,  Newport, 
R.  L,  1883;  Assistant  Attending  Surgeon,  Roosevelt 
Hospital  Dispensary,  New-York  City,  1883-85;  Visiting 
Physician  and  Surgeon,  French  Hospital,  since  1888; 
Lecturer  on  Operative  Surgery,  New-York  Post-graduate 
Medical  School,  1883-84;  Professor,  1884-85;  Instruc- 
tor in  the  Anatomical  Basis  of  Gynsecology,  1885-87; 
Major  and  Surgeon,  ist  Brigade,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  since 
1888.  Author  of  "The  Present  Status  of  Laparo- 
elytrotomy,  with  Report  of  a  Successful  Case,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Jour.,  Dec,  1887.    Residence  since  leaving  the 


252  Afi  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

hospital,  Newport,  R.  I.,  1882-83  ;  and  New- York  City 
since  1883. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  75 1  Madison  Avenue, 
New-York  City. 

McLean,  Malcolm,    ....    2d  Surgical  Division,  1870,  I. 

AL  D.,  Columbia,  1869;  at  general  hospitals  in  Lon- 
don and  Paris,  1873;  Examining  Physician,  Department 
of  Public  Charities  and  Correction,  New- York  City, 
1870;  Visiting  Gynaecologist,  Infants'  Hospital,  since 
1884;  Consulting  since  1890;  Surgeon  in  charge  of 
St.  Andrew's  Infirmary  for  Women,  1888-89.  Author 
of  "The  Management  of  Placenta  Praevia,"  1886; 
"Dystocia  Caused  by  Occipito-posterior  Position  of 
the  Head,"  1887;  "Dystocia  Caused  by  Tumors  of 
the  Foetal  Arm,"  1889. 

General  Medicine,  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Wo- 
men :   29  East  126th  street,  New- York  City. 

McMaster,  Nathaniel  G.,  .  3d  Surgical  Division,  1870,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  Toronto,  1867;  Bellevue,  1868; 
at  University  of  Marburg,  1870;  Berlin,  187 1  ;  Vienna 
and  Paris,  1872;  Resident  Physician,  Workhouse  and 
Almshouse  Hospitals,  New-York  City,  1874;  New-York 
State  Emigrants' Hospital,  1875;  House  Surgeon  and 
Chief  of  Staff,  St.  Francis'  Hospital,  1876;  Assistant 
Sanitary  Inspector,  New-York  City  Health  Department, 
1876;  Acting  Assistant  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  the  Throat,  1878;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of 
Diseases  of  the  Skin,  University  of  the  City  of  New- 
York,  1879;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Digestive  Organs,  1880;  Secre- 
tary, Physicians'  Mutual  Aid  Association,  1886;  2d 
Vice-president,  1891  ;  Attending  Physician  Demilt  Dis- 
pensary, General  Medicine,  since  1892. 

General  Medicine:  322  East  15th  street,  New- York 
City. 

McMASTERS,t  David  M.,  .    .  ^d  Medical  Division,  i8jj,  II. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Washing- 
ton and  Jefferson,  1868;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1871;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  i8th  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  P.,  Duquesne 
Greys,  1874-77;    Surgeon,  1877-81;    City  Physician, 


Internes.  253 

Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  East  End  District,  1875-77;  Exam- 
ining Surgeon,  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  1875-86;  Sur- 
geon P.  C.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.,  1884-87 ;  Medical  Examiner, 
New-York  Life,  Mutual  Life  (N.  Y.),  and  Grand  Cen- 
tral insurance  companies,  Royal  Arcanum,  and  Ameri- 
can Legion  of  Honor,  1891.  Residence  since  leaving 
the  hospital,  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  1873-81;  Midway, 
Penn.,  1881-88;  and  Pittsburgh  since  1888. 

General  Medicine:  Linden  and  Penn  Avenues,  Pitts- 
burgh, Penn. 

McPhail,  Leonard  C,  .    .    .  2d  Medical  Division,  1878,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1876;  at 
hospitals  in  Europe,  1878-79;  Attending  Physician, 
Orphan  Asylum  Society,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  since  1880; 
Brooklyn  City  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear, 
1880-82;  Diseases  of  Children  since  1882  ;  Pathologist, 
Brooklyn  Hospital,  1880-87;  Medical  Examiner,  Pru- 
dential Insurance  Company  of  America,  since  1887. 
Author  of  "Excision  of  a  Rib  for  Empyema,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Rec,  1885  ;  "Stone  in  the  Bladder  Removed  by 
the  Supra-pubic  Operation,"  1885. 

General  Medicine:  127  Pierrepont  street,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

,,  ^  T  /--  (3d   Medical    Division,    1861,  I. 

Mead,*  John  Calvin,  .    .    <  "^  ^  c      •    i  t^-  •  •        .q^^^   tt 

'    -^  (  1st  Surgical  Division,   1867,  11. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1866;  Interne,  Charity  Hospital, 
New-York  City,  1867-68.  Born  in  Macon,  Ga.,  June 
II,  1844;  died  in  Charity  Hospital,  New-York  City, 
August  24,  1868;  cause,  typhoid  fever,  intestinal 
hemorrhage. 

Metcalf,  George  Reuben,    ist  Medical  Division,  1875,  II. 

A.  B.,  Amherst,  1872;  A.  M.,  1875  ;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1874;  at  University  of  Berlin,  1875-76;  Instructor 
in  Materia  Medica,  Syracuse  (N.  Y.)  University,  1877- 
1878;  Curator  and  Librarian,  1878-79;  Professor  of 
Therapeutics  and  Clinical  Medicine,  1879-81  ;  Visiting 
Physician,  House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  1877-81  ; 
Medical  Director,  Hudson  River  Tunnel,  New-York 
City,  1882;  Surgeon,  Northern  Pacific  R.  R.,  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  since  1883.     Residence  since  leaving  the  hospi- 


2  54  ^^^  Account  of  Bel  lev  uc  Hospital. 

tal,  Syracuse,  N.   Y.  ;   New-York  City,  and  St.   Paul, 
Minn. 

General  Medicine  :  i  lo  West  Fourth  street,  St.  Paul, 
Minn. 

Metcalfe,*  Francis  Johnston, 

2d  Medical  Division,  1871,  II. 

M.  D. ,  Columbia,  1871  ;  at  Vienna  General  Hospi- 
tal; Hotcl-Dicu,  Necker,  Children's  and  St.  Louis 
Hospitals,  Paris;  Charite  and  Langcnbcck's  Hospitals, 
Berlin ;  St.  Thomas  and  London  Throat  Hospitals, 
London ;  Santa  Maria  Nuova,  Florence.  Residence 
after  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City  and  Flor- 
ence, Italy.  Born  in  1850;  died  in  Florence,  Italy, 
Feb.  7,  1892;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia.  Son  of 
John  T.  Metcalfe,  Consulting  Physician. 

MiLBANK,  Robert, 1st  Medical  Division,  1880,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1878; 
Curator,  Charity  Hospital,  New-York  City,  1880-85  ; 
Attending  Physician,  Dispensary  of  the  Church  of  the 
Holy  Communion,  1881-82  ;  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispen- 
sary, General  Medicine,  1880-84;  Visiting  Physician, 
New-York  Infant  Asylum,  1886-93. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Children:  154 
West  48th    street.  New- York   City. 

Miller,  Casper  Otto,    .    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1883,  II. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1877-78;  M.  D.,  1880; 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1881  ;  at  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  1885-87.  Residence  since  leaving 
the  hospital.  New  Market,  Va.,  1884-85,  and  Baltimore, 
Md.,  since  1885. 

General  Medicine :  836  North  Eutaw  street,  Balti- 
more, Md. 

MiLLiKiN,*  Murray  Gaylord, 

3d  Medical  Division,  1871,  I  &  II. 

Attended  Miami  University  and  Delaware  (O.)  Col- 
lege; M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1869;  in  practice  in  New-York 
City,  1873-74.  Born  in  Hamilton,  O.,  June  14,  1849; 
died  there,  July  14,  1874;  cause,  chronic  nephritis. 


Internes.  255 

Mills,  Theodore  Denton,    ist  Surgical  Division,  1877,  II. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1874;  A.  M.,  1877;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1876;  at  Post-graduate  Medical  School  and  Hos- 
pital, 1886-87;  Health  Officer,  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y., 
1879;  Medical  Examiner,  N.  Y.  O.  &  W.  R.  R.,  Mid- 
dletown  to  Liberty,  N.  Y.,  since  1883.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital,  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.,  1877-81,  and 
Middletown,  N.  Y,,  since  1881. 

General  Medicine,  Surgery,  and  Diseases  of  the  Eye 
and  Ear:   Middletown,  N.  Y. 


Minor,  Solomon  Carrington, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1893,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale  College,  1873;  M.  D.,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1892. 

Address:    13  Cottage  street,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

Mitchell,  John  Waite,    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1872,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1871  ;  Attending  Surgeon,  Rhode 
Island  Hospital  Dispensary,  Providence,  R.  I.,  1873-75  ; 
Visiting  Physician,  Rhode  Island  Hospital,  1875-83  ; 
Visiting  Surgeon  since  1883;  President,  Rhode  Island 
Emergency  and  Hygienic  Association,  since  1888; 
Providence  Medical  Association,  1886-88;  Rhode  Is- 
land Medical  Society,  1889;  Trustee  and  Consulting 
Physician,  Providence  Lying-in  Hospital;  Consulting 
Physician,  St.  Elizabeth's  Home ;  Rhode  Island  Cath- 
olic Orphan  Asylum. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  227  Benefit  street, 
Providence,  R.  I. 

Mitchell,  Sollace,    ...    3d  Surgical  Division,  1886,  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1883;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1885  ;  Chief 
Surgeon,  Jacksonville,  Tampa  &  Key  West  Railway 
System,  since  1887;  Surgeon  in  charge  of  Sand  Hills 
Yellow  Fever  Hospital,  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  during  the 
epidemic  of  1888  ;  Chief  of  Medical  Staff,  Schumacher 
Hospital,  1891  ;  Consulting  Surgeon,  South  Florida 
Sanitarium,  Sanford,  Fla.,   1891. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  95  West  Forsyth 
street,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 


256  An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

MOLA,*  Emelio  L.,    .    .    .    .     3d  Surgical  Division,  1864,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellcvue,  1862;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Dispensary,  1867;  in  practice  for  some  years 
in  Peru  ;  subsequently  in  New-York  City,  and  later  still 
in  Cuba.  Died  in  Puerto  Principe,  Cuba,  1887;  cause, 
pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

MoLLER,*  George  Henry,  Jr.,  3d  Medical  Division,  1881,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1880;  at  General  Hospital, 
Vienna,  1881-82;  in  mercantile  business,  1882-92. 
Born  in  New-York  City,  1854;  died  in  New-York  City, 
-May  25,  1892;  cause,  cerebral  meningitis. 

Moneypenny,  John Surgical  Division.  1852,  I. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1847;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1850;  Attending  Physician,  New-York 
Dispensary,  1852-53  ;  Surgeon,  U.  S.  Volunteers,  1862- 
1863;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1863-65; 
at  General  Hospital,  Hampton,  Va.,  and  Newberne, 
N.  C,  as  volunteer  in  the  yellow  fever  epidemic  of  1864. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City, 
1852-61  ;  Cambridge,  N.  Y.,  since  1865. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :   Cambridge,  N.  Y. 

Montgomery,*  Frank,  ...  2d  Surgical  Division,  1881,  I. 

At  Washington  and  Lee  College,  1869-74;  A.  B., 
Yale,  1876;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1879;  traveling  in  Europe, 
1881-83  ;  ^t  University  of  Vienna,  1882  ;  in  practice  in 
New- York  City,  1883-84;  retired  on  account  of  ill 
health,  1884-85.  Born  in  Paris,  France,  March  26, 
1854;  died  in  New-York  City,  November,  1885  ;  cause, 
pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Moore,  John, Surgical  Division.  1851,   I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Indiana,  1845;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1850;  studying  in 
Europe,  185 1  ;  Attending  Surgeon,  New-York  Dispen- 
sary, 1852-53  ;  First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  1853-58;  Captain  and  Surgeon,  1858-62; 
Major  and  Surgeon,  1862-85  I  Medical  Director,  Central 
Grand  Division,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  1862-63;  Fifth 
Army  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  1863  ;  Department 


Internes,  257 

of  Tennessee  and  Army  of  Georgia,  1863-65;  Sherman's 
Army,  1865  ;  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  1865  ; 
Vicksburg,  Miss.,  and  Chief  Medical  Officer,  District 
of  Mississippi,  1865-66;  Lieutenant-Colonel,  1883-86; 
Brigadier-General  since  1886;  Surgeon-General,  1886- 
1890;  retired  since  1890. 

Brigadier-General,  U.  S.  A.,  retired  :  903  i6th  street, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Moore,  Thomas  Jefferson,  .  3d  Medical  Division,  1870,  I. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1858-60;  M.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1868;  State  Senator, 
North  Carolina,  1876-77;  First  Vice-President,  Medi- 
cal Society  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  1882;  Es- 
sayist, 1880;  Member  of  Medical  Examining  Board  of 
the  State  of  Virginia,  1888;  President,  Richmond  Med- 
ical and  Surgical  Society,  1888;  Orator  of  Medical 
Society  of  Virginia,  1889.  Author  of  "Pelvic  Cellulitis," 
Trans.  Med.  Soc,  State  N.  C,  1880;  "Report  on 
Scarlet  Fever,"  Trans.  Med.  Soc,  State  Va.,  1885; 
"Penetrating  Gunshot  Wounds  of  the  Abdomen," 
Trans.  Intern.  Med.  Cong.,  9th  Sess.,  Vol.  II,  p.  194. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Charlotte,  N.  C, 
and  Richmond,  Va. 

General  Medicine:  400  East  Franklin  street,  Rich- 
mond, Va. 

Morris,  Robert  Tuttle,  .    .  4th  Surgical  Division,  1884,  I. 

Preparatory  Medical  Course,  Cornell,  1876-79;  A. 
M.,  honoris  causa,  Center  College,  Ky.,  1892;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1882;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Woman's  Hos- 
pital of  the  City  of  Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  since  1887;  In- 
structor in  Surgery,  New- York  Post-graduate  Medical 
School,  1891 ;  Associate  Editor,  "New  England  Medical 
Monthly."  Author  of  "How  We  Treat  Wounds  To- 
day," Putnam,  1886;  "  Pott's  Fracture  Compared  with 
the  Fracture  of  the  Fibula  which  follows  Abduction  of 
the  Foot,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  Dec,  1887;  "Healing 
Through  the  Agency  of  Blood-clots,"  East.  Med.  Jour., 
Felj.,  1887;  "The  Results  of  Antiseptic  Surgery  as 
Shown  in  a  Series  of  One  Hundred  Operations,"  Ann. 
Surg. ,  1 886  ;  "  Exploratory  Operation  in  Fracture  of  the 
Cervical  Vertebrae,"  ?rtV;/z,  1886;  "Antiseptic  Surgery 
at  Bellevue  Hospital,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  1884;  "A 
17 


258  A?i  Account  of  BcLlevuc  Hospital. 

Scries  of  One  Hundred  Joint  Resections  at  Saxtorph's 
Clinic,"  Trans,  from  Danish,  N.  Eng.  Med.  Mon., 
1886;  "The  Technique  of  Knee-joint  Resection," Trans, 
from  German,  idem,  1886;  "  Malignant  Disease  of  the 
Navel  as  a  Secondary  Complication,"  Trans.  Intern. 
Med.  Cong.,  loth  Sess. ;  "Healing  by  Clot-Replace- 
ment: Osteotomy  for  Bow  Legs,"  Practice,  1889  ;  *'The 
Mechanism  and  Anatomical  Features  of  Subluxation 
of  the  Head  of  the  Radius,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1889; 
''  The  Action  of  Trypsin,  Pancreatic  Extract,  and  Pep- 
sin upon  Sloughs,"  etc.,  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1891  ;  "A 
Third  Series  of  One  Hundred,"  etc.,  N.  Eng.  Med. 
Mon.  1891  ;  "A  Fourth  Series,"  etc..  Post-grad.  Oct., 
1892;  "The  Removal  of  Carious  and  Necrotic  Bone 
with  Hydrochloric  Acid  and  Pepsin,"  Trans.  South. 
Surg,  and  Gyn.  Assoc,  1892. 

Mechanical  and  Operative  Surgery:  133  West  34th 
street.  New- York  City. 

Morrow,  Samuel  Roseburgh, 

1st  Surgical  Division,    1879,   I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1870;  A.  M.,  1874;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1878;  honoris  causa,  Albany,  1883;  at  London  Hospi- 
tal, London,  General  Hospital,  Vienna,  and  at  Halle, 
1879-80;  Lecturer  on  Minor  Surgery,  Albany  (N.  Y.) 
Medical  College,  spring  term,  1881-82  ;  Adjunct  Lec- 
turer to  the  Chair  of  Surgery,  1884-86;  Adjunct  Pro- 
fessor, 1886-88;  and  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  1887-89; 
Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Orthopsedic  Surgery  since 
1890;  Visiting  Surgeon,  St.  Peter's  Hospital,  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  since  1881  ;  Albany  Hospital  since  1886;  Child's 
Hospital  since  1886;  Vice-President,  Medical  Society 
of  the  County  of  Albany,  1886-87.  Author  of  "  Five 
Cases  of  Knock-knee  Treated  by  Macewen's  Method," 
Albany  Med.  Ann.,  July,  1886;  "Remarks  on  Intes- 
tinal Obstruction,"  ide7n,  Oct.,  1887. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  29  South  Hawk 
street,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

MULLIKEN,*  Edward,  t  .    .    .    .  Medical  Division,  185 1,  II. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Harvard, 
1846;  A.  M.,  1853;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1850.     Died  in  1857. 


Internes.  259 

MuNKWiTZ,  Frank  Hermann,  3d  Surgical  Division,  1 891,  II 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1890;  in  Berlin,  1892. 
Address :  469  Juneau  Place,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

MuNROE,  George  Edmund,  4th  Surgical  Division,  1878,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1874;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1877;  House 
Surgeon,  Woman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of  New-York, 
1880-81  ;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  Women,  New-York 
Post-graduate  School,  1886-87;  Attending  Physician, 
Presbyterian  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Women, 
since  1888. 

General  Medicine :  43  East  33d  street,  New-York 
City. 

Murdoch,  James  Bissett,  .   2d  Surgical  Division,  1855,  I. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1854; 
Surgeon,  Steamer  North  Star,  1855;  24th  Regiment, 
New-York  Volunteers,  1861-62;  Board  of  Enrolment, 
22d  District,  State  of  New-York,  1865  ;  City  Physician, 
Oswego,  N.  Y.,  1864;  President,  Medical  Society  of  the 
County  of  Oswego,  1865  ;  Surgeon,  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital,  Pittsburgh,  since  1872;  Professor  of 
Clinical  Surgery,  Western  Pennsylvania  Medical  Col- 
lege, since  1886;  President  Allegheny  County  (Penn.) 
Medical  Society,  1884;  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  1888.  Author  of  "Relative  Value  of 
Manipulation  and  Extension  in  Reduction  of  Disloca- 
tions of  the  Hip,"  Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  Penn.,  1886; 
"Operations  upon  the  Foot,  Especially  Chopart's": 
Address  in  Surgery,  idem,  1887;  "Amputations  Con- 
sidered with  Reference  to  the  Proper  Time  for  their  Per- 
formance," Pitts.  Med.  Jour.,  Vol.  I,  p.  85  ;  "Torsion 
as  a  Haemostatic,"  Pitts.  Med.  Rev.,  Vol.  I,  p.  8. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Oswego,  N.  Y., 
1856-72;  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  since  1872. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  4232  Fifth  Avenue, 
Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

Murray,  Robert  Alexander, 

2d  Medical  Division,  1874,  II,  &  1875,  I. 

B.  S.,  College  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1871  ;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1873;  Attending 


26o  An  Account  of  Bcllcvne  Hospital. 

Physician,  Northwestern  Dispensary,  New-York  City, 
Diseases  of  Women,  1876-83  ;  Visiting  Physician, 
Workhouse  and  Almshouse  Hospitals,  1880-84;  Visit- 
ing Oljstetrician,  Maternity  Hospital,  since  1884;  As- 
sistant Professor  of  Obstetrics,  University  of  the  City  of 
New-York,  1876-86;  Instructor  in  Obstetrics,  New-York 
Polyclinic,  1887-88.  Author  of  various  articles  on  ob- 
stetrical subjects  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Women  :  235 
West   23d   street,   New-York   City. 

NAMMACK,t  William  H,,    .    j^d  Medical  Division,  i88j,  11. 

Left  the  hospital  while  House  Physician.  A.  B.,  Col- 
lege of  the  City  of  New-York,  1881  ;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1886. 

General  Medicine :  1 1  Rutgers  street,  New-York  City. 

Nash,*  Frederick, Medical  Division,  1852,  I. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1846;  A.  M.,  later;  M.  D.,  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1850;  Assistant  Phy- 
sician, New-York  State  Lunatic  Asylum,  Utica,  1857- 
1858.  Born  in  1827  ;  died  inBonchurch,  Isle  of  Wight, 
June  16,  1 861  ;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Nealis,*  William  Thomas,  4th  Medical  Division,  1863,  II. 

A.  B.,  St.  Joseph's  College,  Zanesville,  O.,  1858; 
M.  D.,  Columbia,  1862;  Surgeon,  69th  Regiment,  N. 
G.  S.  N.  Y.,  Corcoran's  Legion  ;  mentioned  for  bravery 
in  general  orders.  Physician,  City  Prison,  New-York 
City,  1865-73  ;  in  practice  in  New-York  City,  1865-79. 
Born  in  New-York  City,  February  12,  1841  ;  died  in 
New-York,  January  15,  1879;  cause,  cirrhosis  of  the 
liver,  pleuritis. 

Nelden,  Harry  Holcombe,  .  3d  Surgical  Division,  1893,  I. 

M.D.,  Bellevue,  1891. 
Address:   Stanhope,  N.  J. 

Nichols,  Arthur  Edward,    ist  Surgical  Division,  1882,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1880. 

Electrical  Business:  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Internes.  261 

NiCOLL,  Henry  Denton,  .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1867,  II. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1863;  A.  M.,  1866;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1866;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Woman's  Hospital  of 
State  of  New-York. 

General  Medicine:  51  East  57th  street,  New-York 
City. 

NoRCOM,*  Frederick  B.,|   .   3d  Medical  Division,  1855,  II. 

Left  the  hospital  while  House  Physician.  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1854;  in  practice 
in  Chicago,  111.,  1855-61;  and  again,  1865-89;  Sur- 
geon, C.  S.  A.,  1861-65;  Surgeon  to  the  Army  of  the 
Tennessee.  Born  in  New-York,  April,  1830;  died  in 
Chicago,  111.,  January  20,  1890;  cause,  influenza. 

Norris,  Henry  Selden,    .    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1877,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1876; 
Clinical  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Diseases  of  Women, 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1878-83  ;  Attend- 
ing Physician,  New-York  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren, 1878-79;  New- York  Dispensary  for  Diseases  of 
Children  (extinct),  1878-83;  Northern  Dispensary,  Dis- 
eases of  Women,  1882-87;  Visiting  Physician,  City 
(late  Charity)  Hospital,  since  1882  ;  Metropolitan  Hos- 
pital for  Nervous  Diseases,  1880-82;  Clinical  Assistant, 
Diseases  of  Women,  New-York  Polyclinic,  1884-86. 

General  Medicine:  123  West  34th  street,  New-York 
City. 


OAKES,t  Wallace  Kilbourne, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  iSjj,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Bowdoin, 
1870;  A.  M.,  1874;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1873;  Examin- 
ing Surgeon,  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  Auburn,  Me., 
1882-85  ;  Major  and  Surgeon,  National  Guard,  State  of 
Maine,  1884;  President,  Androscoggin  County  (Me.) 
Medical  Association,  1885  ;  Medical  Director,  Maine 
Benefit  Life  Insurance  Association,  since  1887;  Orator, 
Maine  Medical  Association,  1888;  City  Physician,  Au- 
burn ;  President,  Common  Council. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  Auburn,  Me. 


262  An  Accojint  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

O'Byrne,  William  J.,    .    .    .     2d  Surgical  Division,  1871,  I. 

A.  B.,  St.  John's  College,  Fordham,  N.  Y.,  1866; 
A.  M.,  1868;  M.  D.,  Bellcvue,  1870;  Inspector,  New- 
York  City  Health  Department,  1880-83;  Physician  to 
St.  John's  College  and  St.  Joseph's  Institute  for  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  328  Alexander 
Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Olds,  Frank  Williams,  .    .   4th  Surgical  Division,  1882,  I. 

At  Williams,  1876;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1880;  At- 
tending Physician  and  Surgeon,  St.  Chrysostom's 
Chapel  Dispensary,  since  1882.  Author  of  "  Outline 
Note-  and  Case-book  for  Students  and  Practitioners," 
1885. 

General  Medicine:  26  West  71st  street,  New-York 
City. 

Olmsted,*  George  Herschel,  ist  Medical  Division,  1864.,  I. 

Died  while  House  Physician.  At  Sodus  (N.  Y.) 
Academy,  1857;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1862;  in  printing 
business  in  Jonesville,  Mich.,  1858;  studying  medicine 
in  Newark,  N.  J.,  1859;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U. 
S.  A.,  serving  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  1861.  Born 
September  4,  1839;  died  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  Decem- 
ber 16,  1863;  cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  from  a 
single  case  in  a  general  medical  ward.  Relative  of 
Henry  King  Olmsted  (1852,  I). 

Olmsted,  Henry  King,    .    .    .   Medical  Division,   1852,  I. 

A.  B.,  Trinity,  1846;  A.  M.,  1849  ;  M.  D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1851;  Assistant  Physician, 
New-York  Colored  Home  and  Hospital,  1849-50;  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Mail  Steamship  Co.,  New-York  City  to 
Colon,  1852-54;  in  general  practice  in  New-York  City 
and  East  Hartford,  Conn.,  1855-66.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital.  East  Hartford  and  Hartford,  Conn. 
Relative  of  George  Herschel  Olmsted  (1864,  I). 

Retired :  Hartford,  Conn. 

Oppenhimer,  William  Tell,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1884,  I. 

A.  B.,  Washington  and  Lee,  1878;  M.  D.,  Medical 
College  of  Virginia,   1881 ;    University  of  the  City  ot 


Internes.  263 

New-York,  1882;  Professor  of  Minor  Surgery,  Medical 
College  of  Virginia,  since  1886;  President,  Board  of 
Health,  Richmond,  Va.,  since  1888. 

General  Medicine:  106  North  Ninth  street,  Rich- 
mond, Va. 

Owsley,  §  John  BoDiNE,t iS^y,  I  or  II. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1856.  Came  from  Lancaster, 
Ky. 

Owen,   Henry  E.,    .    .    .    .     ist  Surgical  Division,  1869,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1864;   M.  D.,  Columbia,  1867. 
General  Medicine  :  40  West  5Gth  street,  New-York 
City. 

Page,   Charles, Surgical  Division,  1851,!. 

Attended  Hallowell's  School,  Alexandria,  Va.  ;  M. 
D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1850;  First 
Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1851-56; 
Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  1856-62;  Medical  Di- 
rector, Baltimore,  Md.,  1861  ;  Major  and  Surgeon, 
1862-82;  in  charge  Columbian  General  Hospital, 
Washington,  D.  C,  1862;  Medical  Director,  Hagers- 
town,  Md.,  1862-63  ;  Camp  Convalescent,  Alexandria, 
Va.,  1863-64;  Assistant  Medical  Director,  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  1864-65  ;  Medical  Director,  Second  Army 
Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  1865;  Surgeon-in-Chief, 
District  of  Northeast  Virginia,  1865  ;  Brevet  Lieutenant- 
Colonel,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
war,  1865  ;  Medical  Director,  Department  of  the  Caro- 
linas.  Department  of  the  South  and  Second  Military 
District,  1866-68;  Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Surgeon, 
1882-87;  Medical  Director,  Department  of  the  Mis- 
souri, 1884-91;  Colonel  and  Assistant  Surgeon-General 
since  1887. 

Colonel  and  Assistant  Surgeon-General,  U.  S.  A. : 
Governor's  Island,  New-York  Harbor. 

Page,  Isham  Randolph,  .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1 86 1,  I. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1855-56;  M.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1858  ;  Surgeon  of  Artil- 
lery, Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-63; 


264  A)i  Account  of  Bclievuc  Hospital. 

Medical  Director,  1863-65  ;  Professor  of  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Surgery,  Washington  University,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  1874-77.  Author  of  various  articles  in  medical 
journals.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  1865-70,  and  Baltimore,  Md.,  since  1870. 

General  Medicine:  1206  Linden  Avenue,  Baltimore, 
Md. 

Page,  Richard  Channing  Moore, 

3d  Medical  Division,  1869,  II. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1860-61,  and  1866-67; 
M.  D.,  1867;  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1868;  Private  in  Pendleton's  Virginia  Rockbridge  Bat- 
tery, Stonewall  Brigade,  1861  ;  Captain,  Morris  Artil- 
lery, Second  Corps,  Lee's  Army,  1862-64;  Major  and 
Chief  of  Artillery,  Department  of  Southwest  Virginia 
and  East  Tennessee,  1864-65  ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of 
the  Chest,  New-York  Polyclinic,  since  1886 ;  Chairman, 
Section  on  Practice  of  Medicine,  New-York  Academy  of 
Medicine,  1888-90;  Vice-President,  New-York  Acad- 
emy of  Medicine,  since  1890.  Author  of  "History  of 
the  Page,  Randolph,  Nelson,  Walker  and  Pendleton 
Families  in  Virginia,"  Jenkins  &  Thomas,  N.  Y.,  1883  ; 
"  Chart  of  Physical  Diagnosis,"  1886  ;  "  Handbook  of 
Physical  Diagnosis  of  Diseases  of  the  Organs  of  Res- 
piration and  Aortic  Aneurism,"  J.  H.  Vail  &  Co., 
1889;  "A  Practice  of  Medicine,"  Wm.  Wood  &  Co., 
1892. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Chest:  31 
West  33d  street,  New-York  City. 

Paine,  Henry  E., 2d  Surgical  Division,  1863,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1863. 
General  Medicine  :  Dixon,  III. 

Painter,  Harry  McMahon,  ist  Medical  Division,  1889,  11. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1884;  Ph.  B.,  1885;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1888;  Assistant  Attending  Physician,  Roosevelt  Hospi- 
tal Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Women,  since  1890;  At- 
tending Physician,  Midwifery  Dispensary,  since  1890. 

General  Medicine:  602  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York  City. 


Internes.  265 

Pardee,  Howard  Ashley,  .  4th  Medical  Division,  1883,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1880; 
Attending  Physician,  University  Dispensary,  Diseases 
of  Women,  1883-84;  Visiting  Physician,  Philadelphia 
(Penn. )  Home  for  Incurables,  1885-87;  Registrar, 
Philadelphia  Hospital,  Obstetrical  Division,  1886-87. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City 
and  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

General  Medicine:  3410  Baring  street,  Philadelphia, 
Penn. 


Parrish,  James, 2d  Medical  Division,  i860,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  Virginia,  1858;  University  of 
the  City  of  New-York,  1861. 

General  Medicine:  408  Middle  street,  Portsmouth, 
Va. 


Parrish,  John  Wells,  .    .    .    ist  Medical  Division,  1889,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1887. 

General  Medicine:  Johnstown,  N.  Y. 

Patchen,*  Milligan,  .    .    .    .  jd  Medical  Division,  1885,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1883;  Assistant  Sanitary  Inspector, 
New-York  City  Health  Department,  1883  ;  did  not  join 
the  house  staff.  Born  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  December  16, 
i860;  died  in  New-York  City,  July  21,  1883;  cause, 
accidental  pistol  wound. 

Paton,  Stewart, ist  MedicalDivision,  1890,  II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1886;  A.  M.,  1889;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1889;  at  University  of  Edinburgh,  1887-88; 
Medical  E.xaminer,  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society, 
1891.  Author  of  "Tetanus  and  Rabies,"  N.  Y.  Med. 
Rec,  1890,  Vol.  XXXVIII,  No.  12. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Women :  596 
Lexington  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Peaslee,  Edward  H.,  .    .    .  2d  Surgical  Division,  1877,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1872;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1875;  Belle- 
vue, 1875;  at  University  of  Berlin,  1877-78;   Assistant 


266  An  Account  of  Bellcvtie  Hospital. 

Surgeon,    New-York   State    Woman's  Hospital,    since 
1878. 

General  Medicine :  29  Madison  Avenue,  New- York 
City. 

Peck,  Anthony, 3d  Medical  Division,  1877,  I. 

A.  B.,  Hamilton  College,  1872;  M.  D. ,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1875. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  4  Sachem  Terrace, 
Norwich,  Conn. 

Peck,  Morton  Roberts,  .    .  4th  Surgical  Division,  1890,  II. 

At  Harvard,  1884-86;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1889;  As- 
sistant Attending  Surgeon,  New-York  Dispensary,  and 
in  Genito-urinary  Diseases  and  Diseases  of  the  Skin, 
since  1890  ;  Assistant,  Vanderbilt  Clinic,  General  Med- 
icine, since  1890;  New-York  Polyclinic,  Diseases  of 
Women,  since  1S90. 

General  Medicine:  66  East  126th  street.  New- York 
City. 

Peck,*  Washington  Freeman, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1863,  II. 

A.  M  ,  University  of  Wisconsin,  1872;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1863;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at 
Lincoln  General  Hospital,  Washington,  D.  C,  1863- 
1865  ;  Professor  of  Surgery  and  Clinical  Surgery,  Uni- 
versity of  Iowa,  1870-91 ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Mercy 
Hospital,  Iowa  City,  la.,  1871-91  ;  Surgeon-in-Chief, 
C,  R.  I.  &  P.  R.  R.,  1875-91;  Secretary,  Medical 
Society  State  Iowa,  1865-66;  President,  1875-76;  Presi- 
dent, Scott  County  (la.)  Medical  Society,  1873-74; 
Chairman,  Surgical  Section,  American  Medical  Associ- 
ation, 1883.  Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  jour- 
nals. Born  in  Wayne  County,  N.  Y.,  1841  ;  died  in 
Davenport,  la.,  December  12,  1891  ;  cause,  valvular 
cardiac  disease. 

Pell,  Arthur, 3d  Surgical  Division,  1877,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1873;  A.  M.,  1876;  M.  D.,  Belie- 
vue,  1876.     Brother  of  Richard  Varick  Pell  (1867,  I). 
General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  Goshen,  N.  Y. 


Internes.  267 

Pell,*  Richard  Varick,  .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  i86j,  I. 

Died  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Columbia,  1862  ; 
later,  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1865.  On  the  afternoon  of  August 
20,  1866,  Pell  visited  his  home  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and 
returned  to  the  hospital  in  the  evening  in  his  usual 
health.  On  the  following  morning  he  was  taken  with 
slight  diarrhea,  which  soon  became  choleraic ;  he  went 
into  collapse  at  7  P.  M.  the  same  day.  He  remained 
comatose  until  4  A.  M.  on  the  22d,  when  he  died  in  his 
own  room  in  the  hospital.  Born  in  Barbadoes,  N.  J., 
July  28,  1843  ;  died  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  August  22, 
1866;  cause,  Asiatic  cholera,  contracted  in  the  hospi- 
tal.    Brother  of  Arthur  Pell  (1877,  I). 

Pennington,  John  Condict,   2d  Surgical  Division,  1876,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1871;  A.  M.,  1874;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1875.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital. 
Cold  Spring,  N.  Y. ;  Newark,  N.  J. ;  Andover,  Mass. ; 
Colorado  Springs,  Col.  ;  and  Morristown,  N.  J. 

Retired:   Morristown,  N.  J. 

Perry,  James  Leonard, 

3d  Medical  Division,  1873,  II,  &  1874,  I. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1863;  B.  S.,  Lawrence  Scientific, 
1868;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1872;  Interne,  Woman's  Hos- 
pital of  the  State  of  New-York,  1877-79  ;  Clinical  As- 
sistant to  the  Chair  of  Practice  of  Medicine,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  1872-77;  Assistant  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases 
of  Children,  1874;  Attending  Physician,  1875;  Visiting 
Gynecologist,  Infants'  Hospital,  Randall's  Island,  New- 
York  City,  1880-82. 

Diseases  of  Women  :  79  West  47th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Peugnet,*  Eugene  Emile  Ramsey, 

3d  Surgical  Division,  i860,  II. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1858; 
Assistant  Physician,  Infants'  Hospital,  Randall's  Island, 
New-York  City,  1860-61  ;  Surgeon,  71st  Regiment,  N. 
G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1861  ;  at  the  first  Battle  of  Bull  Run,  and 
taken  prisoner  at  Sudley  Church ;  Surgeon,  ist  Brigade, 


268  A 71  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

1st  Division,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1861-62;  in  practice  in 
Fordham,  N.  Y.,  1862-68,  and  again  1869-74;  at  Cli- 
nique  a  I'Hopital  des  Enfans  Malades,  Paris,  1868-69. 
Born  in  New-York  City,  March  17,  1837;  killed  near 
Fordham,  N.  Y.,  October,  1879,  in  an  accident  on  the 
New-York  &  Harlem  R.  R. 

PHELPS.    CHARLES,      •     -     •     S  '^    f'^'^^\    f^'^'^''°"'   'X\l  I, 
'  '  (3d  Surgical  Division,  1859,  II. 

A.  B.,  Brown,  1853;  A.  M.,  1855;  M.  D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1858;  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1861-63; 
Visiting  Surgeon,  St.  Vincent's  Hospital,  since  1870; 
Bellevue  Hospital  since  1878  ;  Chief  Surgeon,  New-York 
City  Police  Department,  since  1885  ;  President,  Society 
of  the  Alumni  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  1890-91. 

General  Surgery:  34  West  37th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Phillips,  Daniel  Russell,    4th  Stirgical  Division,  1889,  I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  Michigan,  1884;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1887. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  Care  Dr.  Sam.  Phil- 
lips, cor.  Delaware  &  Fifth  streets,  Leavenworth,  Kan. 

PiERSOX,  Stephen, ist  Medical  Division,  1870,  I. 

At  Yale,  i86i,and  in  1865;  A.  M.,  1868;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1869.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital, 
Boonton,  N.    J.,   1870-73;    Morristown,  N.    J.,   since 

1873- 
General  Medicine:  50  South  street,  Morristown,  N.  J. 

PiKFARD,  Henry  G.,  ....    2d  Surgical  Division,  1865,  II. 

A.  B.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1862; 
A.  M.,  1865;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1864;  Surgeon,  71st 
Regiment,  N.  G,  S.  N.  Y.,  1867-68;  Lecturer  on 
Urinary  Analysis,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1873;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  1875-82,  and 
since  1884;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Charity  Hospital,  1871- 
1885 ;  Consulting  Surgeon  since  1885 ;  Consulting 
Surgeon,  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  1877-89  ;  Bellevue 
Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  since  1884. 
Author  of  "A  Guide  to  Urinary  Analysis,"  \Vm.  Wood 


Internes.  269 

&  Co.,  1873;  ''Elementary  Treatise  on  Diseases  of 
the  Skin,"  Lond.  &  N.  Y.,  MacMillan  &  Co.,  1876; 
"Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  of  the  Skin,"  Wm. 
Wood  &  Co.,  1S81  ;  "  Practical  Treatise  on  Diseases  of 
the  Skin,"  D.  A.  &  Co.,  1891  ;  and  various  articles  in 
medical  journals. 

Diseases  of  the  Skin  :  10  West  35th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Pilgrim,  Charles  Winfield,  2d  Medical  Division,  1882,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1881  ;  at  General  Hospital,  Vienna, 
and  in  Munich  and  Berlin,  1885-86;  Assistant  Physi- 
cian, State  Asylum  for  Insane  Criminals,  Auburn,  N.  Y., 
1882;  Second  Assistant  Physician,  New-York  State 
Lunatic  Asylum,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  1882-88  ;  First  Assistant 
Physician,  1888-90;  Superintendent,  Willard  State  Hos- 
pital, Willard,  N.  Y, ,  since  1890;  Associate  Editor, 
"American  Journal  of  Insanity,"  1882-90.  Author  of 
"Acute  Lobar  Pneumonia  with  Cardiac  Failure," 
Independ.  Pract.,  May,  1882;  "  The  Advantages  and 
Dangers  of  Intra-uterine  Injections,"  idem,  July,  1882; 
"A  Case  of  Epileptic  Insanity  with  the  Echo  Sign  well 
Marked,"  Amer.  Jour.  Insan.,  April,  1884;  "A  Case  of 
Spontaneous  Rupture  of  the  Heart,"  idem,  Jan.,  1885  ; 
"  Pyro-mania  (so  called),  with  Report  of  a  Case,"  idem, 
April,  1885.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital.  Au- 
burn, N.  Y.,  1882;  Utica,  N.  Y.,  1882-90;  and  Wil- 
lard, N.  Y.,  since  1890. 

Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases:  Willard,  N.  Y. 

PiNGRY,  James  Oakley,  .    .    .  3d  Surgical  Division,  1870,  I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1862; 
A.  M.,  1865;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1868.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  1870; 
Mabbettsville,  N.  Y.,  1870-72;  Millbrook,  N.  Y.,  since 
1872. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  Millbrook,  Dutchess 
County,  N.  Y. 

PiXKERTON,  Samuel  H.,     .    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1885,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1883.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
hospital,  New-York  City,  and  Salt  Lake  City,  U.  T. 

General  Medicine :  236  Main  street.  Salt  Lake  City, 
U.  T. 


270  A 71  Account  of  Be/ lev uc  Hospital. 

PiNKNEV,*  Howard,    ....    3d  Surgical  Division,   1861,  I. 

A.  B. ,  New- York  Free  Academy,  1856;  A.  M.,  1859; 
M.  D.,  Columbia,  i860;  Assistant  Surgeon,  9th  Regi- 
ment, N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1861-62;  Acting  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  in  charge  of  Army  Hospital  in  Fred- 
erick City,  Va.,  1862.  In  practice  in  New-York  City 
subsequently  and  until  1888;  Attending  Surgeon,  New- 
York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  Ear  Department.  Born 
in  New-York  City,  January  9,  1838;  died  suddenly  in  a 
railway  carriage  on  the  way  to  London,  Eng.,  May,  1888. 

PiNNEY,  Royal  Watson,   .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1890,  I. 

Ph.  B.,  Yale,  1885;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1888. 
General  Medicine:   Derby,  Conn. 

Plvmpton,*  Henry  Sylvanus,  3d  Medical  Division,  1862,  H. 

At  Hopkins'  Classical  School,  Cambridge,  Mass., 
1854-57;  Lawrence  Scientific  School,  student  in  medi- 
cine, 1857;  M.  D.,  Harvard,  i860;  Columbia,  1861  ; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at  the  DcCamp 
General  Hospital,  David's  Island,  New-York  Harbor, 
1862-63;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  on  U.  S.  S. 
North  Carolina,  1863.  Born  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
March  13,  1838;  died  in  that  place,  September  25, 
1863;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia,  pulmonary  tuber- 
culosis. 

Pointer.*  Samuel  C.,t  .    .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  i8j6,  II. 

Resigned  while  House  Physician.  At  University  of 
Virginia,  1851-53;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of 
New-York,  1855;  in  practice  in  Memphis,  Tenn., 
1856-58;  retired  on  account  of  ill  health,  and  residing 
in  Pulaski,  Tenn.,  1858-59;  in  Europe,  1859-61;  in 
Texas,  1861.  Born  in  Maury  County,  Tenn.,  1834; 
died  near  Houston,  Tex.,  1861;  cause,  pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

Polk,  William  Mecklenburg, 

3d  Medical  Division,    1870,   II. 

At  Virginia  Military  Institute,  1863;  LL.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  South,  1890;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1869; 
Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1870;  Assistant  Demonstra- 


Inter7ies.  2  7 1 

tor  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
1871  ;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the  Abdominal  Organs, 
Columbia,  spring  course,  1875  ;  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica,  Therapeutics,  and  Clinical  Medicine,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  1876-79;  Professor  of  Obstet- 
rics and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  since  1879;  Visiting  Physi- 
cian, Bellevue  Hospital,  1874-82;  Visiting Gyncecologist 
since  1882;  Visiting  Physician,  Emergency  (Lying-in) 
Hospital,  since  1880;  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  1878-88; 
Consulting  Gynaecologist  since  1888;  Consuhing  Phy- 
sician, Trinity  Infirmary,  since  1878  ;  Northern  Dispen- 
sary since  1881  ;  St.  Vincent's  Hospital  since  1890. 
Author  of  "  Surgical  Anatomy  of  the  Female  Pelvic 
Organs,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1882  ;  "  Observations  upon 
the  Surgical  Anatomy  of  the  Gravid  Uterus,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Jour.,  May  3,  1884 ;  "  Report  of  Sixteen  Cases  of 
Salpingitis  Showing  its  Relation  to  Cellulitis,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Rec,  Sept.  18,  1886;  "Relation  of  Medicine  to 
the  Problem  of  Socialism,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Dec.  21, 
1889;  also  articles  in  Trans.  Amer.  Gynec.  Soc. 

Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women :  7  East  36th 
street,  New-York  City. 

Pope,  Alexander  Barnett,    ist  Medical  Division,  1886,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1884;  Attending  Physician,  Belle- 
vue Hospital  Dispensary,  General  Medicine,  1886-88; 
Demilt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Lungs, 
1888-92;  Vanderbilt  Clinic,  Diseases  of  Children, 
1888-92  ;  Instructor  in  General  Medicine  and  Diseases 
of  the  Heart  and  Lungs,  New-York  Polyclinic,  since 
1888.     Nephew  of  BolHng  A.  Pope  (1857,  I). 

General  Medicine:  126  West  45th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Pope,  Bolling  A.,    .    .    .    .     ist  Surgical  Division,  1857,  I. 

Attended  University  of  Virginia;  M.  D.,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1856;  studied  at  Paris,  Berlin, 
Vienna,  Heidelberg,  and  Wiirzburg ;  Lecturer  on  the 
Eye  and  Ear,  University  of  Louisiana,  1867-86.  Au- 
thor of  "A  Contribution  to  Physiological  Optics," 
Knapp's  Archiv.  Ophthal.,  Vol.  I,  p.  459;  "  Entoptic 
Phenomena  Connected  with  the  Circulation  of  the 
Blood,"  idem^  Vol.  I,  p.  I ;   "  Iridectomy  without  Divi- 


2/2  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

sion  of  the  Sphincter  of  the  Pupil,"  idem.  Vol.  II,  p.  87 ; 
"  Extirpation  of  the  Fibro-cartilage  of  the  Upper  Eye- 
lid for  the  Cure  of  Certain  Cases  of  Entropion  and 
Trichiasis,"  idem,  Vol.  I,  p.  10;  "The  Use  of  Acetic 
Acid  in  Affections  of  the  Conjunctiva  Corneas,"  idem, 
Vol.  I,  p.  446;  "  Mechanism  of  the  Pigmentation  of  the 
R'itina,"  Wiirzb.  Med.  Zeitsch.  ;  "  Fistula  Cornea:," 
Muller&P.,  idem;  "Retinitis  Pigmentosa,"  Ophthal. 
Hosp.  Rcpts.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  76;  various  articles  in  Re- 
ports State  Soc.  Trans.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
hospital,  New  Orleans,  La.,  and  Dallas,  Tex.  Uncle 
of  Alexander  B.  Pope  (1886,  I). 

Diseases  of  the  Eye:  609  Main  street,  Dallas,  Tex. 

Pope,  George  C, 2d  Medical  Division,  1891,  I. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1883;  M. 
D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1889. 

General  Medicine:  933  Park  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Porter,*  George, 2d  Medical  Division,  1864,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1862;  subsequently  to  leaving  the 
hospital  he  went  to  Europe,  and  on  his  return  resided 
in  Detroit,  Mich.  Reported  to  have  died  there  some 
years  ago. 

Porter,  \Villt.\m  Evelyn,  .  4th  Medical  Division,  1890,  II. 

A.  B.,  Harvard,  1885;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1888;  As- 
sistant Attending  Surgeon,  New-York  Cancer  Hospital, 
since  1890;  Instructor  in  Diseases  of  Women,  New- 
York  Polyclinic,  since  1890;  Attending  Physician, 
Northern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Women,  1892. 

General  Medicine:   50  West  33d  St.,  New- York  City. 

Powell,   Seneca  D.,  ....    2d  Medical  Division,  1871,  I. 

M.  D  ,  University  of  Virginia,  1869;  University  of 
the  City  of  New-York,  1870;  Assistant  Inspector,  New- 
York  City  Health  Department,  1871-72;  Surgeon  of 
Brigade,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1875  ;  Clinical  Assistant, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  Chair  of  Practice  of 
Medicine,  1871-72;  Attending  Physician,  Central  Dis- 
pensary, 1871-75;  Northwestern  Dispensary,  1875-79; 
Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Surgery,  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,  1878-82  ;  Lecturer  on  Surgical  Dressings, 


Internes.  273 

New- York  Post-graduate  Medical  School,  1882-83;  In- 
structor, 1883-84;  Professor  of  Minor  Surgery,  1885- 
1887;  Professor  of  Clinical  Surgery  since  1887  ;  Visit- 
ing Surgeon,  St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  since  1886;  New- 
York  Infant  Asylum  since  1887. 

General  Surgery:  12  West  40th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Pratt,  William  H.  B.,  .    .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1869,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1864;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1867;  at  uni- 
versities in  Germany,  1869-72;  Visiting  Physician, 
Methodist   Episcopal    Hospital,    Brooklyn,    N.    Y. 

General  Medicine :  94  Sixth  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 
N.   Y. 

Pray,*  Orestes  M.,    ....    2d  Surgical  Division,  1865,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1863;  studied  in  Europe  after  leav- 
ing the  hospital,  subsequently  and  until  1869  in  practice 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  ;  Clinical  Assistant,  Brooklyn  Eye 
and  Ear  Hospital,  1868-69.  Killed  in  an  accident  on 
the  Long  Island  R.  R.,  near  Jamaica,  N.  Y.,  April  3, 
1869. 

Pryer,*  William  Chardovoyne, 

3d  Surgical  Division,  1863,  I.  &  II. 

Attended  Columbia  (Academic  Department).  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1862;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
at  De  Camp  General  Hospital,  David's  Island,  New- 
York  Harbor,  1863-65  ;  in  practice  in  New  Rochelle,  N. 
Y.,  1864-88;  one  of  the  founders  of  the  New-York 
State  Medical  Association.  Born  in  New-York  City, 
February  14,  1834;  died  in  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y., 
September  24,  1888;  cause,  hip  disease. 

Pryor,  William  Rice,  ...  2d  Medical  Division,  1882,  II. 

At  Washington  and  Lee,  1875-76;  Princeton,  1876- 
1877;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1881  ;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
71st  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.  ;  Surgeon,  22d  Regi- 
ment, subsequently ;  Visiting  Gynsecologist,  St.  Eliza- 
beth's Hospital ;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Surgery  and 
of  Diseases  of  Women,  New-York  Polyclinic.  Author 
of  "A  Case  of  Salpingo-oophorectomy  " ;   "Treatment 


2/4  ^'^  Account  of  Be  I  lev  lie  Hospital. 

of  Mammary  Abscess,"  Va.  Med.  Mon.  ;    "A  Case  of 
Precocious  Development,"  Amer.  Jour,  Obstet. 

Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  :  1 5  Park  Avenue, 
New-York  City. 

PuLLKV,  William  Joseph,    .    3d  Medical  Division,  1892,  II. 

At  Vanderbilt  University,  1884-88;  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1891  ;  Assistant  to  Chair  of  Materia  Mcdica  and  Thera- 
peutics and  of  Clinical  Medicine,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  College,  since  1892;  Attending  Physician,  De- 
milt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  1892-93;  At- 
tending Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Genito- 
urinary Diseases,  1893. 

General  Medicine :  227  East  86th  street,  New-York 
City. 

QUIMBY,  Charles  E.,    .    .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1879,  II. 

A.  B.,  Dartmouth,  1874;  A.  M.,  1877;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1878  ;  Attending  Phy- 
sician, University  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and 
Lungs,  since  1884;  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary  since 
1887  ;  Lecturer  on  Practice  of  Medicine,  University  of 
the  City  of  New-York,  1884-89;  Associate  Professor 
since  1889;  Assistant  Visiting  Physician,  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital, since  1888;  Consulting  Physician,  Hospital  for 
Contagious  Diseases,  North  Brother  Island,  since  1889. 
Author  of  "Endocarditis,"  Buck's  Hndbk.  Med.  Sc, 
1887,  Vol.  III.,  p.  288;  "  Pneumonokoniosis,"  idem. 
Vol.  IV.,  p.  597;  "Diseases  of  the  Bronchial  Glands," 
idem.  Vol.  IV.,  p.  584.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hos- 
pital. Great  Falls,  N.  H.,  1880-82,  and  New-York 
City  since  1882. 

General  Medicine :  44  West  36th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Ranney,  Ambrose  Loomis,    ist  Surgical  Division,  1872,  II. 

A.  B.,  Dartmouth,  1868;  A.  M.,  1874;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1871  ;  Attending  Sur- 
geon, Northern  Dispensary,  1872-75 ;  Northwestern 
Dispensary,  1872-74;  Visiting  Surgeon,  New-York 
Post-graduate  Hospital,  since  1885  ;  Professor  of  Minor 
Surgery  and  Genito-urinary  Organs,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1876-79;  Adjunct  Professor  of 
Anatomy,  1879-84;    Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Phy- 


Ijiternes.  275 

siology  of  the  Nervous  System,  New-York  Post-gradu- 
ate Medical  School,  since  1884;  Professor  of  Anatomy, 
University  of  Vermont,  1886-88;  Professor  of  Mental 
and  Nervous  Diseases  since  1888.  Author  of  "Essen- 
tials of  Anatomy,"  G.  P.  Putnam  Sons  &  Co.,  1881  ; 
"Practical  Treatise  on  Surgical  Diagnosis,"  Wm. 
Wood  &  Co.,  1878;  "Practical  Medical  Anatomy," 
Wm.  Wood  &  Co.,  1884;  "Applied  Anatomy  of  the 
Nervous  System,"  D.  A.  &  Co.,  1883;  "Lectures  on 
Nervous  Diseases,"  F.  A.  Davis,  Phila.,  1888.  Brother 
of  Walter  L.  Ranney  (1880,  II). 

Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System  :  156  Madison  Ave- 
nue, New-York  City. 

Ranney,*  Walter  L.,   .    .    .   2d  Medical  Division,  1880,  II. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1877;  M. 
D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1880;  Atten- 
ding Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  New-York  City, 
1881-82;  New-York  Dispensary,  1882-88;  University 
Dispensary,  1884-88  ;  Lecturer  on  Practice  of  Medicine, 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1886-88  ;  Professor 
of  Physical  Diagnosis,  University  of  Vermont,  1886-88. 
Born  in  New-York  City,  September  9,  1858;  died  in 
New- York  City,  August  17,  1888;  cause,  chronic  diffuse 
nephritis,  uremia.  Brother  of  Ambrose  L.  Ranney 
(1872,11). 

Raphael,*  Henry,   ....    2d  Surgical  Division,  1863,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1862;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  1865-66;  in  practice  in  New-York  City, 
1866-88;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dis- 
pensary, Diseases  of  the  Genito-urinary  Organs;  At- 
tending Surgeon,  Northeastern  Dispensary,  1866-67; 
Attending  Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
Children,  1867;  District  Physician,  Department  of 
Public  Charities  and  Correction,  1869  ;  Attending  Phy- 
sician, Manhattan  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children, 
1871  ;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases 
of  Women  and  Children,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College,  1869-71.  Translator  of  "  Vogel's  Treatise  on 
Diseases  of  Children,"  D.  A.  &  Co.,  1871  ;  "Von 
Zeissl's  Pathology  and  Treatment  of  Syphilis."  Died 
suddenly,  August  5,  1888,  aged  forty-seven  years; 
cause,  cardiac  disease. 


276  An  Account  of  Bcllcviie  Hospital. 

Rauch,!  David  Louis,  .    .    ,  jd  Surgical  Division,  i8g2,  I. 

Left  the  hospital  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D., 
Belle  vue,  1889. 

General  Medicine:  103 1  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York  City. 

Ravenhill,*  Lefroy,    ....    Medical  Division,  iSji,  II. 

Died  while  House  Physician.  At  Classical  School, 
College  of  Toronto,  1835  ;  in  New-York,  1836-51  ;  A. 
B.,  Columbia,  1845;  A.  M.,  1849;  M.  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1849;  Librarian  of  Columbia 
College,  1847-51.  Born  in  Xewry,  Ire.,  in  1825  ;  died 
in  Bellevue  Hospital,  May  24,  185 1;  cause,  typhus 
fever,  contracted  while  on  duty  in  the  hospital. 

Rawson,*  Charles  HAMlLTON,t  Surgical  Division,  1852,  I. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.  ^L  D.,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1851;  Surgeon  on  Steamer 
Lcii'is,  between  San  Juan  and  San  Francisco,  1852  ;  and 
subsequently  and  until  1856  Surgeon  to  Marine  Hospi- 
tal, San  Francisco;  Surgeon,  5th  Regiment,  Iowa  Vol- 
unteers, 1 861  ;  Brigade-Surgeon,  United  States  Volun- 
teers, 1862;  Acting  Medical  Director,  U.  S.  Volun- 
teers, later;  in  practice  in  Des  Moines,  la.,  1856-61, 
and  again,  1868-84.  Born  in  Orleans  Co.,  Vt.,  July 
16,  1828;  died  in  Des  Moines,  la.,  June  27,  1884; 
cause,  enlarged,  indurated  liver. 

Raymond,!  Henry  Ingle,  .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1882,  I. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.  A.  B.,  Wabash  Col- 
lege, 1877;  A.  M.,  1880;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1880;  Pro- 
fessor of  Physiology  and  Clinical  Medicine,  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1883-84; 
First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A., 
1881  (resigned,  1883;  reappointed,  1885);  Captain  and 
Assistant  Surgeon  since  1890.  Author  of  "Analogy 
between  Union  in  Scion-grafting  and  the  Healing  Pro- 
cess of  Wounds,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  April  14,  1883; 
"Primary  Antiseptic  Occlusion  in  Military  Practice," 
idem,  Oct.  28,  1882  ;  "Gun-shot  Injury  in  the  Clavicu- 
lo-scapular  Region  Treated  by  Primary  Antiseptic  Oc- 
clusion with  a  Single  Dressing,"  idem,  Dec.  2,  1882; 


I  liter  lies.  277 

"Compound  Gun-shot  Fracture  of  Radius — Primary 
Antiseptic  Occlusion,"  idem,  Jan.  23,  1886. 

Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  :  care  Sur- 
geon-General's Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Reid,  John  J., 2d  Medical  Division,  1870,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1869;  Visiting  Physician,  City 
(late  Charity)  Hospital,  New- York  City,  since  1876; 
New-York  Foundling  Asylum  since  1885.  Author  of 
"  Tracheotomy,  with  the  Description  of  a  Method  Es- 
pecially Adapted  to  Young  Children,"  July,  1877;  "A 
Method  of  Suspension  by  Adhesive  Plaster,  in  Plaster 
of  Paris  Treatment  of  Disease  of  the  Spine,"  July,  1878. 

General  Medicine :  853  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York    City. 

Reynolds,*  James  Banks,    .    ist  Medical  Division,  1857,  I- 

M.  D. ,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1856; 
Attending  Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  New-York 
City,  1857;  at  hospitals  in  Paris  and  London,  and  Resi- 
dent Physician,  Dublin  Lying-in  Hospital,  1859;  At- 
tending Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary,  New-York  City, 
Diseases  of  Children,  1859-62,  and  1865-70;  Assistant 
Surgeon,  71st  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1861  ;  Sur- 
geon, 1862-65  ;  Visiting  Physician,  New-York  Colored 
Home  and  Hospital,  1865  ;  Consulting  Physician,  later; 
Visiting  Physician,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital, 
1869-82;  New-York  Foundling  Asylum,  1869-82; 
President  of  the  Medical  Board  of  the  latter,  1874-82. 
Born  in  New-York  City,  April  8,  1833  ;  died  in  Port 
Chester,  N.  Y.,  August  18,  1882;  cause,  pyelitis,  sep- 
ticaemia. 

Richards,*  Joseph  B.,    .    .    ,    .    Medical  Division,  i86i^I. 

Died  while  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  1859.  Born  in  Oneida  County, 
N.  Y.,  January  20,  1836;  died  in  Bellevue  Hospital, 
June  4,  i860;  cause,  appendicitis,  perforation,  general 
peritonitis. 

Richards,  Thomas  Lincoln,  ist  Medical  Division,  1892,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1891. 
Address :  Fort  Atkinson,  Wis. 

i8a 


278  A 71  Account  of  Dcllcviie  Hospital. 

Richardson,*  George  N.,  .  2d  Surgical  Division,  1853,  II. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1852; 
Secretary,  Medical  Society  of  the  County  of  Richmond, 
N.  Y.,  1866-69;  in  practice  in  Stapleton,  N.  Y.,  until 
1874  or  1875.  Reported  to  have  come  from  Charlottes- 
ville, Va.,  and  to  have  died  in  Stapleton,  X.  Y.,  1874 
or  1875. 

Richardson,*  William  Henry  Harrison, 

Medical  Division,  1850,  III. 

Attended  Dartmouth.  M.  D.,  Berkshire,  1849;  in 
practice  in  East  Montpelier,  Vt.,  185 1  ;  in  Montpelier, 
1856-67  ;  in  Winona,  Minn.,  1867-74.  Born  in  Orange, 
Vt.,  1824;  died  in  Winona,  Minn.,  June  5,  1874; 
cause,  cerebral  hemorrhage. 

RiGGS,*  Benjamin  Clapp,  .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1869,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1865  ;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1869;  Interne, 
St.  Luke's  Hospital,  New-York  City,  1869-70;  in 
Vienna,  1870-72;  Visiting  Physician,  Church  Home 
and  Infirmary,  Baltimore,  Md.,  1873-74;  in  Europe, 
1874-75;  New-York  City,  1875-76;  Europe,  1876-79. 
Retired  on  account  of  ill  health,  residing  in  New-York 
City,  1879-83.  Born  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  February  16, 
1845;  died  at  Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y.,  April  18,  1883; 
cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

RivES,*  Alexander,! 1862,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  University 
of  Virginia,  1859;  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1861  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-65  ;  in  prac- 
tice in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  Floreyville,  Miss.,  1865- 
1875.  Born  in  Virginia,  1838;  died  in  Floreyville, 
Miss.,  1875  ;  cause,  malarial  fever.  Cousin  of  Edward 
C.  Rives  (1858,  II). 

RiVES,*  Edward  C.,t 1858,  II. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant  (?).  At  University  of 
Virginia,  1849-50;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1857;  Interne,  Infants'  Hospital,  Randall's 
Island,  New-York  City,  1858-60;  in  practice  in  Vir- 
ginia, 1860-61 ;  Regimental,  and  later  Brigade-Surgeon, 


Internes.  279 

C.  S.  A.,  1861-65  ;  in  practice  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  1865- 
1874;  Professor  of  Physiology,  Medical  College  of  Ohio, 
1866-69;  Visiting  Physician,  Cincinnati  Hospital,  1872- 
1874;  in  Hillsboro,  O.,  on  account  of  ill  health,,  1875- 
1883.  Born  in  Cincinnati,  O.,  August  27,  1833;  died 
in  Hillsboro,  O.,  September  26,  1883;  cause,  cardiac 
disease.     Cousin  of  Alexander  Rives  (1862,  I). 

RoBERTS,t  Charles  Frederick, 

ist  Medical  Division,  i88j,  I. 

Left  the  hospital  while  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1883. 

General  Medicine :  Wolfboro,  N.  H. 

RoBiE,t  John  Wilson,    .    .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1863,  I. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1861;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  at  Ladies' 
Home,  U.  S.  Army  Hospital,  New-York  City,  1862-65  j 
Surgeon,  12th  Regiment,  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y.,  1867-68; 
President,  Yorkville  (New- York  City)  Medical  Associa- 
tion, 1880.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New- 
York  City,  1865-81;  Santa  Barbara,  Cal.,  1882-83; 
New  London,  Conn.,  1884-86;  Asbury  Park,  N.  J., 
since  1886. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  Asbury  Park,  N.  J. 

Rodriguez,  Marcos  Martin,  2d  Medical  Division,  1890,  II. 

A.  B.,  College  of  Cartago,  Costa  Rica,  1883  ;  M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1889;  at  Media 
Academy,  1885-86;  at  New-York  Polyclinic,  1890-91. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  Heredia,  Costa 
Rica,  C.  A. 

Root,  Edward  K., ist  Surgical  Division,  1881,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1879; 
at  General  Hospital,  Vienna,  1881-82;  Interne-student, 
Rotunda  Hospital,  Dublin,  1881-82;  Examining  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  Hartford,  Conn.,  1884-85  ; 
Visiting  Physician,  Hartford  Hospital. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  238  Main  street, 
Hartford,  Conn. 


2  8o  All  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Rose,  John  Henry,   ....    2d  Medical  Division,  1894,  II. 

A.  B.,Hobart  College,  1889;  M.  D.,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1892. 

Address:   Branchport,  N.  Y. 

Roth,  Julius  Augustus,   .    ist  Medical  Division,  1883,  II. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1879;  M. 
D.,  Bellevue,  1882;  Assistant  in  Diseases  of  the  Eye 
and  Ear,  New-York  Polyclinic,  1883-85 ;  Attending 
Physician,  Mount  Sinai  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases 
of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  and  Diseases  of  the  Throat,  since 
1884. 

General  Medicine :  308  East  79th  street,  New-York 
City. 

ROWE,*  Eugene  O.,    .    .    .    .  ^d  Surgical  Division,  1866,  I. 

Died  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1864; 
engaged  in  mercantile  business  before  he  began  the 
study  of  medicine.  Born  in  New-York  City,  Septem- 
ber 5,  1841  ;  died  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  January  12, 
1864;  cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  in  the  hospital. 
Nephew  of  James  Rushmore  Wood. 

RussEL,*  Charles  Porter,  .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1859,  II. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1858; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-63;  Medical  In- 
spector, Fifth  Army  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
1864;  Inspector,  Metropolitan  Board  of  Health,  New- 
York  City,  1869;  Register  of  Vital  Statistics,  1870-73; 
Treasurer,  New-York  Public  Health  Association.  Au- 
thor of  a  brochure  on  "  Hydrophobia."  Born  in  Penn- 
sylvania; died  in  New- York  City,  June  13,  1886;  cause, 
a  large  perityphlitic  abscess  which  was  opened. 

Sanders,  Edward,    ....    ist  Medical  Division,  1878,  I. 

At  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1870-73  ;  M. 
D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1876;  Atten- 
ding Physician,  Mount  Sinai  Hospital  Dispensary,  Dis- 
eases of  Women,  since  1879.  Author  of  "Acute 
Croupous  Pneumonia, — Is  It  an  Infectious  Disease?" 
Arch.  Med.,  June,  1881 ;  "The  Geographical  and  Cli- 
matic Relations  of  Pneumonia:  A  Statistical  Study," 


Internes,  281 

Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc,  Vol.  LXXXIV.  ;  "A  Study  of 
Primary,  Immediate,  or  Direct  Hemorrhage  into  the 
Ventricles  of  the  Brain,"  ide7n,  Vols.  LXXXI.  and 
LXXXII. 

General  Medicine:  126  East  82d  street,  New-York 
City. 

SANDS,*  HENRY  Berton,  .    pd  Medical  Division,  1855.  L 
'  (  ist  Surgical  Division,  lojo,  11. 

Resigned  while  House  Surgeon.  A.  M.,  honoris 
causa,  Yale,  1883;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1854;  studied  in  Europe,  1856;  Assistant 
Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons,  1856-57;  Demonstrator,  1857-66;  Professor, 
1867-79;  Professor  of  the  Practice  of  Surgery,  1879- 
1888;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1862-77; 
Charity  Hospital,  1865-66;  Mount  Sinai  Hospital, 
later;  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  1862-70;  Consulting  Sur- 
geon, 1870-84;  Visiting  Surgeon,  New-York  Hospital, 
1864-81;  Consulting  Surgeon,  1881-84;  Visiting  Sur- 
geon, Strangers'  Hospital,  1871-72;  Roosevelt  Hospi- 
tal, 1872-88.  Author  of  "  A  Case  of  Cancer  of  the  Lar- 
ynx Successfully  Removed  by  Laryngotomy  ;  with  an 
Analysis  of  Fifty  cases  of  Cancer  of  the  Larynx  Treated 
by  Operation,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  May,  1861;  "On 
the  Use  of  the  Plaster  of  Paris  Bandage  in  the  Treat- 
ment of  Fractures,  Especially  Fracture  of  the  Femur," 
idem,  June,  1871 ;  "A  Case  of  Traumatic,  Brachial  Neu- 
ralgia, Treated  by  Excision  of  the  Cords  which  go  to 
form  the  Brachial  Plexus,"  Brown-Seq.  Arch,  of  Sc.  & 
Prac.  Med.,  Jan.,  1873  ;  "Notes  on  Perityphlitis,"  Ann. 
of  Anat.  &  Surg.  Soc,  Brooklyn,  1880,  Vol.  H.,  No.  7  ; 
"  An  Account  of  Two  Cases  of  Pelvic  Aneurism,"  Amer. 
Jour.  Med.  Sc,  April,  188 1;  "The  Question  of  Laparoto- 
my for  the  Relief  of  Acute  Intestinal  Obstruction,"  N.  Y. 
Med  Rec,  April  22,  1882;  "The  Question  of  Trephining 
in  Injuries  of  the  Head,"  Med.  News,  Phila.,  Apr.  28, 
1883;  "The  Value  of  Internal  Oisophagotomy  in  the 
Treatment  of  Cicatricial  Stricture," /rt'^-w,  Feb.  9,  1884; 
"Rupture  of  the  Ligamentum  Patellae,  and  its  Treat- 
ment by  Operation,"  idem,  Dec.  26,  1885;  "On  the 
Use  and  the  Abuse  of  Passive  Motion,"  N.  Y.  Med. 
Jour.,  Jan.  22,  1887  ;  "An  Account  of  a  Case  in  which 
Recovery  took  Place  after  Laparotomy  had  been  Per- 


282  Afi  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

formed  for  Septic  Peritonitis  due  to  a  Perforation  of  the 
Vermiform  Appendix  ;  with  Remarks  upon  this  and 
Allied  Diseases,"  idem,  Feb.  25,  1888.  Born  in  New- 
York  City,  September  27,  1830;  died  suddenly  in  New- 
York  City,  November  17,  1888  ;  cause,  thrombosis  of 
one  of  the  coronary  arteries,  myocarditis. 

Saunders,  Dudley  Dunn,  .   3d  Medical  Division,  1857,  I. 

A.  B.,  LaGrange  College,  Ala.,  1852;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  1856;  University  of  the  City  of 
New- York,  1856  ;  at  the  hospitals  of  London  and  Paris, 
1857-59;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Memphis  (Tenn.)  Med- 
ical College,  1860-61  ;  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  Assistant 
Medical  Director  of  Hospitals  in  the  Army  of  Tennessee, 
1861-65  ;  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Memphis  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1865-68;  President,  Memphis  Board  of  Health  in 
the  yellow  fever  epidemic  of  1878-79 ;  Professor  of  Sur- 
gery, Memphis  Hospital  Medical  College,  1885-86; 
Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  and  Physical  Diagnosis, 
1891  ;  President,  Memphis  Medical  Society,  1884;  Med- 
ical Society  of  the  State  of  Tennessee,  1885.  Author  of 
various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  480  Shelby  street, 
Memphis,  Tenn. 

Sawyer,*  Sylvester  J.,  .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1855,  II. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1854; 
studied  in  Paris,  1855-56  ;  in  practice  in  St.  Paul,  Minn., 
and  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1856-61  ;  Acting  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  at  Fort  Schuyler,  N.  Y.,  1862-64;  in 
practice  in  New-York  City,  1864-70.  Born  in  Hook- 
set,  N.  H.,  May  21,  1828;  died  in  New-York  City,  No- 
vember 25,  1870;  cause,  bilious  remittent  fever. 

Sayre,  Reginald  Hall,  .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1885,  II. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1881  ;  M.  D.,Bellevue,  1884;  As- 
sistant to  the  Chair  of  Surgery,  Bellevue  Hospital  Med- 
ical College,  1885-90;  to  the  Chair  of  Orthopaedic  Sur- 
gery since  1890;  Lecturer  on  Orthopaedic  Surgery, 
spring  term,  since  1890;  Attending  Orthopjedic  Sur- 
geon, Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  since  1886;  Con- 
sulting Surgeon,  Hackensack  (N.  J.)  Hospital,  since 
1891 ;  Attending  Orthopaedic  Surgeon,  Church  Hospital 


Internes.  283 

and  Dispensary,  1892  ;  Vice-President,  American  Ortho- 
paedic Association,  1891-92 ;  New-York  Pathological 
Society,  1893;  Honorary  Vice-President,  Orthopaedic 
Section,  Pan-American  Medical  Congress,  1893  ;  Assis- 
tant Secretary,  New-York  Academy  of  Medicine,  1892. 
Author  of  "Immediate  Reposition  of  the  Parts  after 
Tenotomy,"  Ala.  Med.  Jour.,  July,  1887;  "The  Treat- 
ment of  Rotary  Lateral  Curvature  of  the  Spine,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Jour.,  Nov.  17,  1888;  "  Excision  of  the  Hip  Joint," 
Trans.  Amer.  Orthop.  Assoc,  1889;  "The  Simulta- 
neous Occurrence  of  Disease  of  the  Hip  and  Knee  Joints 
in  the  same  Limb,  with  Description  of  a  New  Splint  for 
the  Treatment  of  the  Same,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  Dec. 
13,  1890;  "Traction  and  Fixation  in  Pott's  Disease," 
Phila.  Med.  News,  Nov.  14,  1891.  Son  of  Lewis  A. 
Sayre,  Consulting  Surgeon. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  285  Fifth  Avenue, 
New-York  City. 

Schmidt,*  Daniel  Webster,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1859,  I. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1858;  in 
practice  in  New-York  City,  1861-81,  Born  in  South 
Carolina,  1834;  died  in  New-York  City,  February  22, 
1881  ;  cause,  hemiplegia  of  seventeen  years'  duration. 

Schneider,  Hermann  August  Louis, 

1st  Medical  Division,  1891,  II. 

At  College  of  City  of  New-York,  1885-87;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1890. 

Address:    186  Ninth  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Schuyler,*  William  David,  ist  Medical  Division,  1871,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1869;  House  Physician  and  Sur- 
geon, Roosevelt  Hospital,  from  its  establishment,  No- 
vember 2,  1871,  to  April  I,  1872;  in  practice  in  New- 
York  City,  1872-87.  Born  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  1834; 
died  in  New-York  City,  December  31,  1887;  cause, 
fibro-sarcoma  in  the  abdominal  cavity. 

ScuDDER,*  Charles  Davies,    3d  Surgical  Division,  1880,  I. 

A.  B.,  Trinity,  1875;  A.  M.,  1878;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1878;    at  University  of  Vienna,   1880-81;    Atten- 


284  A 71  Account  of  Belleviie  Hospital. 

ding  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensar)',  Diseases  of  Women, 
1882-88  ;  Clinical  Assistant,  Columbia,  Diseases  of  Wo- 
men, 1882-84;  Practice  of  Medicine,  1886-87  ;  Visiting 
Physician,  French  Hospital,  1887-92  ;  New-York  Ly- 
ing-in Asylum,  1890-92;  Trustee,  Trinity  College,  Hart- 
ford, Conn.  Author  of  "  MoUities  Uteri,"  N.  Y.  Med. 
Jour.,  Dec,  1888.  Born  in  New- York  City,  Septem- 
ber 24,  1856;  died  suddenly  in  Northport,  N.  Y.,  July 
19,  1892. 

Seabrook,  Harry  H.,    .    .    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1883,  I- 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1881  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  New- 
York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1885-91  ;  Clinical  As- 
sistant, New- York  Polyclinic,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and 
Ear,  1888;  Attending  Surgeon,  Presbyterian  Hospital 
Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  1888  ;  Belle- 
vue  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  1889-90; 
Instructor  in  Ophthalmology,  University  of  the  City  of 
New-York,  since  1888;  Attending  Surgeon,  New-York 
Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  since  1891. 

Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear:  118  East  72d  street, 
New-York  City. 

Sears,§  Henry  Thatcher,  .   ist  Surgical  Division,  1863,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1862;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  A.,  on  board  U.  S.  Transport  Fulton,  1863-64; 
in  practice  in  New-York  City,  1864-89. 

Seelye,!  Hiram  H.,    .    .    .    .   ^.th  Medical  Division,  1884,  I. 

Left  the  hospital  while  House  Physician.  A.  B. ,  Am- 
herst, 1879;  A.  M.,  1882;  M.  D.,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1881;  Columbia,  1882;  Instructor 
in  Physical  Education,  Amherst  College,  since  1884. 

General  Medicine :  Amherst,  Mass. 

a^^,,^    /T5^.. .r\  A,.^,  ,-   ^  1st  Surgical  Division,  1861,  II. 

Segur,  (Benjamin)  Avery,  <  ,  ^  c      •    i  t->-  •  •       ,q^-,    t 
^        ■'  '  '  (  1st  Surgical  Division,  1862,    I. 

B.  S.,  Racine  College,  1864;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  i860; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862-66;  Sanitary  Super- 
intendent, Department  of  Health,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
1873-75 ;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Peter's  Hospital, 
1875-86;  Consulting  Physician  since  1886;  St.  Mary's 


Internes.  285 

General  Hospital.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospi- 
tal, Boonton,  N.  J,,  1865-67,  and  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
since  1868. 

General  Medicine:  281  Henry  street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Senior,  Isaac  Jacob, Medical  Division,  185 1,  I. 

A.  B.,  Colegio  de  la  Independencia,  Caracas,  1844; 
A.  M.,  1845;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1850;  in  Military 
Hospital,  Curafoa,  1846-47;  in  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, 1854-55;  at  Guy's  and  University  Hospitals, 
London,  1856;  Government  Accoucheur  for  the  poor 
population,  Curagoa;  Visiting  Physician,  Almshouse; 
Medical  Examiner,  New-York  Life  Insurance  Company, 
and  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  Curafoa,  Colony 
of  Holland,  W.  I. 

Shaw,*  Samuel  Francis,    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1862,  II. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1855  ;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1862  ;  As- 
sistant to  the  Chair  of  Physiology,  Columbia,  1859, 
and  to  the  Chair  of  Chemistry,  i860;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  N.,  1862-68;  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon, 
1868-71  ;  Surgeon,  1871-81  ;  resigned,  1881.  Resided 
in  Philadelphia,  Perm.,  1881-84.  Born  in  Plainfield, 
Mass.,  September  7,  1836;  died  in  Philadelphia,  Penn., 
December  7,  1884;  cause,  chronic  nephritis,  ursemic 
coma. 

Shaw,  William  Conner,    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1874,  II. 

A.  B.,  Washington  and  Jefferson,  1869;  A.  M.,1872; 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1872;  Clinical  Assistant  to  the  Chair 
of  Surgery,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1874; 
Attending  Physician,  Pittsburgh  (Penn.)  Free  Dispen- 
sary, 1876-82;  Visiting  Physician,  Mercy  Hospital, 
1876-78;  Visiting  Surgeon,  1878-87;  Alternate  Sur- 
geon, P.  R.  R.,  1877-79;  Surgeon,  P.  C.  &  St.  L.  R. 
R.,  1877-82;  Medical  Examiner,  Union  Central  Life, 
since  1880;  Chief  Medical  Examiner,  Pittsburgh,  Equi- 
table Life  Assurance  Society,  since  1881;  Medical 
Referee,  1885-87;  and  Nominator,  since  1887;  General 
Medical  Examiner,  National  Life,  Vermont,  since  1883  ; 
Home  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  New-York,  since  1884; 
State  Mutual,  Massachusetts,  since  1885  ;  New  England 


286  An  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

Life  since  1887.  Author  of  "The  Plaster  of  Paris 
Jacket:  A  Question  of  Priority,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec. , 
June,  1877;  "Dislocation  of  the  Sternal  End  of  the 
Clavicle  Upward,"  ideviy  Aug.,  1877;  "Dislocation  of 
Metatarsal  Bone  at  Metatarso-tarsal  Articulation," 
Pitts.  Med.  Jour.,  Oct.,  1882;  "Occlusion  of  the  Os 
Uteri  during  Pregnancy,"  Pitts.  Med.  Rev.,  May,  1887  ; 
"  The  Relation  between  the  Pastor  and  the  Physician," 
Evang.  Repos.,  Aug.,  1887;  "Visiting  the  Sick,'' 
United  Presby.,  Pitts.,  April,  1888. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  135  Wylie  Avenue, 
Pittsburgh,  Penn. 

Sherman,  Harry  Mitchell,  3d  Surgical  Division,  1881,  II. 

A.  B.,  Trinity,  1877;  A.  M.,  1880;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1888;  Orthopaedic  Surgeon,  Children's  Hospital, 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  since  1885  ;  Pacific  Dispensary, 
1885-90;  San  Francisco  Polyclinic  since  1889.  Resi- 
dence since  leaving  the  hospital,  Providence,  R.  I.  ; 
Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  ;  and  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

General  and  Orthopaedic  Surgery  :  705  Sutter  street, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Silver,  Henry  Mann,  ...  3d  Surgical  Division,  1876,  II. 

A.  B.,  Dartmouth,  1872;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1875; 
Attending  Physician,  Eastern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
the  Heart  and  Lungs,  1877-80;  Visiting  Physician, 
1880-86;  Attending  Physician,  New-York  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Lungs,  1878-79;  Attending 
Surgeon,  1879-80;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anat- 
omy, Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1882-92; 
Demonstrator  since  1892;  Woman's  Medical  College 
of  the  New- York  Infirmary,  1884-86;  Lecturer  on  Sur- 
gery, later,  1886-88;  Professor  since  1888;  Visiting 
Physician,  Gouverneur  Hospital,  1887-90 ;  Visiting  Sur- 
geon since  1890.  Brother  of  Lewis  M.  Silver  (1887,  I) 
and  cousin  of  Homer  O.  Hitchcock  (1856,  II). 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  39  Seventh  street, 
New-York  City. 

Silver,  Lewis  Mann,    ...    3d  Medical  Division,  1887,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1882;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1885  ;  studied  at 
Freiburg;  Munich;  General  Hospital,  Vienna;  and  at 


Internes.  '  287 

Frankfort;  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary, 
General  Medicine,  since  1889.  Brother  of  Henry  M. 
Silver  (1876,  II)  and  cousin  of  Homer  O.  Hitchcock 
(1856,  II). 

General  Medicine  :  103  West  72d  street,  New-York 
City. 

SiMPS0N,t  George  L., 1S62,  II. 

Resigned  immediately  after  appointment  to  enter  the 
U.  S.  Navy.  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New- 
York,    i860. 

General  Medicine :  296  Willis  Av^enue,  New- York 
City. 

Simpson,  Robert  Alexander, 

4th  Medical  Division,  1885,  I. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1881  ;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1883  ;  at  universities  of  Vienna,  Berlin,  and  Heidel- 
berg, 1885-87. 

General  Medicine  :  W^ashington,  Ga. 

Smith,  Abram  Alexander,  3d  Medical  Division,  1872,  II. 

A.  B.,  Lafayette,  1868;  A.  M.,  1871  ;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1871  ;  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Lungs,  1873-79;  Assistant 
Visiting  Physician  and  Surgeon,  New-York  State 
Woman's  Hospital,  1874-79;  Lecturer  on  Materia 
Medica  and  Therapeutics,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College,  spring  term,  1876-79;  Lecturer,  winter  term, 
1879-80;  Professor,  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics 
and  of  Clinical  Medicine,  1880-92;  Principles  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine  since  1892;  Visiting  Physician,  Belle- 
vue Hospital,  since  1882;  Consulting  Physician,  Gou- 
verneur  Hospital,  since  1888;  Hospital  for  the  Rup- 
tured and  Crippled  since   1890. 

General  Medicine :  40  West  47th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Smith,  Charles  Peck,    .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1876,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1874. 

General  Medicine :  246  West  44th  street,  New-York 
City. 


288  An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Smith,  Clarenxe  A.,   .    .    .   4th  Medical  Division,    1889,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1882;   M.  D.,  Columbia,  1887. 
General  Medicine:   Seattle,  Wash. 

Smith,*  Elijah  Herman,  .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1867,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1865  ;  Surgeon,  S.  S.  Arago,  New- 
York  to  Havre,  1866-67  ;  in  practice  in  St.  Paul,  Minn., 
1867-71  ;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  St. 
Paul,  187 1.  Died  in  New  Canaan,  Conn.,  February 
19,  1871,  aged  29  years;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Smith,*  Francis  Asbury,  .    .  2d  Medical  Division,  1876,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1874;  in  practice  in  New-York 
City,  1876-81  ;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Joseph's  Home, 
1878-81  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  New-York  Eye  and  Ear 
Infirmary,  1878-81.  Born  in  New- York  City,  August 
29,  1852  ;  died  suddenly  in  New-York  City,  November 
4,  1881  ;  cause,  pulmonary  hemorrhage. 

c  ,,^.x    rjx.,.TT.,.  T  ,.,  T.  ^  -d  Medical  Division,  1866,  I. 

Smith,  Henry  Lyle,  .    .    <  ^  ,  c      •    i  t->-  ■  •       ,«^/^  it 
'  (2d  Surgical  Division,  1806,  H. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1864;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  Sanitary  Commission,  on  S.  S.  S.  R.  Spauldiug, 
1862;  Health  Officer,  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  1869-71,  1874- 
1875,  1877-78,  1885,  1886,  1890;  President,  Medical 
Society,  County  of  Columbia,  N.  Y.,  1885-86;  Dele- 
gate to  New-York  State  Medical  Society,  1870;  Original 
Fellow,  New-York  State  Medical  Association,  1884. 
Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:   Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Smith,"^  Joseph  George,    .     3d  Surgical  Division,  1864,  n. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1863;  Registered  as  a  practitioner 
in  Shelbyville,  111.,  as  late  as  1884.  Reported  to  be  in 
Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  but  no  reply  was  received  to  a 
communication  to  that  address  in  December,  1890. 

Smith,*  ORSAMUS.t 2d  Medical  Division,  i86j,  I. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1862;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862,  at 
military  hospital  at  Fortress  Monroe;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon,   loth    Regiment,    New-York   State   Volunteers, 


hiternes.  289 

General  French's  Division,  Sumner's  Corps,  later;  Sur- 
geon, 14th  Regiment,  New-York  State  Militia,  2d  Bri- 
gade, 4th  Division,  5th  Army  Corps,  later,  and  until 
close  of  the  war;  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  M.  H.  S., 
1865-  ;  at  New  Orleans,  Mobile,  and  Galveston. 
Born  in  Butternuts  (now  Morris),  N.  Y.,  February  26, 
1836;  died  in  Patterson,  N.  Y.,  September  19,  1876; 
cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  Brother  of  Ernest 
Hebersmith    (1862,    II). 

Smith,  Stephen, Surgical  Division,  1851,  II. 

A.  M.,  honoris  causa,  Brown,  1878;  M.  D.,  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1850;  Visiting  Surgeon, 
Bellevue  Hospital,  1854-91  ;  Charity  Hospital,  1854-60; 
St.  Vincent's  Hospital  since  1876;  Consulting  Surgeon, 
Bellevue  Hospital,  1892  ;  Professor  of  Principles  of  Sur- 
gery, Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1861-65  ;  Lec- 
turer on  Anatomy,  1865-66;  Professor,  1866-72;  Pro- 
fessor of  Clinical  Surgery,  University  of  the  City  of 
New- York,  since  1874;  Commissioner,  New-York  City 
Health  Department,  1868-72;  Member,  National  Board 
of  Health,  since  1879;  State  Board  of  Charities,  1881  ; 
New-York  State  Commissioner  in  Lunacy,  1882-87. 
Editor,  "New- York  Journal  of  Medicine,"  1856-60; 
"  American  Medical  Times,"  1860-64  ;  "  Hamilton  on 
Fractures  and  Dislocations,"  1891.  Author  of  "  Hand- 
book of  Surgical  Operations,"  Baillier  Bros.,  1862  ; 
"Manual  of  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Operative 
Surgery,"  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.,  1882  ;  "  The  Prin- 
ciples and  Practice  of  Operative  Surgery,"  Lea  Bros.  & 
Co.,  1887;  "The  Doctor  in  Medicine,"  1872;  "An- 
nual Reports  of  the  State  Commission  in  Lunacy," 
1882-87. 

General  Surgery:  574  Madison  Avenue,  New-York 
City. 

Snow,  Walter  Howard,   .  2d  Medical  Division,  1881,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1880; 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  Toronto,  1881. 

SouTHACK,*  John  William,  3d  Surgical  Division,  1865,  II. 

A.   B.,  Columbia,   1861  ;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,   1865;  in 
Europe,  1866;  Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1866;  Assis- 
19 


290  A 71  Account  of  Bellcviic  Hospital. 

tant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  BcUevue  Hospital  Med- 
ical College,  1865-70;  Prosector  to  the  Chair  of  Oper- 
ative and  Clinical  Surgery,  1865-69;  Clinical  Assistant, 
New-York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  1865-69;  in  Europe 
on  account  of  ill  health,  1866;  Attending  Surgeon, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  1868;  again  in  Europe, 
1868,  studying  in  Vienna  and  Wiirzburg;  returned  to 
New-York  City,  1869.  Born  in  New- York  City,  Decem- 
ber 21,  1839;  died  in  New- York  City,  December  14, 
1869;  cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

SOUTHWORTH,  James  W.,    .     ist  Surgical  Division,  1864,  I. 

A.    B.,  Georgetown    (Ky.)    College,   1859;    M.  D., 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,    1862. 
General  Medicine  :   Glasgow,  Mo. 

Spencer,  John  Campbell,  .  4th  Medical  Division,  1887,  I. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1882;  M.  D.,  1885;  House  Phy- 
sician, Seaside  Sanitarium  of  St.  John's  Guild,  New 
Dorp,  N.  Y.,  1887;  at  University  of  Berlin,  1887-88; 
University  of  Vienna,  1888.  Author  of  "Review  and 
Translation  of  Professor  Camillo  Golgi's  article  on  the 
'  Cycle  of  Evolution  of  the  Malaria-Parasite  of  Tertian 
Intermittent  Fever,'"  March  30,  1889;  "Translation 
and  Comments  on  Dr.  Raphael  Hirsch's  '  Recent  Views 
on  Rheumatism,'"  Deut.  Med.  Woch.,  June  11,  1889. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City, 
New  Dorp,  N.  Y.,  and  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

General  Medicine :  Crocker  Building,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

Sproat,*  Louis  Delano,  .    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1870,  I. 

Graduated  at  Chillicothe  (O.)  High  School;  M.  D., 
Columbia,  1869;  Surgeon,  New-York  City  Police  De- 
partment, 1870;  District  Physician,  Department  of 
Public  Charities  and  Correction ;  in  practice  in  New- 
York  City,  1870-83.  Born  in  Chillicothe,  0.,  April  i, 
1845  ;  died  in  New-York  City,  October  28,  1883  ;  cause, 
typhoid  fever,  intestinal  hemorrhage. 

Stafford,  James, 4th  Medical  Division,  1888,  II. 

At  Madison  University,  1 880-81  ;  M.  D.,  University 
of  Vermont,  1885;  Columbia,  1886;  Assistant  Attend- 


Internes.  291 

ing  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases 
of  Women,  1888-90;  Attending  Physician,  Northern 
Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  1889-90;  Diseases  of 
Children  since  1890;  Assistant  Visiting  Physician,  De- 
milt  Dispensary,  1889;  Assistant  in  Gynaecology  and  in 
Surgery,  New-York  Polyclinic,  since  1890. 

Diseases  of  Women  and  Children:  157  Madison  Av- 
enue, New-York  City. 

Starke,  George  C,    ....    2d  Medical  Division,  1854,  I. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1851-52;  M.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1853;  at  hospitals  in 
Paris,  1854-55;  in  practice,  Petersburg,  Va.,  1856-61; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1865  ;  in  mercantile  busi- 
ness since  1865.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital, 
Petersburg,  Va. ,  1856-61;  Hickford,  Va.,  since  1865. 

Alerchant :   Hicksford,  Va. 

Starr,  M.  Allen, 4th  Medical  Division,  1882,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1876;  A.  M.,  1879;  Ph.  D.,  1886; 
M.  D.,  Columbia,  1880;  at  University  of  Heidelberg, 
1882;  Vienna  Medical  School  and  Hospital,  1882-83; 
Attending  Physician,  New-York  Dispensary,  Diseases 
of  the  Nervous  System,  1883-84;  Demilt  Dispensary, 
1884-88;  New-York  Polyclinic,  1883-88;  Professor, 
1885-88;  Clinical  Lecturer,  Diseases  of  the  Ner- 
vous System,  Columbia,  1887-88;  Clinical  Professor, 
1888-89;  Professor  since  1889.  Author  of  "Cortical 
Lesions  of  the  Brain,"  Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc,  Jan., 
April,  and  July,  1884;  "The  Sensory  Tract,  "Prize  Essay, 
Alum.  Assoc.  Coll.  Phys.  &  Surg.,  1884,  Jour.  Nerv. 
and  Ment.  Dis.,  July,  1884;  "Localization  of  Spinal 
Functions,"  Amer.  Jour.  Neur.  and  Psych.,  Oct.,  1884; 
"  Vaso-motor  and  Trophic  Neuroses,"  Pepper's  Sys. 
Med.,  1886,  Vol.  v.,  p.  1241  ;  "Familiar  Forms  of 
Nervous  Disease,"  Wm.  Wood  &  Co.,  1890. 

Nervous  Diseases  and  Insanity:  22  West  48th  street, 
New-York  City. 

Stearns,  Henry  S.,  .    .    .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1885,  II. 

At  Columbia  School  of  Mines,  1879-81 ;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New- York,  1884;  at  University 
of  Vienna,  1887;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  1887-89  ;  Demilt 


292  A71  Accoiint  of  Bellcvuc  Hospital. 

Dispensary,  General  Medicine,  1889-92;  Assistant  Vis- 
iting Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1892;  Assistant  in 
Pathology,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  since 
1888. 

General  Medicine:  21  East  44th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Steurer,  John  Adam,  .    .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1874,  II. 

At  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1870;  M.  D., 
Bellevue,  1873;  at  University  of  Vienna,  1874-76; 
University  of  Strasburg,  1875  ;  Clinical  Assistant,  New- 
York  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Institute,  1871-72;  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Northwestern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
the  Skin,  1876-78;  Attending  Surgeon,  1878-86;  Lec- 
turer on  Surgical  Pathology,  American  Veterinary  Col- 
lege, 1885-88.  Author  of  "A  New  Aspirator,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Rec,  1873;  "A  New  Endoscope,"  Archiv.  fiir 
Derm.,  1875;  "Urethral  Dilator,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec, 
1878. 

General  Surgery  and  Genito-urinary  Surgery:  78 
West  47th  street,  New- York  City. 

Stevens,*  Jonathan  Humphrey  Pettibone, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1853,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1852;  Surgeon  of  a  transatlantic 
line  of  steamers.  New- York  to  Liverpool,  1853-54;  in 
practice  in  Norfolk,  Conn.,  1854-61  ;  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, 1st  Connecticut  Heavy  Artillery,  1861-62  ;  in  the 
Peninsular  Campaign;  in  practice  in  Norfolk,  Conn., 
1862-85.  Born  in  Norfolk,  Conn.,  December  9,  1830; 
died  there  December  18,  1885;  cause,  otitis  media, 
cerebral  meningitis. 

Stewart,  Charles  W.,  .    .    .    ist  Medical  Division,  1893.  I. 

Ph.  B.,  Yale,  1888;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1891. 
Address:  Newport,  R.  I. 

Stewart,  George  David,   .  3d  Surgical  Division,  1890,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1889;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of 
Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  since 
1892. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  149  Lexington  Ave- 
nue, New-York  City. 


Internes.  293 

Stillwell,  John  Edwin,  .    .   2d  Surgical  Division,  1877,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1875. 

General  Medicine:  151  East  21st  street,  New- York 
City. 

St.  John,  Samuel  Benedict,  2d  Surgical  Division,  1871,11. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1866;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1870 ;  at  Royal 
Ophthalmic  Hospital,  London,  1872-73  ;  General  Hos- 
pital, Vienna,  1872-73;  University  of  Berlin,  1872; 
House  Surgeon,  Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital, 
New-York  City,  1869-70;  Attending  Physician,  New- 
York  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Throat,  1873-75 ; 
Northwestern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear, 
1875-78;  Assistant  Surgeon,  New-York  Eye  and  Ear 
Infirmary,  1876-78;  Surgeon,  1878;  Assistant  Dem- 
onstrator of  Anatomy,  Columbia,  1871-72;  Clinical 
Assistant  in  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  1874-78;  Lecturer  on 
Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Yale  Medical  School,  since  1882; 
Secretary,  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  Connecticut, 
1883-88;  American  Ophthalmological  Society,  1888. 
Author  of  "  Treatment  of  Fractures  by  Plaster  Appara- 
tus," Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc. ,  July,  1872  ;  "  Sympathetic 
Ophthalmia,"  Trans.  Med.  Soc,  State  Conn.,  1881; 
"Eye  Strain  as  a  Cause  of  Reflex  Irritation,"  z^i?;;/, 
1890.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York 
City,  1874-78;   Hartford,  Conn.,  since  1878. 

Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear  :  43  Pratt  street,  Hart- 
ford, Conn. 

Stockwell,  I  George  Norman, 

ist  Surgical  Division,  i8gj,  I. 

Left  the  hospital  while  House  Surgeon.     M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1891. 
Address :   Stamford,  Conn. 

Stoddard,  Henry  B.,  .    .    .  2d  Medical  Division,  1868,  II. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1862;   M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1866. 
General  Medicine :   Newtonville,  Mass. 

Stoeckel,  Gustav  Mozart,  4th  Surgical  Division,  1875,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1871  ;  A.  M.,  1874;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1874;    at  General  Hospital,  Vienna,  1875-76;    Paris, 
19A 


294  ^^^  Account  of  Bellcznic  Hospital. 

1876  ;  Interne,  Infants'  Hospital,  Randall's  Island,  New- 
York  City,  1873-74;  Sanitary  Inspector,  New- York 
City  Health  Department,  summer  corps,  1879-82. 

General  Medicine:  361  West  42d  street,  New- York 
City. 

Stokes,  Charles  Francis,  4th  Surgical  Division,  1885,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1884;  House  Surgeon,  Gouverneur 
Hospital,  N.  Y.,  1886;  in  practice,  New-York  City, 
1886-89;  Ensign  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N., 
1889-92;  Junior  Lieutenant  and  Passed  Assistant  Sur- 
geon since  1892. 

Lieutenant  and  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N. : 
care  Surgeon-General's  Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Stoll,*  Oscar  Pallette,    .    .    Medical  Division,  1852,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1851. 
Born  in  Sussex  County,  N.  J.,  1830  ;  died  in  Napa  Val- 
ley, Cal.,  March  23,  i860;  cause,  pulmonary  tubercu- 
losis. 

Stone,  Jesse  Burson,  .    .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1891,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1890. 
Address:   Wichita,  Kan. 

Stone,*  Jonathan  Coolidge,  3d  Medical  Division,  1863,  II. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1848;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1863;  As- 
sistant to  Professor  Agassiz,  surveying  the  shores  of 
Lake  Superior,  1848.  On  a  voyage  to  Singapore  on 
account  of  ill  health,  and  in  mercantile  business  there, 
1848-51;  in  California,  1851  ;  Acting  Assistant  Sur- 
geon, U.  S.  A.,  at  Military  Hospital,  New-York  City, 
(now  the  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital),  1863  ;  in  prac- 
tice in  New-York  City,  1863-64;  in  West  Farms,  N. 
Y.,  1864-68.  Born  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  October23, 
1826;  died  in  West  Farms,  N.  Y.,  April  8,  1868  ;  cause, 
acute  lobar  pneumonia.  Cousin  of  William  Coolidge 
Stone  (1882,  I). 

Stone,*  William  Coolidge,  3d  Medical  Division,  1882,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1880;  at  University  of  Freiburg, 
1882;  University  of  Vienna,  1882-83;  London,  1883. 
Residence  after  leaving  the  hospital,  New- York  City, 


Internes.  295 

1882-86;  Lakewood,  N.  J.,  1886-93.  Born  in  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  February  21,  1857  ;  died  suddenly  in  Lake- 
wood,  N.  J.,  February  5,  1893;  cause,  apoplexy. 
Cousin  of  Jonathan  Coolidge  Stone  (1863,  II). 

Stone,  William  Fletcher,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1891,  II. 

Ph.  B.,  Yale,  1882;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of 
New-York,  1890. 
Address.    143  Lamberton  street,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Strang,*  Albert, 2d  Surgical  Division,  1868,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1867;  Assistant  Inspector,  New- 
York  City  Health  Department,  1869;  Prosector  to  the 
Chair  of  Anatomy,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
1868-70;  in  practice  in  Yorktown,  N.  Y.,  1870-88. 
Died  in  New-York  City,  January  24,  1888,  aged  44 
years ;    cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 

Strong,  Cyrus  John,  .    .    .  4th  Medical  Division,  1893,  II. 

A.  B.,  Wesleyan,  1886;  A.  M.,  1889;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1890. 

Address :   Madison,  N.  J. 

Studdiford,  William  Emery,  3d  Medical  Division,  1893, 1. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1888;  A.  M.,  1891  ;  M.  D., 
Bellevue,  1891.  Nephew  of  William  H.  Katzenbach 
(1872,  II). 

Address :   Trenton,  N.  J. 

Suydam,'§  Charles  Henry,   .  2d  Medical  Division,  1862,  I. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1855;  A.  M.,  later;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1861  ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  27th  Regiment,  New  Jersey  Volun- 
teers, 1863  ;  Surgeon,  34th  Regiment,  New  Jersey  Vol- 
unteers, 1864-66. 

Swan,  Henry  Storer,    ...   2d  Medical  Division,  1873,  I. 

At  Yale,  1863-65  ;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1871  ;  Member 
of  Rhode  Island  State  Board  of  Health  since  1887  ;  Res- 
idence since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City, 
1874;  Mamaroneck,  N.  Y.,  1874-83;  Bristol,  R.  I., 
since  1883. 

General  Medicine :  Bristol,  R.  I. 


296  All  Account  of  Bcllcvjic  Hospital. 

Swift,  George  Montague,  .  4th  Medical  Division,  1881,  I. 

A.  B.,  Amherst,  1876;  A.  M.,  1879;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1879;  at  Vienna,  1881-82;  Resident  Physician, 
New-York  Foundling  Asylum,  1882-83  ;  Visiting  Phy- 
sician, St.  Mary's  Free  Hospital  for  Children,  since 
1883.  Author  of  various  articles  in  medical  journals. 
Brother  of  William  J.  Swift  (1880,  I)  and  cousin  of 
Thomas  Delano  Swift  (1881,  1). 

General  Medicine:  29  East  31st  street,  New-York 
City. 

Swift,*  J.  Foster, ist  Medical  Division,  1859,  I. 

A.  B.,  Hobart  College,  1852;  A.  M.,  1857;  M.  D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1859;  in  practice 
in  New-York  City,  1859-61  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  39th 
Regiment,  New- York  Volunteers,  1861  ;  in  practice  in 
New-York  City,  1861-70;  Lecturer  on  Diseases  of  the 
Skin,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  spring  term, 
1866-67;  Professor,  1867-71;  Professor  of  Obstetrics, 
Long  Island  College  Hospital;  Visiting  Physician,  St. 
Luke's  Hospital,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  Wo- 
man's Hospital  in  the  State  of  New- York,  and  New- 
York  Asylum  for  Lying-in  Women,  later ;  Charity  Hos- 
pital, 1866-72  ;  in  Europe  on  account  of  ill  health, 
1870-71;  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  1871-72;  in  the  south 
of  France,  1872-73  ;  in  the  island  of  Santa  Cruz,  1874- 
1875.  Born  in  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  October  31,  1833  ;  died 
in  the  island  of  Santa  Cruz,  May  10,  1875 ;  cause,  pul- 
monary tuberculosis. 

Swift,*  Thomas  Delano,  .    .  ist  Medical  Division,  1881,  I. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1875;  A.  M.,  1878;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1879;  Inspector,  New-York  City  Health  Department; 
Visiting  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary,  1881-88.  Born 
in  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  1854;  died  suddenly  in  New- York 
City,  March  3,  1888  ;  cause,  chronic  nephritis,  uraemic 
coma.  Cousin  of  William  J.  Swift  (1880,  I)  and  George 
M.  (1881,  I). 

Swift,  William  J., 2d  Medical  Division,  1880,  I. 

A.  B.  Amherst,  1873;  A.  M.,  1876;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1878;  Attending  Surgeon,  New-York  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  the  Throat,  1881  ;  Assistant  Surgeon,  New- 


Internes.  297 

York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  Diseases  of  the  Throat, 
1886-89;  Clinical  Assistant,  Columbia,  Diseases  of  the 
Throat,  since  1886;  Clinical  Instructor,  Vanderbilt 
Clinic,  Diseases  of  the  Throat,  1888-90;  Surgeon,  Met- 
ropolitan Throat  Hospital,  since  1885  ;  Medical  Ex- 
aminer, Connecticut  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company, 
since  1888.  Author  of  "Maternal  Impressions  on  the 
Foetus,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  Oct.  9,  1886;  "A  Nasal 
Speculum,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Nov.,  1887.  Brother  of 
George  M.  Swift  (1881,  I)  and  cousin  of  Thomas 
Delano  Swift  (1881,  I). 

General  Medicine :  40  East  30th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Symington,  James,    ....   4th  Medical  Division,  1877,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1875  ;  at  the  universities  of  Vienna 
and  Prague  intermittingly,  1882-86.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City,  and  several  cities 
in  Europe. 

Retired:  care  of  Albert  Symington,  Esq.,  35  Wall 
street,  New-York  City. 

Symonds,  Brandreth,  .    .    .    4th  Medical  Division,  1886,  I. 

A.  B.,  Hobart,  1881 ;  A.  M.,  1885  ;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1884;  Attending  Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Lungs,  1886-87  ; 
Northwestern" Dispensary,  1886-88;  Instructor,  New- 
York  Polyclinic,  General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the 
Chest,  1887;  Assistant  Attending  Physician,  Roosevelt 
Hospital  Dispensary,  1888-90;  Medical  Examiner, 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.,  since  1889.  Author  of  "A 
Manual  of  Chemistry  for  the  Use  of  Medical  Students," 
Blakiston,  S.  &  Co.,  1889;  "Tests  for  Sugar  in  the 
Urine,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  July,  1890. 

General  Medicine :  i  Tompkins  Avenue,  New  Brigh- 
ton, N.  Y. 

Syms,  Parker, 2d  Surgical  Division,  1883,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1882; 
Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Surgery,  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,  1883-84;  Assistant  Surgeon,  New-York 
Hospital  Dispensary,  1884-85  ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  New- 
York  Colored  Home  and  Hospital,  since  1886 ;  Assistant 


298  All  Accou7it  of  Belleinie  Hospital. 

Attending  Surgeon,  Roosevelt  Hospital  Dispensary, 
1885-86,  and  1890-91  ;  New-York  Cancer  Hospital 
since  1891  ;  Consulting  Surgeon,  New-York  Italian 
Home  Hospital,  since  1891  ;  All  Souls'  Hospital,  Mor- 
ristown,  N.  J.,  since  1892. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  55  West  36th  street, 
New-York  City. 

Synnott,*  James, 3d  Surgical  Division,   1871,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1869. 
Died  suddenly  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  March  5,  1873, 
aged  24  years ;  cause,  apoplexy. 

TAVLOR,f  Blair  Dabney,  .    .  ;^d  Medical  Division,  iSji,  I. 

Left  the  hospital  while  House  Physician.  A.  B.,  Vir- 
ginia Military  Institute,  1864 ;  M.  D.,  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, 1869;  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1870; 
at  St.  Bartholomew's  and  St.  George's  Hospitals,  Lon- 
don, 1870-71;  in  practice,  1871-75;  First  Lieutenant 
and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1875-80;  Captain 
and  Assistant  Surgeon  since  1880;  one  of  the  Secreta- 
ries of  the  Section  on  Public  and  International  Hygiene, 
International  Medical  Congress,  Ninth  Session,  1887. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Cold  Spring,  N. 
Y.,  Highland  Falls,  N.  Y.,  Charlestown,  W.  Va.,  and 
U.  S.  Army. 

Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  :  care,  Sur- 
geon-General's Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Taylor,*  William  Rowland, 

3d  Medical  Division,  1877,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1876; 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  M.  H,  S.,  1879-91  ; 
Visiting  Physician  and  Surgeon,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital, 
New  Bedford,  Mass.,  1878-91  ;  President,  Medical 
Board,  1885;  Visiting  Physician  and  Surgeon,  St. 
Luke's  Hospital,  1885-91  ;  Medical  Examiner,  Bristol 
(Mass.),  3d  District,  1880-91;  Censor,  Massachusetts 
State  Medical  Society,  1880-91  ;  Secretary,  Massachu- 
setts State  Medico-legal  Society,  1882-91 ;  Bristol  South 
District  Medical  Society,  1885-91  ;  President,  New 
Bedford  Society  for  Medical  Improvement,  1885.  Au- 
thor of  "A  Case  of  Delayed  Putrefaction,"  Bost.  Med. 


httenies.  299 

and  Surg.  Jour.,  1883;  "A  Case  of  Infanticide,"  ide7n, 
1885;  "Notes  on  the  Lawton  Murder,"  idem,  1886. 
Born  in  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  November  28,  1853  ;  died 
there,  July  20,  1891  ;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneumonia. 

Teats,*  Sylvester 2d  Surgical  Division,    1854,  I. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1853;  in 
practice  in  New-York  City,  1853-61,  and  subsequently 
until  1863  ;  Prosector  to  the  Chair  of  Operative  and 
Clinical  Surgery,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College, 
1861-63;  Assistant  Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1862; 
Medical  Director,  U.  S.  Sanitary  Commission,  on 
board  U.  S.  Transport  -S".  R.  Spaiilding,  1862.  Died 
August  19,  1887,  aged  62  years. 

Teeter,  John  Nelson,  ...  3d  Medical  Division,  1894,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1892. 
Address:   Tom's  River,  N.  J. 

Ten  Eyck,  Benjamin  Lansing, 

4th  Surgical  Division,  1886,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1885  ;  Assistant  House  Surgeon, 
St.  Michael's  Hospital,  Newark,  N.  J.,  1886-87;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear,  1886-87; 
in  private  practice,  1887-89,  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  Cohoes, 
N.  Y.,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  New-York  City,  successively. 
First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  since 
1889. 

First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.  : 
care  of  Surgeon-General's  Office,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Terriberry,   Calvin,    ...    3d  Surgical  Division,  1874,   I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1873;  Visiting  Physician  and  Sur- 
geon, General  Hospital,  Paterson,  N.  J.,  1878-89;  St. 
Joseph's  Hospital  since  1880. 

General  Medicine  :  172  Market  street,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

Thacher,  John  Seymour,  .    3d  Medical  Division,  1883,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1877;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1880;  Interne, 
New-York  State  Emigrants'  Hospital,  1883-85;  In- 
structor in  Pathology,  Carnegie  Laboratory,  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College,  1885;  New- York  Polyclinic, 


300  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

1885-90 ;  Lecturer  on  Pathology  and  General  Medicine 
since  1890;  Pathologist,  New-York  State  Emigrants' 
Hospital,  1886-90;  New-York  Colored  Home  and  Hos- 
pital, 1886-89;  Presbyterian  Hospital  since  1888;  St. 
Luke's  Hospital  since  1888. 

General  Medicine :  33  West  39th  street.  New- York 
City. 

Thomas,  Charles  Henry,  4th  Surgical  Division,  1876,  II. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1873;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1875;  Medical 
College  of  Ohio,  1886;  Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  and  As- 
sistant Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Medical  College  of 
Ohio,  1880-82. 

General  Medicine:  looi  Madison  Avenue,  Coving- 
ton, Ky. 

Thomas,  James  Clarke,  .    .  2d  Medical  Division,  1868,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1864;  A.  M.,  1867;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1868;  Visiting  Obstetrician,  New-York  Infant  Asylum. 

General  Medicine:  107  West  47th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Thomas,  Theodore  Gaillard, 

2d   Medical  Division,  1853,  II. 

M.  D.,  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina, 
1852;  at  Lying-in  Asylum,  Dublin,  1854;  hospitals  of 
Paris,  1854-56;  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispen- 
sary, New-York  City,  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  1855-60; 
Lecturer  on  Obstetrics,  University  of  the  City  of  New- 
York,  1855-60;  Adjunct  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  Columbia,  1863-65; 
Professor,  1865-79;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Women, 
1879-89;  Visiting  Physician,  Strangers'  Hospital,  New- 
York  City,  1871-72;  Bellevue  Hospital,  1859-71  ;  New- 
York  State  Woman's  Hospital,  1864-70;  Charity 
Hospital,  1860-66;  Maternity  Hospital,  1878-80;  Roose- 
velt Hospital,  1 87 1-8 1 ;  Consulting  Physician,  New-York 
State  Woman's  Hospital,  since  1870;  St.  Mary's  Fe- 
male Hospital,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1869-84;  Nursery  and 
Child's  Hospital,  New-York  City,  since  1871  ;  New- 
York  Infirmary  for  Women  and  Children  since  187 1  ; 
St.  Francis'  Hospital,  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  1870-80;  New- 
York  Foundling  Asylum  since  1880;  French  Hospital, 


Internes.  301 

since  1881  ;  President,  New-York  Obstetrical  Society, 
1866;  Secretary,  New-York  Academy  of  Medicine, 
1859-61;  Vice-President,  1878-81 ;  Medical  Society  of 
the  County  of  New-York,  1869.  Author  of  "A  Practi- 
cal Treatise  on  Diseases  of  Women,"  H.  C.  Lea,  Son  &  ■ 
Co.,  5th  ed.,  1880. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Women:  600  Madi- 
son Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Thomson,  George  William,  3d  Medical  Division,  1893,  II. 

At  School  for  Sons  of  Missionaries,  Blackheath,  Lon- 
don, 1878-84;  London  University,  1884;  M.  D.,Belle- 
vue,  1892. 

Address:   Montego  Bay,  Jamaica,  W.  I. 

Thomson,  Mason,     ....     3d  Surgical  Division,  1878,  II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1873;  A.  M.,  1876;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1876;  Attending  Physician,  New-York  Dispen- 
sary, Diseases  of  Heart  and  Lungs,  1880-85  !  Bellevue 
Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  1881-83; 
Attending  Surgeon,  Eastern  Dispensary,  1886-87. 

General  Medicine:  168  Lexington  Avenue,  New- 
York  City. 

Thomson,!  Robert  Clark,§ iSj2,  I. 

Probably  resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1850. 

TiNGLEY,  Witter  Kinney,  .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1888,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1886;  Visiting  Physician,  Work- 
house, Norwich,  Conn.,  since  1889;  President,  Norwich 
Medical  Association,  since  1890;  one  of  the  incorpora- 
tors of  and  Visiting  Physician  to  Backus  Hospital,  1892. 
Nephew  of  Elijah  C.  Kinney  (1859,  11). 

General  Medicine:   Norwich,  Conn. 

Titterington,  James  Henry,  4th  Surgical  Division,  1892,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1891. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  39  West  27th street, 
New-York  City. 


302  All  Acco7i7it  of  Bellevuc  Hospital. 

ToRREY,  Charles  Turner,  .  4th  Medical  Division,  1875,  I. 

A.  B.,  Bowdoin,  1870;   M.  D.,  Columbia,   1873;  in 
practice  in  Yarmouthville,  Me.,  1875. 
Retired:  Cumberland  Centre,  Me. 

ToRREY,t  William  Stone,  .  ist  Sta-gical  Division,  iSSj,  II. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  At  Lafayette,  1880- 
1881  ;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1884. 
Author  of  "  Inguino-properitoneal  Hernia,  with  Re- 
port of  Operation,"  Ann.  Surg.,  Mch.,  1888;  and  vari- 
ous other  articles  in  medical  journals.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital,  Scranton,  Penn.,  and  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

General  Medicine:  81  Reid  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

Towlerton,  Charles  H.,    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1891,  II. 

Graduated  at  Leavenworth  Institute,  Wolcott,  N.  Y., 
1886;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1889. 

General  Medicine  :   Lyons,  N.  Y. 

TowNSEND,  Charles  Emerson, 

4th  Surgical  Division,  1893,  II. 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1892. 
Address:   Middletown,  N.  Y. 

Townsend,  Wisner  Robinson, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1881,  II. 

A.  B.,  Columbia,  1877;  A.  M.,  1880;  M.  D.,i88o; 
Inspector,  New- York  City  Health  Department,  1881  ; 
Assistant  Surgeon,  Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Crippled, 
since  1889;  Orthopaedic  Surgeon,  New-York  Infant 
Asylum,  since  1890;  Consulting  Surgeon,  Bayonne 
(N.  J.)  Hospital,  since  1891  ;  Lecturer  on  Orthopaedic 
Surgery,  New- York  Polyclinic,  since  1890.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City,  1881 ;  South 
Pittsburgh,  Tenn.,  1882-88;  and  New-York  City  since 
1888. 

Orthopaedic  Surgery :  28  West  59th  street,  New- 
York  City. 


Interfies.  303 

Tracy,  Roger  Sherman,  .    .  3d  Medical  Division,  1869,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1862;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1868;  at  Uni- 
versity of  Berlin,  1869-70;  Sanitary  Inspector,  New- 
York  City  Health  Department,  1870-87;  Chief  Sanitary 
Inspector,  1887;  Register  of  Vital  Statistics,  1887-92. 
Author  of  "  Hygiene  of  Occupation,"  Buck's  Hygiene, 
Wm.  Wood  &  Co.,  1879,  Vol.  II.,  p.  5;  "Public 
Nuisances,"  idem,  Vol.  II.,  p.  381;  "Village  Sanitary 
Associations,"  Vol.  II.,  p.  573;  "Hygiene,"  supple- 
ment to  Foster's  "  Primer  of  Physiology,"  D.  A.  &  Co., 
1883  ;  "  Handbook  of  Sanitary  Information  for  House- 
holders," D.  A.  &  Co.,  1883;  "Essentials  of  Anatomy, 
Physiology,  and  Hygiene,"  D.  A.  &  Co.,  1884. 

Sanitary  Science :  74  West  46th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Tucker,*  George  Herriot,+  Surgical  {^)  Division,  1852,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  or  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D., 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  185 1;  Chief  of 
Bureau,  U.  S.  Sanitary  Commission,  Washington,  D. 
C. ;  Projector  and  Editor,  "  New-York  Medical  Regis- 
ter," 1860-62  ;  Compiler  of  "  Catalogue  of  Alumni  Of- 
ficers and  Fellows  of  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons."  Born  in  New- York,  December  22,  1828; 
died  in  New-York  City,  January  25,  1862;  cause,  acute 
lobar  pneumonia. 

TuNSTALL,  Alexander,  .    .   2d  Medical  Division,  1869,  II. 

At  William  and  Mary  College,  1859-61;  M.  D., 
Bellevue,  1868  ;  Interne,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital, 
New- York  City,  1869-70;  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
Norfolk  (Va.)  Medical  Society,  1870;  President,  1876 
and  1889. 

General  Medicine:  170  Freemason  street,  Norfolk, 
Va. 

Upham,*  William  Richardson, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1878,  II. 

B.  S.,  Yale,  1874;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1877;  in  practice 
in  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  1879-82.  Died  in  Yonkers,  N.  Y., 
May  24,  1882;  cause,  hypostatic  pneumonia. 


304  An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Vance,   Reuben  A.,     .    .    .     3d  Surgical  Division,  1868,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  Michigan,  1866;  Bellevue, 
1867;  Attending  Physician,  Central  Dispensary,  New- 
York  City,  1868-69  ;  Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Diseases 
of  the  Mind  and  Nervous  System,  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  College,  1868-70;  Assistant  Physician,  New- 
York  State  Hospital  for  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  Sys- 
tem, 1870;  Attending  Physician,  Dispensary  of  the 
Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  1868-70;  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital Dispensary,  1869-71  ;  Physician-in-chief,  New- 
York  Institute  for  Paralytics  and  Epileptics,  1871. 
Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City, 
1868-75;  Gallipolis,  O.,  1876-78;  Cincinnati,©.,  1878- 
1882;  and  Cleveland,  O.,  since  1882. 

General  Surgery:   298  Prospect  street,  Cleveland,  O. 

Van  der  Poel,  Samuel  Oakley, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1878,  I. 

A.  B.,  Rutgers,  1873;  A.  >L,  1876;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1876;  honoris  causa,  Albany,  1881  ;  at  University 
of  Heidelberg,  1879;  Vienna,  1880;  Adjunct  Professor 
of  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine,  Albany  (N.  Y.) 
Medical  College,  1880-83;  Visiting  Physician,  Charity 
Hospital,  New-York  City,  1885-89;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospital,  Throat  Department, 
since  1886;  Assistant  Physician,  \'anderbilt  Clinic, 
since  1887.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Al- 
bany, N.  Y.,  1880-83;  New-York  City  since  1883. 

General  Medicine:  47  East  25th  street,  New- York 
City. 

Vanderpoel,  Waldron  B.,   4th  Surgical  Division,  1881.  I. 

A.  B.,  Dartmouth,  1876;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1879; 
Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary,  General  Medi- 
cine, since  1881 ;  Visiting  Neurologist,  1882-84;  Visiting 
Physician,  Infants' Hospital,  New-York  City,  since  1884. 

General  Medicine:  106  East  24th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Van  Loan,  James  Caspar  Plimpton, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1892,  II. 
M.  D. .  Columbia,  1891. 
Address :  Athens,  N.  Y. 


Internes.  305 

Van  Santvoord,  Richard,    ist  Medical  Division,  1877,  I. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1872;  M.  D., 
Bellevue,  1875  ;  at  General  Hospital,  Vienna,  1877-78; 
Attending  Physician,  Northern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
the  Heart  and  Lungs,  1878-79;  Visiting  Physician, 
Workhouse  and  Almshouse  Hospitals,  1879-81  ;  Ran- 
dall's Island  Hospital  since  1881.  Author  of  "Note 
on  the  Causes  of  Sudden  Death  in  Thoracentesis,"  N. 
Y.  Med.  Rec,  Vol.  XVI.;  "  The  Voice  as  a  Therapeu- 
tic Agent,"  idem.  Vol.  XX.  ;  "Diseases  of  the  Spinal 
Cord,"  Wood's  Supplement  to  Zeim.  Cyclop.,  1881  ; 
"The  Danger  Attending  the  Use  of  Ether  in  Bright's 
Disease,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Vol.  XXIII. ;  "Obscure 
Cases  of  Weak  Heart,"  idem,  Vol.  XXVIII.  ;  "  Cardiac 
Lesions  in  Acute  Bright's,"  Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  N. 
Y.,  1888  ;  "  Two  Cases  of  Reynaud's  Disease,  with  Re- 
marks," N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Vol.  XXXIII.,  and  various 
other  articles  in  medical  journals. 

General  Medicine:  106  West  I22d  street.  New- York 
City. 

Van  Syckel,  Sylvester,   .    .  Surgical  Division,  1850,  III. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1846;  A.  M.,  1849;  M.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1849;  at  Quarantine 
Hospital,  Staten  Island,  New-York  Harbor,  1850-51. 

General  Medicine:    Clinton,  N.  J. 

Van  Vorst,*  John,  Jr.,    .    .    3d  Medical  Division,  1876,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1870;  A.  M.,  1873;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1874;  Interne,  Woman's  Hospital  in  the  State  of 
New-York,  1877-78;  in  practice  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
1878-87;  Visiting  Physician,  Charity  Hospital,  Jersey 
City,  N.  J.,  1880-87;  St.  Francis'  Hospital,  1881-87; 
Attending  Physician,  Central  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
Women,  1881-87.  Died  in  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1887,  aged  36  years;  cause,  acute  lobar  pneu- 
monia. 

Van  Wagenen,  George  A.,  .  2d  Surgical  Division,  1873,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1868;  A.  M.,  1871  ;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1871  ;  Visiting  Surgeon,  St.  Michael's  Hospi- 
tal, Newark,  N.  J.,  1882-87;  Medical  Director  of  Mu- 
tual Benefit  Life  Insurance  Company,  Newark,  since 


3o6  An  Account  of  Bcllcinic  Hospital. 

1878.  Author  of  "  Apparatus  for  Swinging  Compound 
Fractures,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec. ,  1873;  "'Tables  of  Results 
Obtained  in  Bellevue  of  Treatment  by  Plaster  of  Paris," 
L.  A.  Sayre's  Rept.  on  Fractures,  Trans.  Amer.  Med. 
Assoc,  1873  ;  "  Analyses  of  One  Hundred  and  Twelve 
Cases  of  Diphtheria,  Treated  during  the  Last  Two 
Years,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  1878. 

General  Medicine:  loi  North  6th  street,  Newark, 
N.J. 

Van  Wvck,  Richard  C.   .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1869,  I. 

At  Yale  Grammar  School,  1861-63  !  ^^-  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1867;  University  of  Berlin,  1869-70;  University 
of  Edinburgh,  1870;  University  Medical  College,  Lon- 
don, 1870-71  ;  London  Throat  Hospital,  1870-71  ; 
University  of  Prague,  1870.  Author  of  "Internal  Use 
of  Red  Sulphur  Water  in  the  Treatment  of  Consump- 
tion," Sept.  11,1874;  "  The  Internal  Use  of  Ammonia 
Carbonate  in  the  Treatment  of  Cerebral  Hemorrhage, 
Thrombosis,  and  Embolism."  .May  19,  1886;  "The 
Abortive  Treatment  in  Acute  Diseases."  May  12,  1887  ; 
"Prophylaxis  and  Treatment  of  Diphtheria,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Rec,  Feb.  28,  1890.  Residence  since  leaving  the 
hospital,  Denver,  Col.,  1871-72;  Mitchell  Station,  Va., 
1873-80;  Hopewell  Junction,  N.  Y.,  1880-90;  and 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  since  1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  32  Washington 
street,    Poughkeepsie,    N.    Y. 

^j    ^^r,^^.    r-      ^  ^  1st  Surgical  Division,  1866,  I. 

Varona,  Joseph  C.  de,  .    .    <;     ,  ^     ^    1  r^-  •  •         o^^  n 
'  ■'  (3d  burgical  Division,  1866,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1865.  Brother  of  Serapio  M.  de 
Varona  (1872,   I). 

General  .Medicine  and  Surgery:  227  East  31st  street, 
New-York  City. 

Varona,*  Serapio  Manuel  de, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1872,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1870;  Sanitary  Inspector,  New- 
York  City  Health  Department,  1872-73.  Born  in 
Puerto  Principe,  Cuba,  December,  1848;  died  in  New- 
York  City,  December  24,  1873;  cause,  acute  cerebral 
meningitis.  Brother  of  Joseph  C.  de  Yarona  (1866, 
I  &II). 


Internes.  307 

Vedder,   Maus  Rosa,    ...     3d  Medical  Division,  1862,  I. 

At  Union,  1856;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1861  ;  Acting 
Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1862.  Author  of  "Ex- 
tra-uterine Pregnancy,"  Amer.  Med.  Times,  1861; 
"An  Improvement  in  the  Obstetrical  Forceps,"  N.  Y. 
Med.  Rec.,Mch.,  1878;  "  The  Plaster  of  Paris  Splint ; 
Improvements  based  upon  Practice,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Jour., 
Sept.,  1888.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital, 
Flushing,  N.  Y.,  1863-71  ;  New-York  City  since  1871. 

General  Medicine:  690  Madison  Avenue,  New-York 
City. 

VOORHEES,  Reese  Hardesty,  3d  Surgical  Division,  1881,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1879;  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
in  New-York  City,  1881-87;  iri  the  practice  of  law  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  since  1887. 

Lawyer:   Washington,  D.  C. 

Wadsworth,*  Samuel  Douglass, 

4th  Medical  Division,  1864,  II. 

A.  B.,  Madison  University,  1861  ;  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1863  ;  in  practice  in  New-York  City,  1864-73  !  Assistant 
Sanitary  Inspector.  Metropolitan  Board  of  Health,  New- 
York  City,  1868.  Retired  on  account  of  ill  health,  1873. 
Born  in  Catlin,  N.  Y.,  March  16,  1834;  died  in  San 
Bernardino,  Cal.,  January  19,  1875;  cause,  pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

Walker,*  Edmund  Rhett,  .  4th  Medical  Division,  1859,  I. 

A.  B.,  South  Carolina  College,  1855  ;  M.  D.,  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia,  1857;  University  of  the  City  of  New- 
York,  1858;  Assistant  Surgeon,  C.  S.  A.,  1861-62; 
Brigade  Surgeon,  1863;  Division  Surgeon,  1863;  in 
charge  of  hospitals  in  Charlottesville,  Petersburg,  and 
Danville,  Va. ;  City  Coroner  and  Post-mortem  Physician, 
Baltimore,  Md  ,  1874;  Professor  of  Surgery,  Washing- 
ton University,  Baltimore,  and  Baltimore  Medical  Col- 
lege, 1885-91 ;  Chief  Medical  Examiner,  Equitable  Life 
Assurance  Society  of  New-York  for  Baltimore,  Md. , 
1874-91.  Residence  after  leaving  the  hospital,  Beau- 
fort, S.  C,  1861  ;  Suffolk,  Va.,  1865-68;  and  Baltimore, 
Md.,  1868-91.  Born  in  Beaufort,  S.  C,  July  13,  1836 ; 
died  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  September  30,  1891  ;  cause, 
locomotor  ataxia. 


J 


08  A?t  Account  of  Bcllevue  Hospital. 


Walker,  Henry  Freeman,  .  2d  Medical  Division,  1867,  II. 

A.  B.,  Middlebury  College,  i860;  A.  M.,  1863;  M. 
D.,  Columbia,  1866;  Clinical  Assistant,  Columbia,  Dis- 
eases of  Women,  1876-81  ;  Assistant  Attending  Physi- 
cian, Demilt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Digestion,  1869- 
1870;  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Heart 
and  Lungs,  1870-72;  Diseases  of  Women,  1872-75; 
Visiting  Physician,  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  1871- 
1875;   Bellevue  Hospital,  1875-84. 

General  Medicine :  8  East  30th  street.  New- York 
City. 

Wallace.  David  Lynde,  .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1876,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1875  ;  Visiting  Physician,  Newark 
(N.  J.)  City  Hospital,  1882-86  ;  Health  Officer,  City  of 
Newark,  1885-91. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  202  Clinton  Avenue, 
Newark,  N.  J. 

Walton,  Charles  Johnston,  4th  Medical  Division,  1858,  II. 

At  Columbia,  1844-47;  ^J-  I^-j  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,  1857. 

General  Medicine:   Whitestone,  N.  Y. 

Wardwell,*  William  Lanterman, 

1st  Surgical  Division,  1883,  II. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1879;  at  Vienna  Polyclinic  and 
General  Hospital,  Vienna;  Leipzig  and  Paris,  1879-82; 
Assistant  to  the  Chair  of  Physiology,  University  of  the 
City  of  New-York,  1883-84;  to  the  Chair  of  Anatomy, 
1884  ;  to  the  Chair  of  Surgery,  and  Instructor  in  Oper- 
ative Surgery,  New-York  Polyclinic,  1883-85;  Attend- 
ing Surgeon,  University  Dispensary,  1883-85.  Retired 
on  account  of  ill  health,  1885-89.  Author  of  "  Erysip- 
elas in  Pregnancy,"  Amer.  Jour.  Med.  Sc,  1884; 
"  Notes  on  Arteritis,"  Wyeth's  Hndbk.  Surg.  ;  also  ar- 
ticles in  Buck's  Hndbk.  Surg,  and  in  medical  journals. 
Born  in  1857  ;  died  in  Tucson,  Ariz.,  March  22,  1889; 
cause,  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Waring,  Thomas  Pinckney,  ist  Medical  Division,  1894,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  J889;   M.  D. .  Columbia,  1892. 
Address :   Savannah,  Ga. 


Internes.  309 

Warner,  Everett  Seymour,  ist  Medical  Division,  1879,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1878;  Attending  Physician,  De- 
milt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Heart  and  Lungs, 
1879-85  ;  Visiting  Physician,  Hospital  for  Nervous  Dis- 
eases, 1884-86. 

General  Medicine:  117  East  26th  street,  New-York 
City. 


Warner,  Oswald,    ....    2d  Surgical  Division,  1855,  II. 

M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  1854; 
Surgeon,  U.  S.  M.  Steamer  Baltic,  Collins  Line  be- 
tween New-York  and  Liverpool,  1855-57  ;  City  Physi- 
cian, Paterson,  N.  J.,  1858-61  ;  County  Physician,  Pas- 
saic County,  N.  J.,  1858-61  ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  N.,  1861-64;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S. 
A.,  1864-65;  Coroner,  Passaic  County,  1879-82;  Ex- 
amining Surgeon,  U.  S.  Pension  Bureau,  1869-84; 
Assistant  Pathologist,  New  Jersey  State  Asylum  for  the 
Insane,  Morris  Plains,  N.  J.,  since  1890.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  Newark,  N.  J.,  1854-58; 
Paterson,  N.  J.,  1858-90;  and  Morris  Plains,  N.  J., 
since  1890. 

General  Medicine :  Morris  Plains  Asylum  for  the  In- 
sane, Morris  Plains,  N.  J. 


Warren,  John, ist  Medical  Division,  1882,  II. 

At  Rutgers,  1876;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1881  ;  Attend- 
ing Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases 
of  the  Skin,  1882-86;  Northern  Dispensary,  Diseases 
of  Children,  1883-86;  University  Dispensary,  Diseases 
of  the  Skin,  1884-85 ;  Lecturer  on  Minor  Surgery, 
New-York  Polyclinic,  1883-84;  Sanitary  Inspector, 
New-York  City  Health  Department,  Summer  Corps, 
1885  ;  Medical  Examiner,  Equitable  Life  Assurance  So- 
ciety, since  1886.  Author  of  "  Peri-urethral  Abscess," 
May,  1885  ;  "  Eczema:  its  Diagnosis  and  Treatment," 
March,  1887;  "Transient  Glycosuria  and  its  Practical 
Bearings  in  the  Selection  of  Risks  for  Life  Insurance," 
N.  Y.  Med.  Jour.,  April,  1890. 

General  Medicine :  47  East  30th  street,  New-York 
City. 


3IO  A 71  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

Warren,*  Levi, 2d  Medical  Division,  1857,  ^• 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1856; 
in  practice  in  Lyme,  Conn.,  1857-62;  Surgeon,  24th 
Regiment,  Connecticut  Volunteers,  Department  of  the 
Gulf,  at  Hospital  Barracks,  New  Orleans,  La.,  1862-63  > 
resigned  while  ill  with  typhoid  fever;  in  practice  in 
Norwich,  Conn.,  1863-73;  Surgeon,  New  London 
Northern  R.  R.  Born  in  Paterson,  N.  J.,  1831  ;  died 
in  Norwich,  Conn. ,  February  22,  1873  ;  cause,  phlegmo- 
.  nous  erysipelas,  pyaemia,  contracted  from  a  patient. 
Cousin  of  Francis  V.  White  (1857,  I)  and  Charles  B. 
White  (1861,  I). 

Washburn,  Nathaniel  P.,  .   2d  Medical  Division,  1893,  I. 

Ph.   B.,  Yale,  1887;   M.   D.,  University  of  the  City 
of  New-York,   1891. 

Address:   Bridgewater,  Mass. 

Waterman,  James  Sears,    .    ist  Medical  Division,  1891,  I. 

M,  D.,  Columbia,  1889. 

General   Medicine:    Nostrand    Avenue   and    Macon 
street,    Brooklyn,    N.    Y. 

Watkins,  Royal  Phillips,  .  4th  Medical  Division,  1894,  II. 

A.  B.,  Amherst,  1889;   M.  D.,  Columbia,  1892. 
Address:   Gardner,  Mass. 

Welch,  William  Henry,  .  ist  Medical  Division,  1876,  I. 

a.  B.,  Yale,  1870;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1875;  at  uni- 
versities of  Strasburg,  1876;  Leipzig,  1876-77;  Bres- 
lau,  1877;  Vienna,  1878;  Munich,  1884;  Gottingen, 
1885;  Berlin,  1885;  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy,  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1879-84;  Professor  of 
Pathological  Anatomy,  1880-84;  Professor  of  Pathology, 
Johns  Hopkins  L'niversity,  since  1885.  Author  of 
"  Pathologie  des  Lungenodems,"  Virch.  Archiv.  Bd., 
72,  1878;  articles  on  general  pathology  and  pathologi- 
cal anatomy  in  Flint's  "Practice  of  Medicine,"  5th  ed., 
1 88 1,  6th  ed.,  1886;  "Organic  Diseases  of  the  Stom- 
ach," Pepper's  Sys.  Med.,  1885,  Vol.  H.,  pp.  480-620; 
"Experimental  Study  of  Glomerulo-nephritis,"  1886; 
"  Modes  of  Infection,"  1887  ;  "Hemorrhagic  Infarction," 


hiternes.  311 

1887;  "Structure  of  White  Thrombi,"  1888;  Cart- 
wright  Lectures  on  "General  Pathology  of  Fever," 
1888  ;  "  Some  of  the  Advantages  of  the  Union  of  Medi- 
cal School  and  University,"  1888;  "  Studies  from  the 
Pathological  Laboratory,  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
1890";  and  various  articles  in  medical  journals.  Resi- 
dence since  leaving  the  hospital,  New-York  City  and 
Baltimore,  Md. 

Pathological  Anatomy  and  General  Pathology  :  Johns 
Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Weldon,  John, 2d  Medical  Division,  1884,  I. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1883; 
Surgeon,  Union  Pacific  Railway  Hospital,  Denver,  Col., 
1885;  Surgeon,  Kansas  Pacific  R.  R.,  1886-89.  Resi- 
dence since  leaving  the  hospital,  Denver,  Col.,  1885; 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  1886-89;  Willimantic,  Conn.,  since 
1889. 

General  Surgery  :   Willimantic,  Conn. 

WEST,t  William  Henry,  .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  18^2,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.     M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1890. 
Address :   Waterford,  Penn. 

Westcott,  Nelson  S.,    .    .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1867,  I. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1865  ;  Attending  Physician,  Belle- 
vue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Eye  and  Ear, 
1866-72;  Northern  Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Head  and 
Abdomen,  1867-69 ;  Assistant  Sanitary  Inspector,  New- 
York  City  Health  Department,  1868-73  ;  Physician  to 
the  2d  District  Prison,  Department  of  Public  Charities 
and  Correction,  1869-74. 

General  Medicine:  156  West  12th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Wetmore,  John  McEwen, 

4th  Medical  Division,  1856,  I  &  II. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1852;  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  1855  ;  Visiting  Physician,  Homeopathic 
Hospital,  Ward's  Island,  New-York  City,  since  1875  ; 
Hahnemann    Hospital  since  1875  ;     Consulting  Physi- 


312  A?t  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

cian,  Laura  Franklin  Free  Hospital  for  Children,  since 
1886;  Visiting  Surgeon,  Ophthalmic  Hospital;  Censor, 
New-York  Homeopathic  Medical  College. 

Homeopathy:  41  East  29th  street,  New-York  City. 

Wheeler,*  William  LAMONx.t 1S62,  II. 

Resigned  while  Senior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  Columbia, 
1861  ;  Acting  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  N.,  1864-67; 
with  West  Gulf  Blockading  Squadron,  1864;  on  Ru- 
dolph and  tugs  in  Mobile  Bay,  1864;  on  U.  S.  S. 
Tennessee,  1864-65  ;  Acting  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon, 
U.  S.  N.,  1867-68;  honorably  discharged,  November 
15,  1868.  Died  suddenly  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  October 
18,  1887. 

Wheelock,  William  E.,    .    .    2d  Medical  Division,  1878,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1873;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1876;  LL.  B., 
1885. 

Lawyer :   50  Wall  street,  New-York  City. 

White,*  Charles  Belden,  .  4th  Medical  Division,  1861.  I. 

A.  B.,  New-York  Free  Academy,  1854;  A.  ^L,  1857; 
M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1859  ;  First 
Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1861-65  ; 
Captain  and  Brevet  Major  for  faithful  and  meritorious 
service,  1865;  Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  1866-75; 
Major  and  Surgeon,  1875.  Author  of  "  Some  Effects 
of  Altitude  and  Dryness  upon  Diseases,"  Ohio  Med. 
Recorder,  Vol.  III.,  p.  241;  "  Some  Remarks  on  Typho- 
malarial  Fever,"  idem,  Vol.  XV^,  p.  267;  "Report  on 
the  Epidemic  of  Yellow  Fever  in  Jackson  Barracks,  La., 
September,  1867,"  Cir.  No.  I,  p.  133,  Surg.-Gen's  Off. 
War  Dept.  Died  in  Wilton,  Conn.,  August  10,  1881, 
aged  41  years;  cause,  adeno-sarcoma  in  the  axilla. 
Brother  of  Francis  V.  White  (1857,  I)  and  cousin  of 
Levi  Warren  (1857,  I). 

White,*  Francis  Varian,   .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1857,  I. 

A.  B.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1852; 
A.  M.,  1855;  M.  D.,  1855;  Attending  Physician, 
Eastern  Dispensarj-,  New-York  City,  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren, 1857-58;  Censor,  Medical  Society  of  the  County 
of  New-York,  1880 ;  Delegate  to  the  State  Society,  1883. 


Internes.  3  1 3 

Author  of  ''  Malignant  Tumor  of  the  Antrum,"  N.  Y. 
Jour.  Med.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  225  ;  "  Ligature  of  the  Common 
Carotid,"  idem.  Vol.  II.,  p.  140;  "Railway  Injury  of 
the  Foot;  Compound  Comminuted  Fracture  of  the 
Metatarsal  Bones ;  Extensive  Suppuration  ;  Amputa- 
tion at  the  Ankle  Joint ;  Rapid  Recovery,"  idem,  Vol. 
III.,  p.  381  ;  "Remarks  on  the  Treatment  of  Fracture 
of  the  Patella,  with  a  Description  of  the  late  Dr.  Thomas 
Turner's  Apparatus,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  Vol.  II.,  p.  198. 
Born  in  New-York  City,  October  10,  1832;  died  in 
New-York  City,  October  9,  1889;  cause,  hemorrhage 
from  the  brachial  artery.  Brother  of  Charles  B.  White 
(1861,  I)  and  cousin  of  Levi  Warren  (1857,  I). 

White,*  John  Phillips  Payson, 1862,11. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1858;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1861  ;  As- 
sistant Surgeon,  9th  Regiment,  New-York  Volunteers, 
Hawkins'  Zouaves,  1861  ;  Surgeon,  loth  Regiment, 
New- York  Volunteers,  National  Zouaves,  1862;  served 
under  General  Burnside  and  in  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, 1862-63;  in  practice  in  New-York  City,  1863-82; 
Visiting  Physician,  Charity  Hospital,  1871-75  ;  Bellevue 
Hospital,  1877-82.  During  the  draft  riots  in  New-York 
City,  White  volunteered  to  assist  his  old  commander. 
General  Edward  Jardine,  in  restoring  order.  General 
Jardine  was  severely  wounded,  and.  White  remaining  with 
him,  they  were  both  captured  and  narrowly  escaped 
hanging  at  the  hands  of  the  mob.  While  the  rope  was 
about  his  neck.  White  was  recognized  by  one  of  the 
rioters  as  one  who  had  rendered  him  professional  service, 
and  he  released  him.  Born  in  Northampton,  Mass., 
July  4,  1838;  died  in  New-York  City,  December  3, 
1882;  cause,  suppurative  hepatitis,  cholaemia. 

White,  Samuel  Jessup,  Jr.,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1889,  II. 

A.  B.,  Williams,  1884;  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City 
of  New- York,  1888. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  Franklin,  N.  Y. 

White,'^,  Stuart, 2d  Medical  Division,  1859,  II. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1856;  M.  D.,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1858. 


314            ^'^  Account  of  Bellevuc  Hospital. 
Whitney, t  Thomas  R.,§ 1862,  I. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.  M.  D.,  New-York 
Medical  College,  i860. 

WiGGiN,  Frederick  Holme,  3d  Surgical  Division,   1878,  I. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1877;  Visiting  Surgeon,  City  (late 
Charity)  Hospital,  New-York  City,  1892;  Physician, 
Board  of  Education,  New-York  City,  1892.  Residence 
since  leaving  the  hospital,  Litchfield,  Conn.,  1878-90; 
New- York  City  since  1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  55  West  36th  street, 
New-York  City,  October  to  June;  Litchfield,  Conn., 
June  to  October. 

WiLDMAN,  Henry  Green,    .    3d  Surgical  Division,  1880,  H. 
AL  D.,  Columbia,  1880. 

WlLLARD,t  RUFUS, 1S62,  II. 

Resigned  while  Junior  Assistant.     M.  D.,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1861. 
General  Medicine  :   Seattle,  Wash. 

Williams,  David  Hitt,  Jr.,   3d  Medical  Division,  1889,  H. 

At  Vanderbilt  University,  1880-83;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1888. 

General  Medicine:   Knoxville,  Tenn. 

Williams,  Horace  Newell,  3d  Surgical  Division,  1884, 1. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1882;  Medical  Externe,  Rhode  Is- 
land Hospital,  Providence,  R.  I.,  1885-86. 

General  Medicine  :    106  Broadway,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Williams,*  Seth  Weston,  ^d  Medical  Division,  1880,  I. 

Died  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  Yale,  1873; 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1876;  graduated  in  the  German  clas- 
sics. University  of  Heidelberg,  1876;  in  Berlin,  1876- 
1877;  Heidelberg,  1877;  General  Hospital,  V'ienna, 
1877;  awarded  the  Flint  Prize  in  Physiology,  1876; 
and  author  of  the  Sayre  Prize  Essay  on  "The  Etiology 
and  Pathology  of  Pott's  Disease,"  1879.  While  on  his 
vacation  during  his  senior  service,  Williams  was  sud- 


Internes.  315 

denly  attacked  with  severe  neuralgic  pain  in  his  right 
eye;  on  the  fifth  day  afterward  vomiting  began,  fol- 
lowed by  right-sided  hemiplegia;  on  the  sixth  day,  dy- 
sphonia  and  dysphagia  ;  these  symptoms  progressively 
deepened,  and  he  finally  succumbed  on  the  eleventh  day 
of  his  illness.  Born  in  Nashua,  N.  H.,  April  15,  1849; 
died  in  Portland,  Me.,  September  20,  1879;  cause, 
acute  encephalitis,  forming  abscess  of  the  cerebellum  ; 
pneumonia  (post-mortem  diagnosis). 

Williamson,  Edward  Lincoln, 

2d  Surgical  Division,  1893,  II. 

A.  B.,  Dartmouth,  1889;  A.  M.,  1892;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia, 1892. 

Address :  care  of  editor. 

Wilson,  George  Flanders,  ist  Surgical  Division,  1881,  II. 

At  University  of  Virginia,  1876-79;  M.  D.,  1879; 
University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1880;  First  Lieu- 
tenant and  Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  1882-87  5  Cap- 
tain and  Assistant  Surgeon,  1887-89;  in  private  practice 
since  1889.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  U.  S. 
Army,  and  Portland,  Ore. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :   Portland,  Ore. 

Wilson,  Robert  Justice,  .    .  3d  Surgical  Division,  1892,  I. 

B.  S.,  Oregon  State  Agricultural,  1886;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1890;  Externe,  3d  Division,  Bellevue  Hospital, 
1890. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :   Corvallis,  Ore. 

Winters,  Joseph  Edcil,  .    2d  Medical  Division,  1875,  II. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1872; 
instructor  in  Anatomy,  University  of  the  City  of  New- 
York,  1873-75  ;  Demonstrator,  1873-85  ;  Lecturer  on 
Diseases  of  Children,  1881-84;  Clinical  Professor  since 
1884;  Assistant  Curator,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1875-79; 
Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary,  Diseases  of 
Children,  since  1882;  Consulting  Physician,  University 
Dispensary,  Diseases  of  Children,  since  1884;  Bellevue 
Hospital  Dispensary  since  1886.  Author  of  '"Is  the 
Operation  of  Tracheotomy  in  Diphtheritic  Croup  Dan- 


3i6  An  Account  of  Bcllcvnc  Hospital. 

gerous?  When  and  How  should  the  Operation  be  Per- 
formed?" 1884;  "Diphtheria  and  Its  Management," 
1885  ;  "Are  Membraneous  Croup  and  Diphtheria  Dis- 
tinct Diseases?"  1885;  "The  Relative  Influences  of 
Maternal  and  Wet-nursing  on  Mother  and  Child,"  1886. 
General  Medicine :  36  West  32d  street,  New- York 
City. 

Wood,  Walter  Guilds,  .    .   2d  Surgical  Division,  1890,  II. 

A.  B.,  Amherst,  1886;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1889;  at 
University  of  Edinburgh,  1887;  Clinical  Assistant  in 
Surgery,  Vanderbilt  Clinic,  1891 ;  Assistant  Surgeon, 
St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital  Dispensary,  Genito-urinary 
Diseases,  1891. 

General  Surgery :  28  Herkimer  street,  Brooklyn, 
N.    Y. 

WOODBRIDGE,*  ENOCH  Dav,    4th  Surgical  Division,  1875,  I. 

A.  B.,  Yale,  1868;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1872.  Died 
in  Vergennes,  Vt. ,  January  4,  1887;  cause,  chronic 
nephritis. 

Woodbury,  John  McGaw,    3d  Surgical  Division,  1882,  II. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1879;  A.  M.,  1882;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1881;  M.  R.  C.  S.,  London,  1883;  at  Westmin- 
ster College  Hospital,  and  Middlesex  College  Hospital, 
London,  1882-83  !  universities  of  Heidelberg  and  \"i- 
enna,  1883-84;  Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy, 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  1884;  Attending 
Orthopaedic  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary, 
1884-86;  Assistant  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dis- 
pensary, Diseases  of  Children,  1886;  First  Assistant 
Surgeon,  Roosevelt  Hospital  Dispensary,  since  1884. 
Author  of  "Disposition  of  the  Dead:  Burial  and  Cre- 
mation," 1885;  "Treatment  of  Scalds  and  Burns,"  1885. 

General  Surgery  :  28  West  20th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Woodruff,  John  Elihu,  .    .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1877,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1872;  A.  M.,  1875;  M.  D.,  Co- 
lumbia,  1875. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery  :  31  West  21st  street, 
New-York  City. 


Internes.  317 

Woodward,  Julius  Hayden,  2d  Surgical  Division,  1884, 1. 

B.  S.,  Cornell,  1879;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1882;  Uni- 
versity of  Vermont,  1882  ;  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the 
Throat,  University  of  Vermont,  1886-87  ;  Professor  of 
Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  since  1887  ;  Professor 
of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  Ear  since  1889;  Secretary 
of  the  Faculty,  1891  ;  Visiting  Ophthalmologist,  Mary 
Fletcher  Hospital,  Burlington,  Vt.,  1891.  Author  of 
various  articles  in  medical  journals.  Residence  since 
leaving  the  hospital,  Brandon,  Vt.,  1884-87;  Burhng- 
ton,  Vt.,  since  1887. 

Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Ear,  and  Throat  :  94  Church 
street,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Wright,  Clark, ist  Medical  Division,  1888,  II. 

Ph.  B.,  Yale,  1881  ;  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1885  ;  at  uni- 
versities of  Berlin  and  Vienna,  and  Hygienic  Institute, 
Berlin,  and  General  Hospital,  Vienna,  1888-90. 

General  Medicine:  165  West  85th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Wyckoff,  Richard  Morris,  2d  Surgical  Division,  1864,  H. 

A.  B.,  Amherst,  1859;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1864;  Act- 
ing Assistant  Surgeon,  U.  S.  A.,  on  S.  S.  5.  R.  Spaicl- 
ding,  1865  ;  Secretary,  Medical  Society  County  of  Kings 
(N.  Y.),  1871-82;  Visiting  Physician,  St.  Peter's  Hospi- 
tal, Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1875;  Assistant  Sanitary  Inspec- 
tor, Metropolitan  Board  of  Health,  1869;  Sanitary  In- 
spector, Brooklyn  Board  of  Health,  1873  ;  Assistant 
Sanitary  Superintendent,  1874-75  ;  Register  of  Vital 
Statistics,  1878-82;  Secretary  and  Deputy  Commis- 
sioner, 1882-86;  Chairman,  Publication  Committee, 
Medical  Society  State  N.  Y.,  1877;  one  of  the  Foun- 
ders of  Brooklyn  Pathological  Society,  1870;  New-York 
State  Medical  Association,  1883  ;  Kings  County  Medi- 
cal Association,  1887;  Secretary,  latter,  1887-88;  mem- 
ber of  Executive  Cominittee,  1889  ;  one  of  the  Editors  of 
Proceedings  of  Medical  Society  County  of  Kings,  1876- 
1884;  Vice-President,  Medico-historical  Society,  1885- 
1888.  Author  of  "Early  Medicine  in  New-York," 
Trans.  Med.  Soc.  State  N.  Y.,  1876;  "Medicine  in 
Kings  County  in  1776,"  Proceed.  Med.  Soc.  Co.  Kings, 
1876;    "The  Adirondacks  and  Hay  Fever:    Summer 


3i8  An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Mortality  and  Temperature,"  idctn,  1S77  &  1878; 
"Contributions  to  Toner's  Governmental  Report  on 
Annals  of  American  Medicine,"  1874;  "American  Medi- 
cal Colleges,"  Cyclop.  Ed.,  1879;  "Vital  Statistics  of 
Brooklyn.  1877  &  1878;  with  Tables  for  1879-81," 
1885;  "  Ex-Internes  of  Bclicvue  Hospital,"  N.  Y.  Med. 
Jour.,  May  18,  1889;  "Sir  Edwin  Chadwick,"  Hrook. 
Med.  Jour.,  Sept.,  1890;  and  various  other  articles  on 
vital  statistics  and  meteorology,  sanitation,  medical  his- 
tory, biography,  etc.,  N.  Y.  Med.  Reg.,  1880-86; 
Proceed.  Med.  Soc.  Co.  Kings,  1877-81  ;  Brook.  Med. 
Jour.,  &  Ann.  Repts.  Dep.  Health,  1878-86;  Trans. 
N.   Y.   State  Med.  Assoc. 

General  Medicine:  532  Clinton  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 
N.   Y. 

WvLiE,  Robert  Hawthorne, 

4th  Surgical  Division,    1886,  I. 

Certificate  in  Mechanics,  Cooper  Institute,  New-York 
City,  1879;  Ph.  B.,  Yale,  1883;  M.  D.,  University  of 
the  City  of  New-York,  1885  ;  at  General  Hospital,  Vi- 
enna, and  hospitals  in  Paris  and  Berlin,  1887;  At- 
tending Physician,  Bellevue  Hospital  Dispensary,  Dis- 
eases of  Women,  since  1886;  Assistant  Visiting  Physi- 
cian, Bellevue  Hospital,  since  1888;  Consulting  Sur- 
geon, Hackensack  (N.  J.)  Hospital,  1891.  Brother  of 
W.  Gill  Wylie  (1872,  I). 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  Women  :  215  West 
43d  street,  New-York  City. 

WvLiE,  Walker  Gnx,  ...   3d  Surgical  Division,  1872,  I. 

At  University  of  South  Carolina,  1868  ;  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue, 1871;  Interne,  New-York  State  Woman's  Hospi- 
tal, 1872-73  ;  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  Women,  1882 ;  Visiting  Gynaecologist, 
Bellevue  Hospital,  since  1882;  Consulting  Gynaecologist, 
Seney  Hospital.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1891  ;  Professor  of 
Diseases  of  Women,  New- York  Polyclinic,  since  1882. 
Author  of '■  Hospitals:  Their  History,  Organization,  and 
Construction."  Boylston  Prize  Essay,  D.  A.  &  Co., 
1876;  "Report  on  the  Training-school  for  Nurses  to 
be  Connected  with  Bellevue  Hospital,"  G.  Putnam's 
Sons,  1872;  "Anteflexion  of  the  Uterus:  Its  Etiology 
and  Associated  Pathological  Conditions,"  Amer.  Jour. 


Internes.  .  319 

Obstet.,  Sept.,  1883,  and  Dec,  1884;  "Observations  in 
Abdominal  Surgery,  Based  on  a  Report  of  57  Laparot- 
omies, etc.,"  Trans.  Amer.  Gyn.  Soc,  1886;  "Report 
of  125  Laparotomies,  with  Observations  on  the  Use  of 
Hot  Water  in  the  Peritoneal  Cavity  during  and  after 
Laparotomy,  to  Prevent  Shock,  etc.,"  N.  Y.  Med.  Rec, 
March,  1887;  "Ventral  Hernia,  Caused  by  Laparot- 
omy," Amer.  Jour.  Obstet.,  Jan.,  1887;  "One  Hundred 
and  Ten  Laparotomies  for  Removal  of  the  Uterine  Ap- 
pendages: Sixty-one  Consecutive  Cases  without  a 
Death,"  Ann.  Gyn.,  Dec,  1887;  "A  Year's  Work  in 
Abdominal  Surgery,  with  Report  of  Seventy-one  Cases," 
N.  Y.  Med.  Rec,  March,  1888;  "Diseases  of  the 
Uterine  Appendages:  Their  Relations  to  Pelvic  Adhe- 
sions, Displacements,  and  Abscess, "Med.  News.,  Phila., 
March,  1886;  "Menstruation  and  its  Disorders," 
Mann's  Sys.  Gynec,  Vol.  1.,-  Lea  Bros.  &  Co.,  1888; 
"Salpingitis,"  idon,  Vol.  II.  Brother  of  Robert  H. 
Wylie  (1886,  I). 

Diseases  of  Women  :  28  West  40th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Young,  Charles, 3d  Medical  Division,  1868,  I. 

A.  B.,  Princeton,  1861  ;  A.  M.,  1864;  M.  D.,  Colum- 
bia, 1866;  Visiting  Surgeon,  St.  Barnabas'  Hospital, 
Newark,  N.  J.,  1868-71,  and  since  1887;  St.  Michael's 
Hospital,  1871-83;  Newark  City  Hospital  since  1884; 
Visiting  Physician,  Essex  County  Asylum  for  the  In- 
sane, 1881-84. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery:  1058  Broad  street, 
Newark,  N.  J. 

Young,*  John  Henry  Weir,  ^d  Medical  Division,  i88j,  II. 

Died  while  Junior  Assistant.  B.  S.,  Cornell,  1879; 
M.  D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1881;  Columbia, 
1881;  before  beginning  the  study  of  medicine  he  at- 
tended academical  institutions  in  Germany  and  at  Coler- 
aine,  Ireland;  was  subsequently  graduated  from  the 
Peekskill  (N.  Y.)  Military  Academy,  and  received  the 
Putnam  County  State  Scholarship  in  Cornell.  Born  in 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  June  19,  1859;  died  in  New-York 
City,  May  3,  1882;  cause,  lymphangitis  of  the  arm, 
pyaemia,  contracted  from  an  autopsy  made  at  the 
hospital. 


320  Afi  Accoioii  of  Bellcvuc  Hospital. 

Young,  Joseph  C 3d  Medical  Division,  1874,  II. 

M.  D.,  Columbia,  1873;  Curator,  St.  Michael's  Hos- 
pital, Newark,  N.  J.;  Visiting  Physician  since  1879; 
Visiting  Surgeon  since  1888;  President,  Medical  Board, 
1 889.  Residence  since  leaving  the  hospital,  Cold  Spring, 
N.  Y. ;  Newark,  N.  J.,  since  1875. 

General  Medicine  and  Surgery :  964  Broad  street, 
Newark,  N.  J. 

Zabriskie,*  Le.MAIRE,  .    .    .    2d  Surgical  Division,  1S66,  II. 

Died  while  Senior  Assistant.  A.  B.,  New-York  Free 
Academy,  1863;  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1866.  Born  Febru- 
ary 3,  1844;  died  in  New-York  City,  March  29,  1866; 
cause,  typhus  fever,  contracted  in  the  hospital. 

Zerega,  Louis  Augustus,   .   2d  Surgical  Division,  1891,  I. 

A.  B.,  College  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1886;  M. 
D.,  Columbia,  1889. 

Address:   St.  Nicholas  Club,  New-York  City. 


THE  HOUSE  STAFFS. 


ARRANGED  CHRONOLOGICALLY. 


EXPLANATORY. 

From  1806  to  1S17  the  Resident  was  known  as  Resident  Physician  and 
Surgeon.  From  1817  to  1826  there  were  two  Residents,  known  respectively 
as  House  Physician  and  House  Surgeon.  The  term  of  office  was  not  defi- 
nitely limited.  In  1826,  when  the  Resident  Physician,  or  chief-of-staff,  was 
appointed,  he  was  given  two  assistants,  and  as  the  service  in  subsequent 
years  grew  larger  these  were  added  to  until,  in  1846,  there  were  six,  and  in 
1848  eight,  Assistant  Resident  Physicians.  These  are  arranged  in  the  list 
below  as  nearly  as  possible  in  chronological  order. 

The  Assistant  Resident  Physicians  served,  as  a  general  rule,  for  one  year, 
the  service  being  divided  as  is  shown  on  page  42. 

From  1850  the  names  given  below  are  of  the  House  Physicians  and  House 
Surgeons  only.  Since  that  date  the  staff  has  been  changed  twice  in  each 
year,  usually  on  April  i  and  October  i  ;  these  are  numbered  I  and  II  re- 
spectively. The  changes  were  frequent  during  the  year  1850  because  of  the 
different  dates  of  appointment  of  the  individual  members  of  the  staff,  many 
having  been  originally  appointed  as  Assistant  Resident  Physicians ;  three 
staffs  are  numbered,  therefore,  in  1850.  In  1850,  185 1,  and  1852,  there 
were  but  the  two  grand  divisions  of  Medical  and  Surgical,  but  since  1853, 
1,  the  names  are  given  in  the  numerical  order  of  divisions.  For  some  years 
past  the  1st  Medical  and  2d  Surgical  Divisions  were  changed  on  June  i  and 
December  i,  but  since  1890,  on  July  i  and  January  i.  The  names  on 
these  divisions  are  placed  with  staff  I  when  the  service  ends  on  July  i,  and 
with  staff  II  when  it  ends  on  January  i. 

For  the  various  changes  in  the  term  and  character  of  the  service,  see 
pages  59,  65,  and  99. 

*  Deceased,  f  Resigned.  %  Left  the  hospital  before  the  expiration  of 
the  term  of  service.     ^  Subsequent  data  not  ascertained. 


322  Afi  Account  of  Bellcvuc  Hospital. 

1 806-1808.  1 808-1 8 10. 

Richard  Seaman. §  John  Huyler.'^ 

1808.  i8io-(?) 

Hunting  Sherill.§  Creed.<^ 

1815-1817. 
Stephen  Bro\vn.* 

1817-1820. 

Medical  Division.  Surgical  Division. 

Stephen  Brown.*  John  Howe.  Jr.§ 

1820-1823. 
Belden.*  (?)  John  E.  Wester vi-:lt.* 

1823-1825. 
Belden.*  John  L.  Suckley.* 

1825-1826. 
James  H.  Rodgers.*  Theodore  F.  King.* 

1826-1833. 

Resident  Physician. 

Isaac  Wood.* 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

James  H.  Rodgers.*  Charles  S.  Trippler.* 

Theodore  F.  King.*  Edmund  G.  Rawson.* 

Samuel  Boyd,  Jr.*  William  Wilson.* 

George  Griswold.*  William  P.  Buel.§ 

Alfred  S.  Purdy.* 

1833-1834. 

Resident  Physician. 

Stephenson.  § 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

William  S.  Mayo.  Abram  Hazelhurst.§ 


The  House  Staffs.  323 

1834-1835. 

Resident  Physician. 

Benjamin  Ogden.* 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

Abram  Du  Bois.*  David  L.  Eigenbrodt.* 

1835-1837. 

Resident  Physician. 

(?) 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

Demetrius  Stamatiades.*    Casey.§ 
Thompson.^ 

1837- 

Resident  Physician. 

Benjamin  Ogden.* 

Assistant  Resident  Physiciafis. 

Abram  Du  Bois.*  Demetrius  Stamatiades.* 

David  L.  Eigenbrodt.*    Casey.§ 
Thompson.  § 

1837-1839. 

Resident  Physician. 

Henry  Van  Hoevenburg.* 

Assistant  Resident  Physician. 

Levi  Ives.* 
1840-1842. 

Resident  Physician. 

Alexander  F.  Vache.* 

Assistant  Resident  Physiciatis, 

William  Darling.*  Richard  H.  Coolidge.* 

Philip  A.  Davenport.*  John  Osborn.-^ 

Charles  G.  Barney.§  Thomas  F.  Cock. 

James  Hyslop.* 


324  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

1842-1843. 

Resident  Physician. 

Alexander  B.  Whiting.* 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

James  O.  Van  Hoevenburg.*   Scott.§ 
1843-1844. 

Resident  Physician. 

John  Corning.§ 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

Edward  R.  Chapin.*  Edmund  Stewart.^ 

1844-1846. 

Resident  Physician. 

John  McClelland.* 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

David  T.  Brown.*  Edward  Moon.* 

Nicholas  Morrell.§  William  Atwater.§ 

Hall.§  Trowbridge.^ 

Daniel  Ayres.*  H.  O.  Tallmadge. 
(Nicholas  L.  ?)  Campbell.^,  John  J.  Milhau.* 

Joseph  Winterbotham.*  John  J.  Lawrence.* 

George  H.  Bunyan.*  A.  Hubbard  Koon.§ 

(W.  C.  ?)  Spaulding.§  Peter  A.  Mullen.* 

Noah  C.  Levings.*  Henry  Moreton. 

(John  W.  ?)  Osgood. §  Jarvis  R.  Mowbray.* 

1 846 -1 847. 

Resident  Physician. 

Fenelon  Hasbrouck.* 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians. 

William  W.  Sanger.*  John  Deacon.* 

Charles  T.  Quintard.  Davis.§ 

Augustus  Van  Buren.*  James  G.  Clark. 

Moses  H.  Ranney.*  J  ohm  Gallaer.* 


TJic  House  Staffs. 


6^^ 


John  P.  Reilay. 
Nathaniel  W.  Taylor.* 
Charlton  H.  Wells. § 


Henry  S.  Hewit,* 
John  Fraime,  Jr.* 
Henry  W.  Porter.* 


1 847- 1 849. 

Residetit  Physician. 

D.  Meredith  Reese.* 


Assistant  Resideiit 
W00D.§ 

Lyman  H.  Stone.* 
Enoch  Green.* 
GoRHAM  Beals.* 
0'Neill.§ 
Henry  G.  Cox.* 

MOTT.* 

(William  M.  ?)  Gould.§ 
G.  H.  H.  Kingsbury.* 
William  R.  Blakeman.* 
Elihu  T.  Hedges.* 
Dayton.  § 

William  W.  Cahoon.* 
David  Seligman.* 
Benjamin  F.  Wendell.* 
Thomas  F.  Rochester.* 


Physicians. 

G.  D.  Daggett.* 
Louis  Fassett.§ 
(George  W.  ?)  Burrall.* 
J.  M.  Lawrence. § 
John  A.  Lidell.* 
Beszin  R.  Masters.* 
Sydney  B.  Worth.* 
Isaiah  W.  Condict.* 
R.  V.  Fairchild.* 
Desault  Guernsey.* 
Dillon  S.  Landon.* 
Henry  D.  Jenkins. 
William  B.  Bibbins.* 
Starling  Loving. 
Jonas  P.  Loines.* 
Wynne.  § 


1850,  I. 


House  Physicians. 

Henry  D.  Jenkins. 
Richard  V.  Fairchild.* 
William  B.  Bibbins.* 


House  Surgeons. 

Jonas  P.  Loines.* 
Starling  Loving. 


1850,  n. 
Desault  Guernsey.*  Jonas  P.  Loines.* 

Richard  V.  Fairchild.*        Starling  Loving. 
Isaiah  W.  Condict. 


326  A fi  Account  of  Bel/cvuc  Hospital. 

1850.  III. 

House  Physicians.  House  Surgeons. 

Desault  Guernsey.*  Wm.  H.  Cunningham. 

W.  11  H.  Richardson.*  Sylvester  Van  Syckel. 

Isaiah  W.  Condict. 

1851,  I. 
Horatio  W.  Gridley.*  John  Moore. 

Arthur  H.  Jackson.*  Charles  Page. 

Isaac  J.  Senior. 

1851,  II. 

James  B.  Adams.*  E.  Lee  Jones.* 

Richard  H.  Alexander.*     Stephen  Smith. 
Henry  K.  Olmsted,  vice 
Lefroy  Ravenhill.* 

1852.  I. 

Frederick  Nash.*  John  Moneypenny. 

R.  L.  Brodie,  vice  G.  C.  Marshall,*  vice 

Richard  H.  Alexatidcr*  i  Chas.  H.  Rawson.* 

(time  expired). 
Henry  K.  Olmsted. 

1852,  II. 

Frederick  Elliot.*  Aaron  P.  Dalrymple. 

Robert  L.  Brodie.  Guy  C.  Marshall.* 

Oscar  P.  Stoll.* 

1853,  I- 

Robert  T.  Bryan.*  John  H.  P.  Stevens.* 

J.  H.  Burford.*  Ellsworth  Eliot. 

F"rancis  H.  Garrett.* 

1853,  II. 
James  T.  Chunn.*  William  R.  Donaghe.* 

T.  Gaillard  Thomas.  George  N.  Richardson. § 

Daniel  M.  Burgess. 


The  House  Staffs.  327 

1854,  I- 

House  Physicians.  House  Surgeons. 

John  W.  S.  Gouley.  Franklin  Everts.* 

George  C.  Starke.  Sylvester  Teats.* 

Thompson  F.  Craig.* 

1854,  II. 

Henry  R.  Baldwin.  Samuel  H.  Aiken.§ 

Russell  McCord.§  Dorrance  K.   Mandeville. 

Silas  S.  Cartwright. 

1855,  I. 

Edward  F.  Mathews.  Thomas  H.  Maddux. 

Henry  B.  Sands.*  James  B.  Murdoch. 

William  Frothingham.* 

1855,  II. 

Ralph  N.  Ishaui.X  Sylvester  J.  Sawyer.* 

George  K.  Amerman.*  Oswald  Warner. 

\  Frederick  B.  Norcom.* 

1856,  I. 

Charles  L.  Ives.*  Wm.  Frothingham.* 

William  H.  Draper.  George  K.  Amerman.* 

James  D.  Galt.* 

1856,  II. 

Samuel  C.  Pointer.*  i Henry  B.  Sands* 

Henry  Janes. 

Homer  C.  Hitchcock.* 

John  McE.  Wetmore. 

1857.  I. 

James  B.  Reynolds.*  Bolling  A.  Pope. 

Levi  Warren.*  Francis  V.  White.* 

David  D.  Saunders. 
Joseph  S.  Dodge,  Jr. 


328  A71  Account  of  Bellcvuc  Hospital. 


House  /'/lysicians. 

John  R.  Buist,  vice 
Bcnjamiji  LccA 
Reuben  Cohh.* 
John  C.  Draper.* 
Joseph  Bluxome. 


1857,  n. 


1858,  I. 


John  R.  Buist. 
Robert  C.  McEwen. 
George  P.  H.\rdaway.* 
Charles  F".  W.  Haase. 


House  Surgeons. 

Isaac  N.  Himes. 
John  G.  Johnson. 


Frederick  A.  Burrall. 
John  J.  Campbell.* 


1858,  !I. 
Edward  \V.  Lambert.  Nathan  Barrows. 

Samuel  R.  Forman.  John  M.  Farrington. 

Henry  F.  Andrews. 
Charles  J.  Walton. 


1859,  I- 


Foster  Swift.* 
James  R.  Bird. 
Richard  B.  Maury. 
Edmund  R.  Walker.* 


Daniel  W.  Schmidt.* 
Charles  Phelps. 


1859,  II. 


Edward  B.  Dalton.* 
Stuart  White. <^ 
William  J.  Jones. 
Elijah  C.  Kinney.* 


i860,  I. 


Dayid  Little. 
Henry  Draper.* 
William  H.  Elliott. 
Thomas  S.  Grimke. 


Charles  P.  Russel.* 
Timothy  Babb.<§, 
Charles  Phelps. 


J.  W.  Hunt,  vice 
t  Frank  HawtJiorn.* 
John  A.  Graham. 
Charles  E.  Goddard.* 


The  House  Staffs.  329 

i860,  II. 

House  P/iysiciatis.  House  Surgeons. 

Edward  W.  Barrett.*  John  W.  Hunt. 

James  E.  Parrish.  Frederick  Bedford.* 

Alexander  Hadden.  Eugene  Peugnet.* 
John  Howe,  Jr.* 

1861,  I. 
Phanett  C.  Barker.  Erskine  Mason.* 

Luis  Fernandez.*  Isham  R.  Page. 

William  C.  Fergusson.*       Howard  Pinckney.* 
Charles  B.  White.* 

1861,  II. 

J.  Lawrence  Hicks.  B.  Avery  Segur  (acting). 

Moses  J.  De  Rosset.*  A.  L.  Lowell,*  vice 

Charles  H.  Covell.*  f  Walter  Coles.* 

William  K.  Cleveland.  Edward  S.  Bogert. 

1862,  I. 

Lewis  Fisher.*  B.  Avery  Segur. 

Charles  H.  Suydam.§  Abram  L.  Lowell.* 

Maus  R.  Vedder.  Henry  M.  Lyman. 
Francis  R.  Lyman.* 

1862,  II. 

William  H.  Martin.  iColin  Mackenzie.* 

AsAHEL  N.  Brockway.  George  W.  Carleton. 

Henry  S.  Plympton.*  Samuel  F.  Shaw.* 
George  W.  Edwards.* 

1863,  I. 

William  M.  James.  Henry  T.  Sears.§ 

William -H.  King.*  Henry  E.  Paine. 

Thomas  K.  Chandler.*  W.  C.  Pryer,*  vice 

William  H.  Ensign.*  T.  Micnson  Coati.i 


3J< 


A 71  Account  of  Bellcznic  Hospital. 


House  Physicians. 

Walter  M.  Jamks. 
Walter  R.  Gillette. 
J.  CooLiDGE  Stone.* 
William  T.  Nealis.* 


1863,  II. 


House  Surgeons. 

Washington  F.  Peck.* 
Henry  Raphael.* 
William  C.  Pryp:r.* 


1864,  I. 
William  Lee,**  vice  James  W.  Southwortii. 

George  H.  Olmsted.*  John  G.  Lauderdale. 

Walter  R.  Gillette.  Emelio  L.  Mola.* 

Jacob  B.  Luce.* 


1864,  II. 

William  Lee.* 
George  Porter.* 
George  Engs.* 
Samuel  D.  Wadswortil* 


Irving  W.  Lyon. 
Richard  M.  Wyckoff. 
Joseph  G.  Smith. § 


1865,  I. 


Francis  Delafield. 


John  S.  Bird. 


J.  Bayly  Done.* 
Orestes  M.  Pray.* 
Russell  B.  Brownell.* 


1865,  II. 
Walter  DeF.  Day.*  William  A.  Lockwood. 

Dar\yin  Everett.*  Henry  G.  Piffard. 

Edward  G.  Janeway.  John  W.  Southack.* 

Henry  C.  Eno. 


1866,  I. 


William  H.  Birckhead. 
H.  Lyle  Smith. 
P'rancis  D.  Edgerton. 
William  G.  Harrison. 


Joseph  C.  de  Varona. 
Edward  Farrell. 
Antonio  L.  Luaces.* 


1  Dr.  Lee's  death  was  reported  after  the  alphabetical  list  had  been  printed. 


The  House  Staffs. 


ZZ"^ 


1866,  II. 


House  Physicians. 

Sebastian  Amabile.* 
George  Gamble.* 
Charles  H.  Ludlum. 


House  Surgeons. 

W.  W.  Johnston. 
H.  Lyle  Smith. 
Joseph  C.  de  Varona. 


1867, 
Elijah  H.  Smith.* 
T.  DwiGHT  Bradford.* 
J.  Calvin  Mead.* 


William  R.  Fisher. 
Henry  F.  Walker. 
Henry  D.  Nicoll. 


Charles  H.  Ludlum. 
Nelson  S.  Westcott. 
David  M.  Cory. 


1867,  II. 


John  C.  Mead.* 

D.  McLean  Forman. 

Joseph  W.  Howe.* 


James  B.  Burnet. 
J.  Clarke  Thomas. 
Charles  Young. 


1868,  I. 


William  H.  Johnston. 
Albert  Strang.* 
Peter  R.  Cortelyou, 


1868,  II. 


Charles  S.  Bull. 
Henry  B.  Stoddard. 
Juan  J.  Flores. 


Charles  E.  Lockwood. 
E.  Darwin  Hudson.* 
Reuben  A.  Vance. 


1869,  I. 
William  H.  B.  Pratt.  Charles  D.  T.  Gibson. 

William  J.  Chandler.  Richard  C.  Van  Wyck. 

Roger  S.  Tracy.  Thaddeus  M.  B.  Cross. 


1869,  II. 
Benjamin  C.  Riggs.*  Henry  E.  Owen. 

Alexander  Tunstall.  Edward  B.  Bronson. 

R.  Channing  M.  Page.  Francke  H.  Bosworth. 


332  A>i  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital. 

1870,  I. 

House  Physicians.  House  Surgeons. 

Stephen  Pierson.  Alexander  C.  Graham. 

Louis  D.  Si-roat.*  Malcolm  McLean. 

Thomas  J.  Moore.  James  O.  Pingry. 

1870,  II. 

Charles  W.  Badeau.  John  G.  Curtis. 

John  J.  Reid.  Charles  McBurney. 

William  M.  Polk.  Nathan'l  G.  McMaster. 

1871,  I. 

Walter  Judson.  Joseph  D.  Bryant. 

Seneca  D.  Powell.  William  J.  O'Byrne. 

M.  G.  MiLLiKEN,*  vice  James  T.  Synnott.* 
Blair  D.  Taylor.\ 

1871,  II. 

William  D.  Schuyler.*        Thomas  K.  Cruse. 
Frank  J.  Metcalfe.*  Samuel  B.  St.  John. 

Murray  G.  Milliken.*  W.  T.  Alexander. 

1872,  I. 

John  A.  McCreery.  Duncan  C.  Lee.* 

Thomas  A.  McBride.*  Serapio  M.  de  Varona.* 

Ednvard  W.  Burnette.  W.  Gill  Wylie. 

1872,  II. 

Francis  P.  Kinnicutt.^  AMBROSE  L.  Ranney. 

Wm.  H.  Katzenbach.  Thomas  A.  McBride.* 

A.  Alexander  Smith.  John  W.  Mitchell. 

1873,  I- 

Joseph  F.  Corrigan.  William  T.  Bull,  vice 

Henry  S.  Swan.  f  W.  B.  Dunning.* 

Maurice  B.  Early.  Geo.  A.  VanWagenen. 

William  F.  Fluhrer. 


The  Ho2i.se  Staffs.  2)2>c) 

1873.  n. 

House  Physicians.  House  Siirgeoiis. 

MoLTON  H.  Forrest.  William  T.  Bull. 

L.  Bolton  Bangs.  T.  H.  Burchard. 

James  L.  Perry  (acting).  J.  D.  Griffith. 

1874,  I. 

Martin  J.  Fleming.  Leroy  J.  Brooks 

Wm.  H.  Farrington.  Mathias  Figuiera. 

James  L.  Perry.  Calvin  Terriberry. 

1874,  II. 

John  A.  Steurer.  James  H.  Hunt.* 

Robert  A.  Murray.  William  C.  Shaw. 

Joseph  C.  Young.  Glover  C.  Arnold. 

1875,  I- 

Robert  A.  Murray.  Joseph  R.  Bryan. 

Enoch  D.  Woodbridge.*  Benjamin  J.  Harlin.* 

Frederick  W.  Chapin.  Edwin  A.  Lewis. 
Charles  T.  Torrey. 

1875,  II. 

George  R.  Metcalf.  George  F.  Bates.* 

Joseph  E.  Winters.  Robert  G.  Glass.* 

Augustus  W.  Knox.  John  B.  Isham. 

John  M.  Hills.  Gustav  M.  Stoeckel. 

1876,  I. 

William  H.  Welch.  Thomas  J.  Kearney. 

Francis  A.  Smith.*  John  C.  Pennington. 

John  Van  Vorst,  Jr.*  Frederic  S.  Dennis. 

John  E.  Allen.  Wm.  C.  C.  Andrews.* 

1876,  II. 

John  C.  Kendall.  David  L.  Wallace. 

Henry  Goldthwaite.  C.  Peck  Smith. 

John  C.  Cochran.*  Henry  M.  Silver. 

Raphael  F.  Hine.*  Charles  H.  Thomas. 


334  ^'^  Acco2int  of  Bclleviic  Hospital. 

1S77,  I. 

House  Physicians.  House  Surgeons. 

R.  Van  Santvoord.  John  E.  Woodruff. 

Robert  J.  Heixmuller.*  John  F.  Sth^lwell. 

Anthony  Peck.  Arthur  Pell. 

James  Symlnoton.  George  B.  Hope. 

1877,  IT. 

WiLLLAM  A.  Gorton.  Theodore  U.  Mills. 

Henry  S.  Norris.  Edward  H.  Peaslee. 

William  H.  Taylor.*  Martin  Burke. 

Frederic  P.  Griswold.  Richard  Kalish. 

1878,  I. 
Ed\vard  Sanders.  William  L.  Cuddeback. 

William  E.  Wheelock.         S.  O.  Van  der  Poel. 
Payson  M.  Chadwick.  Frederick  H.  Wiggin. 

Herman  Canfield.  William  S.  Halsted. 

1878,  II. 

Pascal  M.  Dowd.  William  A.  Hamilton.* 

Leonard  C.  McPhail.  William  R.  Upham.* 

Charles  L.  Dana.  Mason  Thomson. 

Beverly  Livingston.*  George  E.  Munroe. 

1879,  I- 

Everett  S.  Warner.  Samuel  R.  Morrow. 

John  N.  Mackenzie.  George  P.  McCrecry.\ 

William  H.  Flint.  Gorham  Bacon. 

George  A.  Dixon.  Emanuel  Hochheimer. 

1879,  II. 
Dryden  Johnson.  Frederic  S.  Gould. 

George  S.  Conant.  Charles  E.  Ouimby. 

Caspar  Griswold.*  Timothy  M.  Cheesman. 

David  Franklin.  William  D.  McKim. 


The  Hotise  Staffs.  335 

1880,  I. 

House  Physicians.  House  Surgeons. 

Robert  Milbank.  Matthew  D.  Field. 

William  J.  Swift.  William  C.  Gorgas. 

Charles  V.  Chapin.  Charles  D.  Scudder.* 

Manuel  J.  Flores.  Nelson  Clements.* 

1880,  II. 

J.  C.  McCoy.  Haller  H.  Henkel. 

Walter  L.  Ranney.*  Silas  P.  Leveridge. 

Charles  V.  Chapin.  H.  G.  Wildm.\n. 

William  S.  Cheesman.  John  H.  Girdner. 

1881,  I. 

Thomas  D.  Swift.*  Edward  K.  Root. 

Nathan  E.  Brill.  Frank  Montgomery.* 

George  H.  Moller,  Jr.*  Reese  H.  Voorhees. 

George  M.  Swift.  Wm.  B.  Vanderpoel. 

1881,  II. 

Henry  Blodget.  George  F.  Wilson. 

W.  H.  Snow.  Wisner  R.  Townsend. 

William  B.  Anderton.  Harry  M.  Sherman. 

Charles  C.  Barrows.  L.  Emmett  Holt. 

1882,  I. 

Henry  Blodget.  A.  E.  Nichols,  vice 

Charles  W.  Pilgrim.  Henry  I.  Rayniond.i 

William  C.  Stone.*  Frank  Hartley. 

M.  Allen  Starr.  J.  McG.  Woodbury,  vice 

Morton  GrinncllA 
Frank  W.  Olds. 

1882,  II. 
John  Warren.  Arthur  E.  Nichols. 

William  R.  Pryor.  Ami  J.  Magnin. 

Fred  M.  Corwin.  John  McG.  Woodbury. 

Everett  M.  Culver.  Charles  G.  Bull. 


03^ 


All  Account  of  Bcllevuc  Hospital, 
1883,1. 


House  Physicians. 

Henry  Koplik. 
William  Fruitnight.* 
John  S.  Thacher. 
Samuel  Alexander. 


House  Surgeons. 

John  B.  Gibbs. 
Parker  Syms. 
Harry  S.  Seabrook. 
Thomas  H.  Kinnaird. 


1883,  n. 


Julius  A.  Roth. 
Casper  O.  Miller. 
Jacob  Lewengood. 
Howard  A.  Pardee. 


1884,  I. 


Condict  W.  Cutler. 
John  Weldon. 
William  F.  Acker  max.* 
Hiram  H.  Scclyc.\ 


WiLLLV.M  L.  WaRDWELL.* 

Fraser  C.  Fuller.* 
Jasper  J.  Garmany. 
Samuel  Lewengood. 


Wm.  T.  OppenhIxMER. 
John  H.  Woodward. 
Horace  N.  Williams. 
Robert  T.  Morris. 


1884,  n. 


A.  Brothers,  vice 
Jacob  H.  Frankcnbcrg.\ 
Henry  P.  Loomis. 
Hermann  M.  Biggs. 
Walter  H.  Chapin. 

1885, 
Abram  Brothers  (acting). 
Egbert  Le  Fevre. 
Henry  Herman. 
Robert  A.  Simpson. 


I. 


Le  Roy  W.  Hubbard. 
Albert  F.  Brugman. 
Frederick  Edmister. 
John  R.  Conway. 


Fred  W.  Gwver. 
W.  V.  Hazelton  (acting). 
Samuel  H.  Pinkerton. 
Willis  W.  French.* 


1885,  H. 
Abram  Brothers.  Henry  S.  Stearns. 

Floyd  M.  Crandall.  L.  W^  Hotchkiss,  vice 

Reginald  H.  Sayre.  William  F.  Hazelton.i 

John  H.  French.  Garry  de  N.  Hough. 

Charles  F.  Stokes. 


The  JToicse  Staffs. 


3Z7 


1886,  I. 

Hojisc  Physicians.  Hotisc  Stirgeons. 

Alexander  B.  Pope.  John  W.  Keefe. 

Trumbull  W.  Cleaveland.  Lucius  W.  Hotchkiss. 
Robert  J.  Carlisle.  Nathan  S.  Jarvis. 

Brandreth  Symonds.  Robert  H.  Wylie. 


1886,  II. 
Samuel  W.  Lambert.  Clarence  H.  Gardner. 

Adolph  W.  Berle.  John  T.  Howell. 

Thomas  J.  Charlton.  Sollace  Mitchell. 

James  H.  Kingman.  Benjamin  L.  Ten  Eyck. 


1887,  I. 


John  S.  Ely. 
J.  Clifton  Edgar. 
Lewis  M.  Silver. 
John  C.  Spencer. 


1887,  II. 


W.  N.  Hubbard  (acting). 
W.  Travis  Gibb. 
William  H.  Navniiack.X 
Edgar  N.  McGiffert. 


Joseph  C.  Clark. 
Alexander  B.  Johnson. 
George  G.  Larcombe. 
George  W.  Crary. 


David  D.  Jennings. 
Otto  J.  Gutsch. 
H.  Seymour  Houghton. 
M.  A.  Crockett. 


1888,  I. 


William  N.  Hubbard. 
Edward  J.  Lorenze. 
Witter  K.  Tingley. 
Solomon  H,  Kempner. 


George  H.  Coombs. 
A.  H.  Leyton  (acting). 
Thomas  McCann. 
William  C.  Braisted. 


1888,  II. 
Clark  Wright. 
Cornelius  G.  Coakley. 
RuTSON  Maury.* 
James  Stafford. 

1  Dr.  Ballou's  death  was  reported  after  the  alphabetical  list  had  been  printed 


Irving  S.  Haynes. 
Albert  H.  Leyton. 
John  F.  Erdmann. 
William  R.  Ballou.*^ 


2,;^S  Afi  Account  of  Be  Hemic  Hospital. 

1889,  I. 

House  Physicians.  House  Surgeons. 

John  W.  Pakkish.  Charles  \V.  Jackson. 

Juan  J.  Martinez.  Edward  A.  Keilv. 

Robert  \V.  Greene.*  Charles  H.  Chetwood. 

Clarence  A.  Smlfh.  Daniel  R.  Phillips. 

1889,  II. 

Harry  McM.  Painter.  Samuel  J.  White,  Jr. 

Thomas  J.  Dunn.  Clarence  L.  Lewis,  Jr. 

David  H.  Williams,  Jr.  Lawrence  Litchfield. 

Alexander  La.mbert.  Chauncev  P.  Biggs. 

1890.  I. 

Edwin  K.  Losee.  W.m.  N.  MacArtnev. 

Samuel  Cummings.  Royal  W.  Pinney. 

David  H.  McAlpin,  Jr.  William  B.  Arnold. 

James  H.  McIntosh.  Theodore  Dunham. 

1890,  II. 

Stewart  Paton.  Herbert  L.  Constable. 

Marcos  M.  Rodrig.uez.  Walter  C.  Wood. 

Austin  Flint,  Jr.  George  D.  Stewart. 

W.  Evelyn  Porter.  Morton  R.  Peck. 

1891,  I. 

James  S.  Waterman.  William  E.  Chase. 

George  C.  Pope.  Louis  A.  Zerega. 

George  P.  Biggs.  Charles  W.  Banks. 

William  S.  MacLaren.  John  M.  Brooke. 

1891,  II. 
Hermann  A.  L.  Schneider.  William  F.  Stone. 
Charles  H.Towlerton.       Milton  E.  Artman. 
Jesse  B.  Stone.  P'rank  H.  Munkwitz. 

Samuel  K.  Bremner.  Walter  Bensel. 


The  House  Staffs. 


;39 


!,  I. 


House  Physicians. 

Martin  J.  Echeverria. 
Charles  A.  Knight. 
Oswald  O.  Cooper, 
lomax  gwathmey. 


1892,  II. 
Thomas  L.  Richards. 
George  D.  Hamlen. 
William  J.  Pulley. 
Frank  C.  Hollister. 

1893,  I. 
Charles  W.  Stewart. 
Nathaniel  P.  Washburn. 
William  E.  Studdiford. 
Daniel  B.  Hardenbergh. 


House  Surgeons. 

Clarence  R.  Chapman. 
Clarence  Glisan. 
Robert  J.  Wilson. 
Elmer  F.  Berkele.* 

George  B.  Gushing. 
James  C.  P.  Van  Loan. 
S.  Dana  Hubbard,  Jr. 
James  H.  Titterington. 

George  N.  Stockwell.X 
Charles  H.  DeLancy. 
Harry  H.  Nelden. 
Thomas  B.  Enders. 


SUMMARY. 

Total  number  of  Resident  Physician  and  Surgeons,  5  ;  1  House  Physi- 
cians and  House  Surgeons,  6  (one  died  of  typhus  fever  contracted  in  the 
house) ;  Resident  Physicians,  1 1  ;  2  8  of  these  are  reported  deceased  and  3 
are  missing.  Of  the  Assistant  Residents  92  are  reported  ;  57  are  deceased, 
25  missing  and  10  are  Hving — 10  died  of  typhus  fever  contracted  in  the 
house.  From  1850, 1,  to  1893, 1,  both  inclusive,  there  have  been  634^  appoint- 
ments to  the  staff,  and  in  addition  there  are  18  who  are  now  serving  in  the 
hospital  (exclusive  of  the  appointments  made  on  April  i,  1893).  Of  the 
634,  448  are  now  living,  172'i  deceased,  and  14  are  missing.  The  resigna- 
tions number  54;  of  these  27  are  living,  20  are  deceased,  and  7  missing; 
in  addition  13  left  the  hospital  before  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  service, 
16  died  while  on  duty  and  2  before  beginning  the  service,  leaving  549  as 
the  number  of  those  who  completed  the  full  term  ;  of  these  409  are  living, 
133  are  deceased,  and  7  are  missing. 

1  It  is  uncertain  how  long  Dr.  Creed  served,  probably  not  for  the  five  years  from 
1810  to  1815,  however. 

2  For  the  term  from  1835  to  1837  no  name  is  obtainable. 

3  This  includes  7  who  have  been  already  counted  among  the  Assistant  Resident 
Physicians. 

•t  This  includes  2  deaths  reported  after  the  alphabetical  list  was  printed. 


340  Aji  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

The  appointments  on  the  house  staff  made  on  April  i,  1893,  were  the 
foUosving:  2d  Medical  Division,  Charles  George  SprouU,  M.  D.,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1893,  for  2  years  from  April  i,  and  Robert  C. 
James,  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1893,  for  2  years  from 
October  i,  1893;  3d  Medical  Division,  John  Patrick  Conroy,  M.  D.,  Belle- 
vue,  1893,  for  18  months  from  April  i,  and  Frederic  William  Fabricius, 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1893,  for  18  months  from  October  i,  1893;  4th  Medical 
Division,  Frederick  Fuller  Russell,  M.  D.,  Columbia,  1893,  for  2  years  from 
April  1,  and  Harry  Pierce,  M.  D.,  Albany  Medical  College,  1893,  for  2 
years  from  October  i,  1893  ;  ist  Surgical  Division,  Samuel  Emmet  Getty, 
M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1893,  for  18  months  from 
April  I,  RoUin  Alanson  Curtiss,  M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York, 
1893,  for  2  years  from  April  i,  and  Albert  Leroy  Flanders,  M.  D. .  Uni- 
versity of  the  City  of  New-York,  1893,  for  2  years  from  October  i,  1893 ;  3d 
Surgical  Division,  Winfield  Ayres,  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1893,  for  18  months 
from  April  i,  and  William  Chittenden  Lusk,  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1893,  for 
18  months  from  October  i,  1893;  4th  Surgical  Division,  Robert  Gold- 
thwaite,  Jr,,  M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1893,  for  18  months  from  April  i,  and  Louis 
P.  Smith,  M.  D,,  Columbia,  1893,  for  18  months  from  October  i,  1893. 
For  the  externe  appointments,  see  List  of  Externes  on  page  341, 


EXTERNES. 


The  externe  service  was  established  upon  several  divisions 
in  the  spring  of  1889.  These  divisions  were  the  1st  Surgical 
and  2d  Medical,  and  the  3d  Divisions.  A  second  Junior  As- 
sistant was  added  to  the  4th  Medical  Division,  who  is  in  the 
regular  line  of  succession  to  the  House  service,  whereas  the 
externes  serve  for  one  year  only, —  for  six  months  on  the  medi- 
cal, and  for  six  months  on  the  surgical  side, —  and  are  not  in  the 
line  of  promotion.  The  externe  service  on  the  2d  Medical  Di- 
vision was  discontinued  on  April  i,  1891,  and  the  2d  Junior 
Service  was  adopted  instead.  In  October,  1892,  an  externe 
service  was  added  to  the  4th  Surgical  Division,  so  that  at  pres- 
ent the  division  staffs  consist  of  four  men,  except  upon  the  ist 
Medical  and  2d  Surgical  Divisions, —  the  3d  Medical  and  ist, 
3d,  and  4th  Surgical  Divisions  having  externes,  the  2d  and  4th 
Medical  each  two  Junior  Assistants. 

BowEN,  Henry  Charles,    .    ist  Surgical  Division,  1892-93. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1892. 
Address:  Westfield,  Mass. 

Carlton,  James  Flake,    .  4th  Surgical  Division,  1892-93. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1891. 
Address:  Statesville,  N.  C. 

Cassel,  James  Wilson, 3d  Divisions,  1889-90, 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1889. 

General  Medicine  :    148  West  I32d  street,  New-York 
City. 

22A  341 


342  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

^  AT    TT  ^  2d  Medical  Division,  )      ^o 

Clark,  M.  H <  .  ,.c      •    i  t^-  •  •       \   1889-90. 

'  (  1st  Surgical  Division,  S 

M.  D.,   University  of  the  City  of  New- York,  1889. 

^     ,      ^,      ,      ,.      ,     ,  (2d  Medical  Division,  ?      „ 

Darby,  Charles  S.,  Jr., i    .      ^'  ,   .  o        •     1  r>-   •  •      ^    1890-91. 

(  1st  Surgical  Division,  ^        ^     ^ 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York.  1890; 
resigned,  1890. 

General  Medicine  :   Stamford,  Conn. 

Halliday,  Edward  Vivian,    ...    3d  Divisions,  1893-94. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1893. 

Address:   Mandeville,  Jamaica,  \V.  I. 

HoAG,  Ward  Bryant, 3d  Divisions,  1892-93. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1892. 

General  Medicine:  115  West  95th  street,  New- York 
City. 

KiNNE,  William, 3d  Divisions,  1891-92. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1891. 

General  Medicine:    464  Fourth  Avenue,  Brooklyn, 

N.   Y. 

Kolaskv,  Henry  M., 3d  Divisions,  1892-93. 

At  College  of  City  of  New-York;   M.  D.,  Bellevue, 
1892. 
Address  :  945  First  Avenue,  New-York  City. 

Levba,  Edward  Philip  Willem,  .  3d  Divisions,  1889-90. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1889;  Assistant  to  the  chair  of 
Laryngology  and  Rhinology,  New-York  Polyclinic, 
1890-91  ;  to  the  chair  of  Genito-urinary  Diseases,  Sy- 
philology  and  Dermatology,  Bellevue  Hospital  Medical 
College,  1890-92  ;  Attending  Surgeon,  Bellevue  Hospi- 
tal Dispensary,  Diseases  of  the  Skin  and  Genito-urinary 
Diseases,  1890-92. 

General  Medicine :  39  West  27th  street,  New-York 
City. 


Externes.  343 

L'HOMMEDIEU,  John  B.,  .     .  ist  Surgical  Division,  1891-92. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1891. 
Address:   Medina,  N.  Y. 


Neuhaus,   George  E., 3d  Divisions,  1891-92. 

At  Gymnasium,  Goerlitz,  Germany,  1876-84;  gradu- 
ate of  Friedrich-Werdersche  Gymnasium,  Berlin,  1886; 
at  University  of  Berlin,  1889;   M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1891. 

General  Medicine:  171  West  95th  street,  New-York 
City. 

Parker,  Ransom  Joseph,  .   4th  Surgical  Division,  1893-94. 
M.  D.,  Columbia,  1893. 

Teeter,  Charles  Edwin,    ....    3d  Divisions,  1893-94. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1893. 
Address:   Tom's  River,  N.  J. 

Virden,  John  Elmer, 3d  Divisions,  1890-91. 

A.  B.,  Ohio  Normal  University,  1886;  A.  M.,  1889; 
M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1890. 

General  Medicine:   Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Whitcomb,  John  Lewis    (  2d  Medical  Division,  )      „ 

Church,  ^  ist  Surgical  Division,  ^    ^    9091. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1890. 
General  Medicine :  974  Boston  Avenue,  New-York 
City. 

Wilson,  Robert  J., 3d  Divisions,  1890-91. 

See  List  of  Internes,  1850-94. 


344 


An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 


HAEC    AIEA   ORNAMEXTA    SUNT." 


Belden, 

John  James  Lawrence,  August  15, 
Augustus  Van  Buren,   .    May  18, 
Henry  William  Porter,  .... 
Gorham  Beals,    ....  January  9, 
William  Rufus  Blakeman,  .    .    . 
William  Wirt  Cahoon,    .  August, 

Elihu  T.  Hedges, 

Enoch  Green 

David  Seligman 

Sydney  B.  Worth, 

Horatio  Wells  Gridley,  March, 
Lefroy  Ravenhill,  .  .  .  May  24, 
Joseph  B.  Richards,  .  .  .  June  4, 
Henry  White  Cook,  .  .  March  17, 
William  Hebron  King,  March  21, 
Geo.  Herschel  Olmsted,  Dec.  16, 
Eugene  O.  Rowe,  .  .  January  12, 
Henry  J.  Devlin,  ....  April  5, 
George  Clinton  Dewey,  April  17, 
Lemaire  Zabriskie,  .  .  March  29, 
Richard  Varick  Pell,  August  22, 
Seth  Weston  Williams,  Sept.  20, 
Eben  Hunt,  ....  September  3, 
Geo.  Henry  Ham.mond,'  May  18, 
John  Henry  Weir  Young,  May  3, 
Wm.  Hustace  Hubbard,     May  29, 


825,  T\-phus  Fever. 
846. 

847, 
847. 


848, 
848, 
848, 
848, 
848, 
849, 
851, 
851, 
860. 
863. 
863. 
863, 
864, 
864, 
864, 
866, 
866, 

879. 
880, 
881, 


Appendicitis. 
T\'phus  Fever. 


Asiatic  Cholera. 
Encephalitis. 
Diphtheria. 
Septicaemia. 


884.  Typhoid  Fever. 


I  Erroneously  inscribed  as  John  H.  Hammond  on  the  memorial  tablet  in  the  Board 
Room  at  the  hospital.     The  first  thirteen  names  have  not  been  inscribed  on  the  tablet. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  MENTAL  DISEASES. 


GENERAL  SUPERINTENDENT. 
Macdonald,  Alexander   Edward, 1886- 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1870; 
House  Physician,  New-York  Hospital  for  Epileptics, 
1870-71  ;  Senior  Assistant  Physician,  New-York  City 
Asylum  for  the  Insane,  1871  ;  Physician,  1873-80;  In- 
terne, Charity  Hospital,  1871-73;  Professor,  Medical 
Jurisprudence  and  Psychological  Medicine,  University 
of  the  City  of  New-York,  1874-92  ;  Emeritus  since  1892. 

Address:  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Ward's  Island,  New- 
York  City. 


EXAMINERS  IN  LUNACY. 
Hardy,*  William  Lewis, 1879-86. 

M.  D.,  Bellevue,  1871  ;  Interne,  Centre  Street  Re- 
ception Hospital,  1 87 1  ;  Surgeon,  School-ship  Mercury, 
1872;  Resident  Physician,  New-York  City  Inebriate 
Asylum,  1874-75  ;  Physician  to  City  Prison,  1879-86. 
Born  in  New-York  City,  May  18,  1849;  died  in  New- 
York  City,  April  24,  1886;  cause,  cerebro-spinal  men- 
ingitis. 

Jackson,*  William  Wiley, 1879-82. 

M.  D.,  University  of  the  City  of  New-York,  1874. 

Field,  Matthew  D., 1882- 

See  List  of  Internes,  1850-94. 
345 


346            ^  fi  Accoimt  of  Bellcvtic  Hospital. 
Fitch.  Allkn, 1886- 

M.  U.,  Albany,  1879:  Universityof  the  City  of  New- 
York,  1880. 

Mental  Diseases:  158  West  34th  street,  New-York 
City. 


RESIDENT  PHYSICIANS. 

WiLDMAN,    HEXRV    VALENTINE, 1 882-87. 

At  Bow  Institute,  London,  Eng.,  1868-73;  M.  D., 
University  of  Michigan,  1880;  Assistant  Physician, 
New-York  City  Lunatic  Asylum,  1^80-82  ;  Substitute 
Examiner  in  Lunacy,  Department  of  Public  Charities 
and  Correction,  New-York  City,  since  1887  ;  Instructor 
in  Nervous  and  Mental  Diseases,  New-York  Polyclinic, 
1887-88;  Attending  Physician,  Demilt  Dispensary, 
Diseases  of  the   Nervous   System,    1889-90. 

General  Medicine  and  Diseases  of  the  Nervous  Sys- 
tem :    108  West  94th  street,  New-York  City. 

Douglas,  Stuart 1887- 

Graduatcd  Leesburgh  Academy,  1878;  M.  D.,  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia,  1881  ;  Columbia,  1882;  Assistant 
Physician,  New-York  City  Lunatic  Asylum,  1882-87. 

Mental  Diseases :  35  West  36th  street,  and  Bellcvuc 
Hospital,  New-York  City. 


RESIDENCE  DIRECTORY. 


EXPLANATORY. 

f  Resigned;   t  Left  before  expiration  of  term  of  service;  Ex.  Externe. 

This  list  does  not  include  the  names  of  those  who  have  recently  left  the 
hospital,  except  in  instances  in  which  the  place  of  permanent  residence  has 
been  decided  upon.  The  addresses  given  in  the  alphabetical  list  for  the 
members  of  the  recent  staffs  are  the  home  addresses  —  permanent  ad- 
dresses, but  not  necessarily  the  places  of  actual  residence. 


UNITED  STATES. 

ALABAMA. 
Bir7ningham WiLLiAM  H.  JOHNSTON  .  2oi2>^  First  Avenue. 

ARKANSAS. 

Little  Rock Solomon  H.  Kempner    .  Fifth  and  Main  streets. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Alameda Charles  G.  Bull 

Los  Angeles John  W.  Hunt 135  South  Grand  Avenue. 

Pasadena John  B.  Isham 66  North  Euclid  Avenue. 

Saft  Francisco JOSEPH  Bluxome 217  Powell  street. 

Harry  M.  Sherman  . .    .  705  Sutter  street. 

John  C.  Spencer Crocker  Building. 

Santa  Barbara  . .    .Frederic  S.  Gould  .... 

COLORADO. 

Antonito Dryden  Johnson 

Denver Frederic  H.  Lay  f 811  Seventeenth  street. 


348  An  Account  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Ansonia RosciUS  Y.  Downs  f  .  .  .  .  194  Main  street. 

Bridgeport HENRY  BlodGET 313  State  street. 

Derby Royal  W.  Pinney 

Hartford THOMAS  B.  Endeps Highland  street. 

Irving  W.  Lyon   26  Buckingham  street. 

Henry  K.  Olmsted.  .    . .  (Retired). 

Edward  K.  Root 238  Main  street. 

Samuel  B.  St.  John  ...  .43  Pratt  street. 
Litchfield    William  S.  MacLaren  . 

Frederick  H.  Wiggin.  .(June  to  October). 

Mcriden FREDERIC  P.  Griswold  .481  Broad  street. 

Middletown FRANCIS  D.  Edgerton  .  .  26  Washington  street. 

New  Haven Walter  Judson 1145  Chapel  street. 

William  F.  Stone  143  Lamberton  street. 

Norfolk   John  C.  Kendall 

Norwalk William  A.  Lockwood  .23  West  Avenue. 

Norwich Anthony  Peck 4  Sachem  Terrace. 

Witter  K.  Tingley  ...  .28  Washington  street. 

Satigatuck Henry  C.  Eno (Retired). 

Stamford CHARLES  S.  DARBY,  jR.  t  ■  Ex. 

Willimantic John  Weldon   

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Washington William  W.  Johnston  .  1603  K  street,  N.  W. 

John  Moore,  Brig.-Gen., 

U.  S.  A.     (Retired.) .  .  .903  Si.xteenth  street,^N.  W. 
Reese  H.  VoORHEES (Lawyer). 

FLORIDA. 

Jacksonville Sollace  Mitchell 95  West  Forsyth'street. 

Saint  Leo Joseph  F.  Corrigan      . 

Winter  Park Nathan  Barrows    .  .    .  .Rollins  College.      (Not  in 

practice. ) 

GEORGIA. 

Marietta PETER  R.  CORTELYOU  .  .  . 

Savannah Thomas  J.  Charlton   . . 

William  H.  Elliott.  . .  .92  Gwinnett  street. 

George  G.  Larcombe  .  .82  Liberty  street. 
Washington Henry  F.  Andrews  .... 

Robert  A.  Simpson 


Residence  Directory. 


349 


ILLINOIS. 

Areola Henry  D.  Jenkins (Farmer. ) 

Chicago X  Ralph  N.  Isham 321  Dearborn  Avenue. 

Henry  M.  Lyman 65  Randolph  street. 

Dixon Henry  E.  Paine 


Indianapolis 
La  Poi'te  . .  .  . 


INDIANA. 

John  E.  Virden,  Ex. 
. f  George  L.  Andrew. 


KANSAS. 
Leavetiworth DANIEL  R.  PHILLIPS 

Wichita JESSE  B.  Stone 


.Care  Dr.   Samuel  Phillips, 
Delaware  and  Fifth  streets. 


KENTUCKY. 

Covington Charles  H.  Thomas.  . .  .  looi  Madison  Avenue. 

Lexington Joseph  Bryan 115  East  Main  street. 

Thomas  H.  Kinnaird  .  .40  East  Main  street. 


Baker 


LOUISIANA. 
Thomas  H.  Maddux.  . 


MAINE. 

Auburn f  Wallace  K.  Oakes 

Brunswick George  H.  Coombs  . . 

Cumberland  C?«/£'r.  Charles  T.  Torrey  . 


(Retired.) 


Baltimore 


MARYLAND. 

.William  S.  Halsted  . 
William  G.  Harrison 
John  N.  Mackenzie  . . 

Caspar  O.  Miller 

ISHAM  R.  Page 

William  H.  Welch  . . 


Johns  Hopkins  Hospital. 
.26  Mount  Vernon  Place. 
.605  North  Charles  street. 
.836  North  Eutaw  street. 

1206  Linden  Avenue. 
Johns  Hopkins  L^niversity. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Amherst JHlRAM  H.  Seelye 

Boston t Ernest  W.  Gushing 

Lowell George  W.  Carleton. 


168  Newburv  street. 


350  An  AccoiDit  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Lynn +  REUBEN  F.  DEARBORN  .  i6  South  Common  street. 

New  Bedford Garry  de  N.  Holgh  ...  .95  Elm  street. 

Newtonville HENRY  B.  Stoddard  ,    . 

Springfield Frkderick  W.  Chapin  .  .  20  Maple  street. 

Walter  H.  Chapin.  .  .     675  State  street. 
Westfield Henry  C.  Howen,  Ex  . . 

MINNESOTA. 

Dulitth Edgar  N.  McGiffert  . .  i  West  Superior  street. 

St.  Paul .  .  .George  R.  Metcalf.  ...  i  10  West  Fourth  street. 

MISSOURI. 

Glasgo7u James  W.  Southworth  . 

Kansas  City JEFFERSON  D.  Griffith. Ninth  st.  and  Grand  Ave. 

{Archibald  La\vson.  . . .  1120  Main  street. 

NEBRASKA. 
Omaha Payson  M.  Chadwick  .  . 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 
Wolf  bora JCharles  F.  Roberts.  . . 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Allendale Charles  W.  Badeau  . . . 

Asbury  Park fJOHN  W.  ROBIE 

Bayonne  City Fred  M.  Corwin V/est  Sixth  street. 

Clinton Sylvester  Van  Syckel  . 

Do%>er Isaiah  W.  Condict 

East  Orange William  B.  Arnold.  . .  .56  State  street. 

Freehold D.  McLean  Forman  ... 

Hoboken William  R.  Fisher  ...  .711  Washington  street. 

Jersey  City Samuel  R.  Forman  ...  .319  Bergen  Avenue. 

Madison William  H.  Martin  ... 

Morris  Plains Oswald  Warner Morris  Plains  Asylum. 

Morristown Phanett  C.  Barker.  .  .  . 

John  C.  Pennington       (Retired.) 

Stephen  Pierson 50  South  street. 

Newark J  AMES  B.  BuRNET 16  Chestnut  street. 

Geo.  a.  Van  WaGENEN  .  loi  North  Sixth  street. 

D.wiD  L.  Wallace 202  Clinton  Avenue. 

Charles  Young 1058  Broad  street. 

Joseph  C.  Young 964  Broad  street. 


Residence  Directory.  351 

New  Brunswick  . . .  Henry  R.  Baldwin 

Nufley William  E.  Chase 

Paterson Calvin  Terriberry 172  Market  street. 

South  Oraflge VVlLLIAM  J.   CHANDLER.  . 

Stanhope Harry  H.  Nelden 

NEW-YORK. 

Albany Samuel  R.  Morrow  ....  29  South  Hawk  street. 

Auburn W.  S.  Cheesman,  Jr.  .    .  22  William  street. 

Binghatnton John  M.  Farrington.    .11  Jay  street. 

Brooklyn James  R.  Bird 122  Putnam  Avenue. 

Frederick  Edmister.    .319  Ninth  street. 

Mathias  Figuiera 12  Stuyvesant  Avenue. 

John  G.  Johnson 153  Joralemon  street. 

William  Kinne,  Ex  .  .  .  .464  Fourth  Avenue. 

Edwin  A.  Lewis 102  Pierrepont  street. 

Leonard  C.  McPhail.    .  127  Pierrepont  street. 

D.  K.  Mandeville 15  Fourth  Avenue. 

William  H.  B.  Pratt  .  .94  Sixth  Avenue. 

Avery  Segur 281  Henry  street. 

t William  S.  Torrey.  .81  Reid  Avenue. 

James  S.  Waterman  .  .  .Nostrand  Ave.  &  Macon  st. 

Richard  M.  Wyckoff.  .532  Clinton  Avenue. 

Walter  C.  Wood 28  Herkimer  street. 

Buffalo M.  A.  Crockett 482  Franklin  street. 

fARTHUR  W.  Hurd State  Asylum  for  Insane. 

Cambridge John  Moneypenny 

Central  Valley James  F.  Ferguson  . .  .  .Falkirk. 

Dansville MiLTON  E.  Artman   .... 

Flushing Joseph  L.  Hicks 

Fort  Covington  . . .  .William  N.  MacArtney 

Frattklin Samuel  J.  White,  Jr.  . . 

Goshen Arthur  Pell 

Hempstead Charles  H.  Ludlum  .  .  . 

Hudson H.  Lyle  Smith 

Hyde  Park John  S.  Bird 

Ithaca Chauncey  P.  Biggs  . 

Johtistown John  W.  Parrish 

Lyons Charles  H.  Towlerton 

Medina CLARENCE  R.   CHAPMAN  . 

John  B.  L'Hommedieu,  Ex. 

Middletoiun THEODORE  D.  Mills   . .  . 

Millbrook,   Dutchess 

County James  O.  Pingry 


352  An  Account  of  Bcllcvnc  Hospital. 

New  Brighton   .  .  .  .Brandreth  Symonds.  .  .  i  Tompkins  Avenue. 

Newburgh John  T.  Howell 205  Grand  street. 

A^ew-Vork  City      .  .  SAMUEL  ALEXANDER.  ...  5  West  58th  street. 

WelcomeT.  Alexander  St.  Nicholas  Av.&  157th  st. 

John  E.  Allen 470  West  144th  street. 

William  B.  Anderton   34  West 47th  street. 

Glover  C.  Arnold 115  East  30th  street. 

GoRHAM  Bacon 63  West  54th  street. 

L.  Bolton  Bangs 31  East  44th  street. 

t  Solomon  Barnett    . .  .365  West  30th  street. 

Charles  C.  Barrows      7  East  36th  street. 

Walter  Bensel 64  East  79th  street. 

Adolph  W.  Berle   145  Avenue  B. 

George  P.  Biggs 5  West  58th  street. 

Hermann  M.  Biggs 5  West  58th  street. 

Francke  H.  BOSWORTH.26  West  46th  street. 

\.\THAN  E.  Brill 805  Lexington  Avenue. 

Asahel  N.  Brockway  .  .50  East  126th  street. 

Edward  B.  Bron^on    . .  123  West  34th  street. 

Abr.a.m  Brothers 162  Madison  street. 

Albert  F.  Brugman  .  .  .588  East  141st  street. 

Joseph  D.  Bryant  54  West  36th  street. 

Charles  S.  Bill.     ...  47  West  36th  street. 

William  T.  Bull    35  West  35th  street. 

T.  Herring  Burchard  .7  East  48th  street. 

Martin  Burke 147  Lexington  Avenue. 

Edward  W.  Burnette  .56  West  35th  street. 

Frederick  A.  BuRRALL.48  West  17th  street. 

Robert  J.  Carlisle.  . .  .34  West  47th  street. 

James  W.  Cassel,  Ex.  ...  148  West  i32d  street. 

tGEO.  W.  Chamberlain  439  Lexington  Avenue. 

T.  M.  Cheesman 46  East  29th  street. 

Charles  H.  Chetwood.  109  East  34th  street. 

fSTEPHEN  J.  Clark 21  West  nth  street. 

T.  W.  Cleaveland   .  .    .242  West  43d  street. 

Cornelius  G.  Coaklev  126  East  45th  street. 

tTlTUS  M.  COAN 67  East  54th  street. 

George  S.  Conant 148  East  i8th  street. 

Herbert  L.  Constable.  125  West  34th  street. 

John  R.  Conway 130  Lexington  Avenue. 

Floyd  .\L  Crandall  ...  113  West  95th  street. 

George  W.  Crary 152  West  57th  street. 

Thaddeus  AL  B.  Cross   Sturtevant  House. 

Everett  NL  Culver 124  W^est  95th  street. 


Residence  Directory.  ^c^ 

New-York  City  .      John  G.  Curtis 127  East  35th  street. 

CoNDiCT  W.  Cutler  . .  .260  West  57th  street. 

Aaron  P.  Dalrymple  .  .337  West  35th  street. 

Charles  L.  Dana 50  West  46th  street. 

Francis  Delafield  ....  12  West  32d  street. 

Frederic  S.  Dennis 542  Madison  Avenue. 

George  A.  Dixon 15  West  49th  street. 

Joseph  S.  Dodge,  Jr.  .  ,  .(Dentist),  15  West  20th  st. 

Stuart  Douglas Bellevue  Hospital. 

William  H.  Draper 19  East  47th  street. 

Theodore  Dunham 347  Lexington  Avenue. 

Thomas  J.  Dunn 2735  Webster  Avenue. 

Maurice  B.  Early 84  Macdougal  street. 

Martin  J.  Echeverria  .  102  West  74th  street. 

J.  Clifton  Edgar 115  East  35th  street. 

Elsworth  Eliot 48  West  36th  street. 

John  S.  Ely 147  West  73d  street. 

Henry  C.  Eno (Retired),  iii  Broadway. 

John  F.  Erdmann 141  West  34th  street. 

Wm.  H.  Farrington  .  .  .Astor  House. 

James  F.  Ferguson 168  Lexington  Avenue. 

Matthew  D.  Field.  ....  115  East  40th  street. 

Martin  J.  Fleming 132  Lexington  Avenue. 

Austin  Flint,  Jr 252  Madison  Avenue. 

William  H.  Flint 37  East  33d  street. 

William  F.  Fluhrer.  .  .479  Fifth  Avenue, 
t  Jacob  H.  Frankenberg  142  East  74th  street. 

David  Franklin 17  East  129th  street. 

t  Rowland  G.  Freeman  147  West  57th  street. 

John  H.  French 43  West  5  ist  street. 

Jasper  J.  Garmany 40  West  40th  street. 

W.  Travis  Gibb 365  Lexington  Avenue. 

John  B.  Gibbs 28  West  20th  street. 

Charles  D.  Gibson (Business),  31  Pine  street. 

Walter  R.  Gillette.  .  .24  West  40th  street. 

John  H.  Girdner 31  West  38th  street. 

Henry  Goldthwaite  .  .  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel. 
John  W.  S.  Gouley  .  .  .  .324  Madison  Avenue. 

t  Morton  Grinnell Audubon  Park,  W.  157th  st. 

Fred  W.  Gwyer 332  Lexington  Avenue. 

Charles  F.  W.  Haase.  .794  Lexington  Avenue. 
Alexander  Hadden  ...  155  East  51st  street. 

George  D.  Hamlen 159  Lexington  Avenue. 

Frank  Hartley 7  West  31st  street. 


354  ^^^  Account  of  Bclleviic  Hospital. 

New-  York  City.  .  . .  Irving  S.  Haynes 316  East  86th  street. 

Henry  Herman 627  Lexington  Avenue. 

t  Christian  A.  Hertkr  .839  Madison  Avenue. 

John  M.  Hills (Retired),  Hotel  St.  Marc. 

Ward  B.  Hoag,  Ex 115  West  95th  street. 

Emanuel  Hochheimer  .224  East  72d  street. 
Frank  C.  Hollister  .  .  .226  West  75th  street. 

L.  Em.mett  Holt 15  East  54th  street. 

George  B.  Hope 34  West  51st  street. 

Lucius  W.  Hotchkiss  .  .5  East  41st  street. 
H.  Seymour  Houghton  301  West  88th  street. 
LeRoy  W.  Hubbard   ...  161  West  23d  street. 
William  N.  Hubbard  .  .7  East  41st  street. 
Charles  W.  Jackson  ...  168  West  8ist  street. 
Edward  G.  Janeway  . .  .36  West  40th  street. 

David  D.  Jennings 333  East  20th  street. 

Alexander  B.  Johnson.  12  West  loth  street. 

Richard  Kalish 50  West  36th  street. 

Wm.  H.  Katzenbach.  .  .22  West  45th  street. 
Thomas  J.  Kearney.  . . .  126  East  29th  street. 

Edward  A.  Keily 138  West  104th  street. 

t  Francis  P.  KiNNlcurT.42  West  37th  street. 
Henry  M.  Kolasky,  Ex.  .945  First  Avenue. 

Henry  Koplik 175  East  70th  street. 

Alexander  Lambert.  .  .2  East  37th  street. 
Edward  W.  Lambert  .  .2  East  37th  street. 
Samuel  W.  Lambert  .  .  .2  East  37th  street. 

Egbert  LeFevre 161  West  23d  street. 

Silas  P.  Leveridge 271  East  Broadway. 

Jacob  Lewengood 129  East  84th  street. 

Samuel  Lewengood.  ...  129  East  84th  street. 
Clarence  L.  Lewis,  Jr.  (Not  in  practice), 77  Pine st. 
Albert  H.  Leyton  256  West  57th  street. 

Charles  E.  Lockwood.  .  59  West  36th  street. 

Henry  P.  Loomis 58  P^ast  34th  street. 

Edward  J.  Lorenze   .  . .  1584  Madison  Avenue. 
David  H.  McAlpin,  Jr.  .40  West  40th  street. 
Charles  McBurney       .28  West  37th  street. 

John  A.  McCreery 350  Lexington  Avenue. 

William  D.  McKim  . .    .751  Madison  Avenue. 

Malcolm  McLean 28  East  126th  street. 

Nathan.  G.  McMASTER.322  East  15th  street. 

Robert  Milbank 154  West  48th  street. 

Robert  T.  Morris 133  West  34th  street. 


Residence  Directory.  355 

New-York  CUy George  E.  Munroe  ...  .43  East  33d  street. 

Robert  A.  Murray  ...  .235  West  23d  street. 
tWiLLiAM  H.  Nammack.ii  Rutgers  Street. 
George  E.Neuhaus,  Ex.  171  West  95th  street. 

Henry  D.  Nicoll 51  East  57th  street. 

Henry  S.  Norris 123  West  34th  street. 

William  J.  O'Byrne.  .  .  .328  Alexander  Avenue. 

Frank  W.  Olds 26  West  71st  street. 

Henry  F.  Owen 40  West  56th  street. 

R.  Channing  M.  Page.  .31  West  33d  street. 

H.  McM.  Painter 602  Lexington  Avenue. 

Stewart  Paton 596  Lexington  Avenue. 

Edward  H.  Peaslee.  .    .29  Madison  Avenue. 

Morton  R.  Peck 66  East  126th  street. 

James  L.  Perry 79  West  47th  street. 

Charles  Phelps 34  West  37th  street. 

Henry  G.  Piffard 10  West  35th  street. 

William  M.  Polk 7  East  36th  street. 

Alexander  B.  Pope  ....  126  West  45  th  street. 

George  C.  Pope 933  Park  Avenue. 

W.  Evelyn  Porter 50  West  33d  street. 

Seneca  D.  Powell 12  West  40th  street. 

William  R.  Pryor 15  Park  Avenue. 

William  J.  Pulley 227  East  86th  street. 

Charles  E.  Quimby  ...  .44  West  36th  street. 
Ambrose  L.  Ranney.  ...  156  Madison  Avenue. 

JDavid  L.  Rauch 103 1  Lexington  Avenue. 

John  J.  Reid 853  Lexington  Avenue. 

Julius  A.  Roth 308  East  79th  street. 

Edward  Sanders 126  East  82d  street. 

Reginald  H.  Sayre  ....  285  Fifth  Avenue. 
H.  A.  L.  Schneider  . . . .  i86  Ninth  Avenue. 
Harry  H.  Seabrook  ...  118  East  72d  street. 

Henry  M.  Silver 39  Seventh  street. 

Lewis  M.  Silver 103  West  72d  street. 

fGEORGE  L.  Simpson.  .  .  .296  WilHs  Avenue. 
A.  Alexander  Smith  .  .40  West  47th  street. 

C.  Peck  Smith 246  West  44th  street. 

Stephen  Smith 574  Madison  Avenue. 

James  Stafford 157  Madison  Avenue. 

M.  Allen  Starr 22  West  48th  street. 

Henry  S.  Stearns 21  East  44th  street. 

John  A.  Steurer 78  West  47th  street. 

George  D.  Stewart  ...  149  Lexington  Avenue. 


356  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

New-York  City John  E.  Stillwell 151  East  21st  street. 

GUSTAV  Stoeckel 361  West  42d  street. 

Wm.  E.  Studdiford.  .  .  .95  Park  Avenue. 

George  M.  Swift 29  East  31st  street. 

William  J.  Swift 40  East  30th  street. 

James  Symington.    (Re-  ^ 

tired),     Care      Albert  >  35  Wall  street. 
Symington,  Esq ) 

Parker  Syms 55  West  36th  street. 

John  S.  Thacher 33  West  39th  street. 

J.  Clarke  Thomas 107  West  47th  street. 

T.  Gaillard  Thomas.  .  .6cx3  Madison  Avenue. 

Mason  Thomson 168  Lexington  Avenue. 

James  H.  Titterington  39  West  27th  street. 

WiSNER  R.  TowNSEND.  .28  West  59th  street. 

Roger  S.  Tracy 301  Mott  street. 

S.  Oakley  VanderPoel.47  East  25th  street. 

W.  B.  Vanderpoel 106  East  24th  street. 

R.  Van  Santvoord 106  West  I22d  street. 

Joseph  C.  de  Varona  .  .227  East  31st  street. 

Maus  R.  Vedder 690  Madison  Avenue. 

Henry  F.  Walker 8  East  30th  street. 

Everett  S.  Warner  ...  117  East  26th  street. 

John  Warren 47  East  30th  street. 

Nelson  S.  Westcott     .156  West  12th  street. 

John  McE.  Wetmore.  .  .(Homeopath), 41  E.  29th st. 

William  E.  Wheelock. (Lawyer),  50  Wall  street. 

JohnL.C.Whitcomb,  Ex.  974  Boston  Avenue. 

Frederick  H.  Wiggin.  .55  West  36th  street. 

H.  Valentine  WiLDMANi  108  West  94th  street. 

Joseph  E.  Winters 36  West  32d  street. 

John  McG.  Woodbury  .  28  West  20th  street. 

John  E.  Woodruff  ...  .31  West  21st  street. 

Clark  Wright 165  West  85th  street. 

Robert  H.  Wylie 215  West  43d  street. 

W.  Gill  Wylie 28  West  40th  street. 

Norwich Leroy  J.  BROOKS 

Olean JOSEPH  C.  Clark 

Oswego Pascal  M.  Dowd 

Peekskill CHARLES  A.  Knight  — 

Portchester Edward  F.  Mathews  .  . . 

PortJervis CHARLES  W.  BANKS 

William  L.  Cuddeback. 

1  See  Resident  Physicians,  Department  of  Mental  Diseases. 


Residence  Directory.  357 

Ponghkeepsie Richard  C.Van  Wyck.  .32  Washington  street. 

Rochester David  Little 162  Plymouth  Avenue. 

Arthur  E.  Nichols  ....  Electrical  business. 

Roxbury Silas  S.  Cartwright.  . . 

Rye David  M.  Cory 

Saratoga  Springs  .  .Robert  C.  McEwen  .  . .  .  i  Franklin  Square. 

Upper  Red  Hook  . .  .Edwin  K.  Losee 

l/tzca William  M.  James 166  Genesee  street. 

Wappinger' s Falls .  .Thomas  K.  Cruse 

Willard Charles  W.  Pilgrim.  .  .Supt.,  Willard  State  Hos- 
pital. 
Whitestone Charles  J.  Walton 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Blowing  Rock \  Charles  Carter 

Goldsborojcgh William  J.  Jones 

Raleigh AUGUSTUS  W.  Knox  .... 

Statesville James  F.  Carlton,  Ex.  . 

OHIO. 

Cleveland Isaac  N.  Himes 603  Prospect  street. 

Reuben  A.  Vance 298  Prospect  street. 

Columbus Starling  Loving 229  East  State  street. 

OREGON. 

Coniallis Robert  J.  Wilson 

Portland John  M.  Brooke 

Clarence  Glisan 

George  F.  Wilson 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Erie William  K.  Cleveland. 

Philadelphia Molton  H.  Forrest (Retired),  4029  Walnut  st. 

t  William  W.  Gray  .... 

t  Benjamin  Lee 1532  Pine  street. 

Howard  A.  Pardee  . . .  .3410  Baring  street. 
Pittsburg Lawrence  Litchfield.  .Neville  street. 

Thomas  McCann .928  Penn  Avenue. 

t  David  M.  McMASTERS.Cor.  Linden  &  Penn  Aves. 

James  B.  Murdoch 4232  Fifth  Avenue. 

William  C.  Shaw 135  Wylie  Avenue. 

Waterford f  William  H.  West  — 


35S  An  AccoiDit  of  Bcllcznic  Hospital. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Bristol Herman  Canfield  ....  Hopeworth. 

Henry  S.  Swan 

Newport William  H.  Birckhead. 

Pawtucket James  H.  Kingman 72  Broadway. 

Providence Charles  V.  Chapin  . .    .City  Hall. 

Clarence  H.  Gardner.  154  North  Main  street. 

William  A.  Gorton.  .  .  .Butler  Hospital  for  Insane. 

John  W.  Keefe 440  Broad  street. 

John  W.  Mitchell 227  Benefit  street. 

Horace  N.  Williams.  . .  106  Broadway. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Charleston Robert  L.  Brodie 29  Coming  street. 

Thomas  S.  Grimke 68  Columbus  street. 

Newberry James  H.  McIntosh  .... 

TENNESSEE. 

Franklin \  Watson  M.  Gentry  . .  . 

Knoxville David  H.  Williams,  Jr. 

Memphis RICHARD  B.  Maury in  Court  street. 

Dudley  D.  Saunders  .  .480  Shelby  street. 
Nashville JOHN  R.  BuiST 151  North  Spruce  street. 

TEXAS. 

Dallas Alexander  C.  Graham. 

BOLLING  A.  Pope 609  Main  street. 

UTAH  TERRITORY. 
Salt  Lake  City SAMUEL  H.  PiNKERTON  .236  Main  street. 

VERMONT. 

Burlington JULIUS  H.  WOODWARD  .  .94  Church  street. 

Springfield f  William  F.  Hazelton. 

Waterbury Henry  J anes 

VIRGINIA. 

Hicksford GEORGE  C.  Starke (Merchant). 

Lexington John  A.  G  RAH  AM 

Norfolk LOMAX  GwATHMEY 26  Bute  street. 

Alexander  Tunstall.  .  170  Freemason  street. 


Residefice  Directory.  359 

Portsmouth James  E,  Parrish 408  Middle  street. 

Richmond Thomas  J.  Moore 400  East  Franklin  street. 

Wm.  T.  Oppenhimer.  . . .  106  North  9th  street. 
Staunton H ALLER  H.  Henkel  .... 


WASHINGTON. 
Seattle CLARENCE  A.  Smith  .... 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Hinton Oswald  O.  Cooper 

Wheeling ...  George  B.  Gushing  .... 

WISCONSIN. 

Milwaukee Frank  H.  Munkwitz.  .  .469  Juneau  Place. 

Sheboygan Otto  J.  Gutsch 


FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 

CANADA. 
Ontario,  Hamiltofi  .Samuel  Cummings 256  East  Main  street. 

CENTRAL  AMERICA. 

Costa  Rica,  Heredia,  Manuel  J.  Flores  1 . . . . 

M.  M.  Rodriguez 

Nicaragua, 

Granada Juan  J.  Martinez 


FRANCE. 
Paris Ami  J.  M agnin 47  Rue  Cambon. 

NOVA  SCOTIA. 
Halifax Edward  Farrell 48  Morris  street. 

1  See  List  of  Internes  1850-94. 


360  An  Accojint  of  Bcllcviic  Hospital. 

WEST  INDIES. 
Colony   of  Holland, 

Curafoa ISAAC  J.  SENIOR 

Cuba,  Mariana Daniel  M.  Burgess Sanitary  Inspector,   U.  S. 

M.  H.  S. 
Jamaica, 

Mandeville Edward  V.  Halliday,  Ex. 

Montego  Bay  ....  GEORGE  W.  THOMSON . 


UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

Brigadier-General,  JOHN  MoORE  (retired),  903  Sixteenth  street,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Colonel  and  Assistant  Surgeon-General,  Charles  Page,  Governor's 
Island,  New-York  Harbor. 

Colonel  and  Surgeon,  fFRED  C.  AiNSVVORTH,  Office  of  Secretary  of  War. 

Major  and  Surgeon,  John  V.  Lauderdale. 

Captain  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  William  C.  Gorgas,  ^George  Mc- 
Creery,  tBLAiR  D.  Taylor,  {Henry  I.  Raymond,  Nathan  S. 
Jarvis. 

First  Lieutenant  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  Benjamin  L.  Ten  Eyck. 


UNITED  STATES  NAVY. 

Captain  and  Medical  Director,  Edward  S.  Bogert,  U.  S.  Naval  Hos- 
pital, Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Junior  Lieutenant  and  Passed  Assistant  Surgeon,  Charles  F.  Stokes. 
Ensign  and  Assistant  Surgeon,  William  C.  Braisted. 


UNITED  STATES  MARINE  HOSPITAL  SERVICE. 
Sanitary  Inspector,  Daniel  M.  Burgess,  Havana,  Cuba. 


THE  BELLEVUE  STAFF. 

April    I,    1893. 

Commissioners  of  Public  Charities  and  Correction. 

H.  H.  Porter,  President. 
*      Charles  E.  Simmons,  M.  D.,  Edward  C.  Sheehy. 

MEDICAL  BOARD. 


Consulting  Physicians. 
John  T.  Metcalfe. 
Francis  Delafield. 
Edward  G.  Janeway. 
Walter  R.  Gillette. 

Visiting  Physicians. 
\st  Medical  Division. 

Abraham  Jacobi. 
J.  West  Roosevelt. 
Walter  B.  James. 

id  Medical  Division. 

Alfred  L.  Loomis. 
.William  M.  Polk. 
William  H.  Thomson. 
Henry  P.  Loomis. 


Consulting  Surgeons. 
Lewis  A.  Sayre. 
Edward  L.  Keyes. 
Stephen  Smith. 


Visiting  Surgeons. 
\st  Surgical  Division. 

Lewis  A.  Stimson. 
George  Woolsey. 
Fred  W.  Gwyer. 

7.d  Surgical  Divisiojt. 

Frank  H.  Markoe. 
Bern  B.  Gallaudet. 
Robert  W.  Taylor. 


361 


362 


All  Acco2int  of  Dclleviie  Hospital. 


Visiting  Physicians. 
"^d  Medical  Division. 

William  T.  Lusk. 
A.  Alexander  Smith. 
Austin  Flint. 
Hermann  M.  Biggs. 

\th  Medical  Division. 

W.  Gill  VVylie. 
Charles  L.  Dana. 
George  B.  Fowler. 
J.  W.  Brannan.' 

Assistant 
Visiting  Physicians. 

\st  Medical  Division. 

F.  W.  Jackson. 

zd  Medical  Division. 

C.  L.  Quimby. 

\th  Medical  Division. 

R.  W.  Wilcox. 


Visiting  Surgeons. 
2fd  Surgical  Division. 

Joseph  D.  Bryant. 
Frederic  S.  Dennis. 
Samuel  Alexander. 

4M  Surgical  Division. 

John  W.  S.  Gouley. 
Charles  Phelps. 
William  F.  Fluhrer. 


Assistant 
Visiting  Surgeons. 

\st  Surgical  Division. 

H.  S.  Stearns. 

2d  Surgical  Division. 

L.    W.    HOTCHKISS. 

\th  Surgical  Division. 

J.  R.  Conway. 


Assistant  Visiting  Gynecologists. 
2d  Medical  Division. 

C.  C.  Barrows. 

3^/  Medical  Division. 

A.  Flint,  Jr., 

4//i  Medical  Division. 

R.  H.  Wylie. 


HOUSE  STAFF. 


\st  Medical  Division. 

Charles  W.  Stewart 
Jesse  W.  Lazear. 
T.  Pinckney  Waring. 


\st  Surgical  Division. 

Solomon  C.  Minor. 
John  F.  Hagerty. 
Samuel  E.  Getty. 
Rollin  a.  Curtiss. 

1  Vice  Walter  R.  Gillette,  resigned,  1893. 


The  Belhvue  Staff.  363 

zd  Medical  Division.  2d  Surgical  Division. 

Walter  C.  Gibson.  Charles  H.  DeLancy. 

Russell  Bellamy.  Edw'd  L.  Williamson. 

John  H.  Rose.  William  G.  Lyle. 
Charles  G.  Sproull. 

2,d  Medical  Division.  3^  Surgical  Division. 

William  G.  Thomson.  Julius  R.  Fabricius. 

John  N.  Teeter.  Frank  J.  Connelly. 

John  P.  Conroy.  Winfield  Ayres. 

Edward  V.  Halliday,  Ex.  Charles  E.  Teeter,  Ex. 

^th  Medical  Division.  \th  Surgical  Division. 

Cyrus  J.  Strong.  Charles  E.  Townsend. 
Edward  S.  Farrington.       Almon  H.  Cooke. 

Royal  P.  Watkins.  R.  Goldthwaite,  Jr. 

Frederick  F.  Russell.  Joseph  R.  Parker,  Ex. 

Ambulance  Surgeons. 

F.  A.  Wild.  R.  A.  Curtiss. 

Max  Dantes.  C.  F.  Sanborn. 

Charles  Rice,  Ph.  D.,  CJiief  of  General  Drug  Department. 
Warden.  Assistant  Warden. 

William  B.  O'Rourke.  M.  G.  Rickard. 

Matron.  Chaplain. 

Agnes  S.  Brennan.  Rev.  H.  St.  Geo.  Young. 

Register. 

James  Gleason. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MENTAL  DISEASES. 

A.  E.  Macdonald,  General  Siiperintetident. 
Examiners  in  Lutiacy. 

Matthew  D.  Field.  Allen  Fitch. 

Resident  Physician. 

Stuart  Douglas. 


THE  SOCIETY  OF  THE  ALUMNI  OF 
BELLEVUE  HOSPITAL. 

This  society  had  its  origin  at  a  meeting  called  for  the  pur- 
pose, at  the  residence  of  Dr.  F.  W.  Gwyer,  32  Second  street, 
in  this  city,  on  Monday,  June  28,  1886.  Previously  to  this 
there  had  been  two  societies  of  a  somewhat  similar  nature, 
one  about  1855,  and  another  in  1864.  The  society  of  1855 
lasted  through  several  years,  and  when  finally  disorganized, 
the  records,  papers,  etc.,  remained  in  the  possession  of  the 
late  Dr.  Henry  B.  Sands,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  but 
have  since  been  lost.  On  February  10,  1864,  the  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  Union  was  formed.  It  was  composed  of  the 
resident  staffs  of  Bellevue  and  the  Island  hospitals.  The  meet- 
ings were  held  every  Thursday  in  the  doctors'  rooms  in 
Bellevue  Hospital,  for  the  discussion  of  interesting  cases  oc- 
curring in  the  wards  of  the  two  hospitals,  and  the  demon- 
stration of  pathological  specimens.  The  officers  were  elected 
twice  a  year ;  none  but  house  physicians  or  house  surgeons 
were  eligible  to  the  office  of  president.  The  society  elected 
delegates  to  the  American  Medical  Association  once  at  least, 
but  it  is  not  known  if  they  qualified.  This  society  was  in  ex- 
istence until  1869.     The  officers,  as  far  as  known,  were  the 

following : 

1865  1867  1868 

President J.  W.  SouTHACK.  H.  F.  Walker.         J.  J.  Flores. 

Vice-president A.  LuACES.  W.  H.  Johnston.   T.  M.  B.  Cross. 

Recording  Secretary E.  H.  SMITH.  H.  B.  STODDARD.    R.  C.  VAN  Wyck. 

Corresponding  Secretary  .   Y..  Farrell.  P.   R.  Cortelyou.  W.  H.  B.  Pratt. 

Treasurer D.   M.  L.  FoRMAN. 

In  response  to  the  invitation  issued  by  Dr.  Gwyer,  sixteen 
ex-members  of  the  staff  met  at  his  house  and  took  prelimi- 

364 


The  Ahiinni  of  Belleviie  Hospital.  365 

nary  steps  toward  the  establishment  of  the  present  society. 
The  first  regular  meeting  was  held  at  the  Carnegie  Laboratory 
on  October  5,  1886.  The  membership  was  limited  at  first  to 
those  who  had  left  the  hospital  subsequently  to  1880.  This 
was  thought  best,  because  in  view  of  the  several  failures  at  es- 
tablishing a  permanent  organization,  this  attempt  was  but  a 
tentative  one.  But  this  was  soon  recognized  as  an  unwise  re- 
striction, and  in  the  following  February  all  ex-members  of  the 
house  staff  were  made  eligible.  The  society  flourished  from 
the  first.  From  a  membership  of  nineteen,  the  number  had 
increased  at  the  end  of  a  year  to  forty-one.  Since  then  it  has 
steadily  grown.  Its  objects,  as  stated  in  its  constitution,  are 
the  "  advancement  of  medicine  and  surgery,  and  the  promo- 
tion of  social  intercourse  among  its  members."  The  meetings 
have  been  held  in  the  parlors  of  the  Hotel  Brunswick,  since 
April,  1890,  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  each  month  at  8:30 
P.  M.,  excepting  the  months  of  July,  August,  and  September. 
As  a  general  rule  they  are  largely  attended.  The  first  part  of 
the  evening  is  devoted  to  the  presentation  of  cases  and  papers^ 
and,  after  a  short  time  devoted  to  executive  business,  a  colla- 
tion is  served. 

The  society  early  inaugurated  a  series  of  annual  meetings. 
The  first  of  these  was  held  at  the  Academy  of  Medicine,  in 
April,  1888,  when  an  address  was  given  on  "Predisposition  in 
Tuberculosis,"  by  Dr.  William  T.  Councilman,  of  Baltimore. 
The  second  address,  in  April,  1889,  was  delivered  by  Prof. 
Osier,  then  of  Philadelphia,  on  "  Phagocytes,"  after  which  a 
reception  was  given  to  Dr.  Osier,  at  the  "  Cambridge."  In 
April,  1890,  an  invitation  was  extended  to  all  alumni  of  Belle- 
vue  Hospital,  to  attend  the  first  reunion  and  banquet  of  Belle- 
vue  men.  The  exercises  continued  for  three  days,  and  the 
reunion  was  a  most  successful  one.  On  the  first  day,  April  8, 
at  the  Mott  Memorial  Hall,  a  paper  was  read  by  Dr.  Charles 
Phelps,  on  "  The  Treatment  of  Simple  Fracture  of  the  Patella 
by  Wiring,"  which  was  discussed  by  Drs.  Abbe,  Dennis,  L.  A. 
Stimson,  Leale,  Bryant,  and  Stephen  Smith.  On  April  9,  Dr. 
Lewis  A.  Sayre  gave  a  clinic  in  the  amphitheater  of  the  hospi- 


366  Aji  Accojint  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

tal  in  the  morning,  and  in  the  afternoon,  at  the  Mott  Memorial 
Hall,  papers  were  read  on  the  "  Ultimate  Results  of  Injuries 
to  the  Hip,"  by  Dr.  R.  A.  Vance,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio  ;  on 
"  Transient  Glycosuria,"  by  Dr.  John  Warren  ;  and  on  "  Deli- 
cate Tests  for  Sugar  in  the  Urine,"  by  Dr.  Brandreth  Symonds. 
The  banquet  was  given  at  the  Brunswick  in  the  evening  of 
that  day,  which  was  attended  by  one  hundred  and  sixty.  On 
April  10,  Dr.  William  T.  Lusk  gave  a  clinic  at  the  hospital. 
Since  then  the  "  Bellevue  Dinner"  has  become  one  of  the 
most  popular  of  the  many  medical  dinners  given  each  year 
in  New-York.  The  character  of  the  work  done  may  be  shown 
by  the  subjoined  list  of  papers,  etc.,  presented  at  its  meetings: 

PAPERS  READ  BEFORE  THE  SOCIETY. 

Bronchial  Glands,  Syphilitic  Degeneration  of,  with 

History  of  a  Case E,  Le  Fevre. 

Intermittent  Fever  in  Infants  and  Children F.  M.  Crandall. 

Traumatic  Tetanus,  with  History  of  a  successful  Case .  C.  F.  Stokes. 

Bacteria  Culture,  methods  of,  and  Demonstration  of 
Microscopical  Specimens  and  Cultures  of  Patho- 
genic Micro-organisms H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Measles,  Complications  and  Sequelae  of A.  Brothers. 

Eczema;  Its  Diagnosis  and  Treatment John  Warren. 

Acute  Abscesses,  the  Treatment  of,  based  on  their 

Pathology  L.  \V.  HUBBARD. 

Two  Tape  Worms R.  T.  MORklS. 

Local  Sweating  and  its  Management C.  W.  Cutler. 

Abscesses,  Treatment  of G.  DE  N.  HoUGH. 

Dislocations,  Treatment  of  Old J.  J.  Garmanv. 

External  Urethrotomy,  as  a  mode  of  Treatment  for 

Organic  Urethral  Stricture S.  ALEXANDER. 

Arthropathia  Tabidorum,  History  of  a  case Parker  Svms. 

Pleurisy,  Sub-acute,  and  its  Management R.  Milbank. 

Pulmonary  Tuberculosis  ;    What  plan  of  treatment  is 

most  in  harmony  with  our  present  knowledge  of?.R.  J.  Carlisle. 

Yellow  Fever  and  the  Jacksonville  Epidemic SollaCE  MITCHELL. 

Cystitis,  Treatment  of  Acute S.  Alexander. 

Hernia,  The  Radical  Cure  of Parker  SymS. 

Bronchial  Glands,  Disease  of  the A.  B.  POPE. 

Phagocytes Wm.  Osler. 


The  Alumni  of  Bellevite  Hospital.  367 

Drainage  of  the  Peritoneum  in  Acute  and  Subacute 

Peritonitis J.  M.  Byron, 

Joint  Diseases,  Some  practical  points  in  the  early 

diagnosis  of  Chronic L.  W.  Hubbard. 

Varicose  Veins,  Radical  cure  of,  by  multiple  ligature . .  Charles  Phelps. 

Croup,  The  treatment  of A.  Brothers. 

Abscess  of  the  Brain  in  its  relation  to  Contusion.  . .  .Charles  Phelps. 

Tracheal  Ozasna G.  B.  Hope. 

Alcoholism  in  the  Bellevue  Cells,  A  study  of C.  L.  Dana. 

Inebriety,  Some  points  to  be  observed  in  the  study  of.  .  M.  D.  Field. 

Fractures  of  the  Patella,  The  treatment  of  simple,  by 

wiring CHARLES  PHELPS. 

Injuries  to  the  Hip,  the  ultimate  results  of R.  A.  Vance. 

Glycosuria,  Transient B.  Symonds. 

Sugar  in  the  Urine,  Delicate  tests  for John  Warren. 

Digitalis,  What  is  accomplished  by  its  use  in  Cardiac 

Disease E.  Le  Fevre. 

Tuberculosis,  Some  facts  in  the  Etiology  of H.  P.  Loom  is. 

Neurasthenia,  Some  illustrative  cases  of,  and  a  study 
of  that  condition  with  special  reference  to  its  caus- 
ation and  prevention C.  E.  LOCKWOOD. 

Koch's  Method,  Remarks  on H.  P.  LoOMis. 

Laryngeal  Papillomata,  Treatment  of,  by  the  appli- 
cation of  Tinct.  Thuja G.  B.  Hope. 

Cancer  of  the  Rectum,  Operative  treatment  of Parker  Syms. 

Poisoning,  Report  of  a  peculiar  case  of F.  H.  WiGGlN. 

Cervix  Uteri,  the  Immediate  Repair  of  Lacerations 

of,  with  report  of  six  cases C.  C.  Barrows. 

Vicious  Union  following  Pott's  Fracture,  the  Oper- 
ative Treatment  for,  with  Exhibition  of  a  Case    .  .  .1.  S.  Haynes. 

Parasitic  Skin  Diseases J.  M.  Byron. 

Uterus,  Operative  treatment  of  Malignant  Diseases  of,  W.  E.  Porter. 

Azores  as  a  Health  Resort H.  Canfield. 

Surgical  Operations  during  the  Summer  Months.  .  .    C.  C.  Barrows. 

Milk;  Its  Adulteration  and  How  to  Detect  it J.  E.  Allen. 

New-born  Infant,  Management  of F.  M.  Crandall. 

Cylindrical  Vaginal  Tampon  Pessary  versus  other 
pessaries James  Stafford. 

Ulceration  of  the  Rectum  due  to  Varicose  Veins  ...  .J.  B.  GiBBS. 

Male  Bladder,  the  role  of  Micro-organisms  in  inflam- 
mations of S.  Alexander. 

Cervix  Uteri,  Dilation  of James  Stafford. 

Cholera  in  New-York  Harbor J.  M.  Byron. 

Hypnotism H.  Canfield. 


368  A 71  Accoinit  of  Bcllcinic  Hospital. 

CASES  REPORTED  TO  THE  SOCIETY. 

Post-partum  Hemorrhage H.  Herman. 

Tubal    Extra-uterine  Pregnancy,  and   treatment  by 

Faradization    A.  Brothers. 

Empyjema,  Treated  by  valvular  drainage   R.  T.  MORRIS. 

Traumatic  Empya;ma N.  S.  Jarvis. 

Patella,  Compound  Fracture  of        J.  J.  Garmany. 

Asiatic  Cholera  Cases  at  Quarantine R.  J.  CARLISLE. 

Double  Hip-Joint  Disease R.  H.  Sayre. 

Asiatic  Cholera  Cases  at  Quarantine,  with  cultures 

of  the  Bacillus H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Tumors  of  the  Back W.  W.  FRENCH. 

Bright's  Disease  following  Ether R.  H.  Sayre. 

Feigned  Insanity M.  D.  Field. 

Stab  Wound  of  Abdomen  with  Laparotomy G.  W.  Crary. 

Vermiform     Appendix,     Perforation,     Laparotomy, 

Death,  and  Autopsy T.  W.  Cleaveland. 

Delusional  Insanity  (Paranoia) M.  D.  FlELD. 

Insanity,  Four  cases  of  Classified M.  D.  Field. 

Actinomycosis  of  Pleura J.  M.  Byron. 

Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis J-  F.  Erdmann. 

Pyonephrosis,  With  specimen Parker  Sy.ms. 

Fracture  of  Skull,  Compound,  with  extensive  lacer- 
ation of  the  soft  parts C.  E.  LOCKWOOD. 

Hemorrhoids,  Treated  by  Clamp  and  Cautery  ....   J.  B.  GiBBS. 

Ankylosis  of  Jaw W.  R.  Ballou. 

Epilepsy,  Reflex J.  M.  Byron. 

Perityphlitis R.  J.  Carlisle. 

Ankylosis  of  Jaw S.  D.  Po\vell. 

Antipyrine  Poisoning H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Peculiar  Poisoning H.  H.  Seabrook. 

Cyanosis W.  R.  Ballou. 

Bladder  Surgery,  Some  unique  cases  of,  occurring  in 

general  surgical  practice F.  S.  Dennis. 

Tuberculosis  of  Bladder Stewart  Paton. 

Laparotomy,  Two  Cases F.  H.  WiGGlN. 

Haemophilia  in  Adult A.  Brothers. 


CASES  EXHIBITED  TO  THE  SOCIETY. 

Cardiac  Disease B.  Symonds. 

Glands,  Syphilitic  enlargement  of S.  Alexander. 


The  Aliunni  of  Bellevite  Hospital.  369 

Pneumo-thorax,  Following  puncture  of  emphysem- 
atous vesicle  by  hypodermic  needle H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Cardiac  Disease,  with  presystolic  murmur T.  W.  Cleaveland. 

Infantile  Spastic  Paralysis R.  H.  Sayre. 

Fracture  of  Skull,  Compound,  Comminuted,  De- 
pressed       J.  J.  Garmany. 

Concussion  of  Spine,  with  possible  fracture R.  H.  Sayre. 

Lateral    Spinal   Curvature,    with    demonstration   of 

treatment R.  H.  Sayre. 

Abdominal  Tumor  in  a  Male R.  J.  CARLISLE. 

Heart  displaced  by  Fibroid  Phthisis E.  Le  Fevre. 

Trephining,  with  replacement  of  button  of  bone W.  R.  Ballou. 

Suprapubic  Cystotomy L.  M.  Silver. 

Bronchial  Glands  Enlarged A.  B.  Pope. 

Fibroid  induration  of  Penis,  following  Gonorrhoea.  .R.  T.  Morris. 

Ex-section  of  Ribs  for  Empysema J.  M.  Byron. 

Tubercular  Dactylitis R.  J.  Carlisle. 

Congenital  Deformities  of  the  Hands  and  Feet  .         J.  McG.  Woodbury. 

Tubercular  Ulcers  in  a  Child F.  Hartley. 

Ankylosis  of  Jaw L.  W.  Hubbard. 

Facial  Paralysis E.  Le  Fevre. 

Mastoid  Disease G.  Bacon. 

Hysterical  Breathing E.  Le  Fevre, 

Exophthalmic  Goitre A.  B.  Pope. 

Ankylosis  of  Jaw R.  H.  Sayre. 

Sarcomatous  Growth  of  Finger W.  R.  Ballou. 

Congenital  Stricture  of  (Esophagus    G.  W.  Crary. 

Compound  Fracture  of  Leg W.  R.  Ballou. 

Thoracic  Aneurism G.  B.  Hope. 

Lateral  Curvature  of  Spine.     Several  cases  showing 

results  of  treatment R.  H.  Sayre. 

Necrosis  of  Frontal  Bone W.  R.  Ballou. 

Congenital  Lateral  Curvature R.  H.  Sayre. 

Neurotic  Cough  W.N.  Hubbard. 

Iodoform  Poisoning W.  R.  Ballou. 

Purpura  Hemorrhagica I.  S.  H aynes. 

Infantile  Spastic  Paralysis R.  H.  Sayre. 

Malformation  of  Bladder,  with  spontaneous  disloca- 
tion of  hip R.  H.  Sayre. 

Dupuytren's  Contraction,  after  operation W.  R.  Ballou. 

Haemoptysis A.  Brothers. 

Carcinoma  of  Liver  or  Stomach A.  Brothers. 

Abscess  of  Liver,  after  operation W.  E.  Porter. 

Scirrhus  of  Breast,  after  operation W.  E.  Porter. 

24 


^jo  An  Accoioit  of  Bcllcvue  Hospital. 

Locomotor  Ataxia,  with  "Charcot's"  Joint W.  R.  TowNSEND. 

Popliteal  Aneurism W.  R.  Townsend. 

Hydatids  of  Kidney,  after  operation C.  C.  Barrows. 

Epithelioma  of  Lower  Lip  W.  E.  Porter. 

Spastic    Paraplegia,    improved    by    tenotomies    and 

myotomies R.  H.  Sayre. 

Ex-section  of  Knee  for  Ankylosis R.  H.  Savre. 

Vicarious  Menstruation W.  E.  Porter. 


PATHOLOGICAL  SPECIMENS,  ETC.,  EXHIBITED  TO  THE 

SOCIETY. 

Syphilitic  Bronchial  Glands H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Internal  Strangulation  of  Intestine R.  J.  Carlisle. 

Aneurism  of  Arch  of  Aorta.     Two  Cases W.  T.  JENKINS. 

Hip-Joint  Disease R.  H.  Sayre. 

Cyst  of  Testicle Parker  Syms. 

Plasmodium  Malariae  ;  Microscopical  specimens  of    Walter  James. 

Tumors R.  T.  Morris. 

Congenital  Cystic  Degeneration  of  Kidney J.  C.  Edgar. 

Collection  of  Calculi J.  G.  Clark. 

Abscess  of  Brain H.  M.  Biggs. 

Weigert's  Method  of  Staining  Fibrin,  with  demon- 
stration   L.  S.  Rau. 

Carcinoma  Telangictodes H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Stenosis   of    Left   Bronchus   produced   by   enlarged 

syphilitic  Bronchial  Glands E.  Le  Fevre. 

Enlargement  of  middle  lobe  Prostate S.  Alex.wder. 

Cystic  Kidneys S.  Alexander. 

Tubercular  Testicle S.  Alexander. 

Rupture  of  Aortic  Valve H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Duodenal  Ulcers H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Thrombosis  of  Aorta H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Pachymeningitis  Hemorrhagica    H.  M.  BiGGS. 

Urethral  Calculus L.  M.  Silver. 

Fracture  of  Skull T.  Dunham. 

Fracture  of  Skull,  with  abscess  produced  by  contre 
coup R.  J.  Carlisle. 

Fatty  Heart R.  Milbank. 

Sarcoma  of  Finger W.  R.  Ballou. 

Brain  from  case  of  head  injury Charles  Phelps. 

Cortical  Hemorrhage  H.  M.  BiGGS. 


The  Alumni  of  Belleinie  Hospital.  371 

Ribs  from  case  of  Empycema,  showing  exostosis  and 

absorption  from  drainage  tube A.  Brothers. 

Tubal  Pregnancy W.  T.  Jenkins. 

Tuberculosis  of  Head  of  Femur L.  W.  Hotchkiss. 

Amputated  Breast F.  H.  WiGGlN. 

Hermaphrodism,  Model  of  a  unique  case  of R.  H.  Sayre. 

Traumatic  Aneurism  of  the  Palmar  Arch L.  W.  HOTCHKISS. 


OFFICERS. 

Presidents. 

Henry  Herman, 1 886-1 8S7 

Hermann  M.  Biggs, 1 887-1 889 

Richard  Kalish, '  .  1 889-1 890 

Charles  Phelps, 1 890-1 891 

Egbert  Le  Fevre, 1891-1892 

Wisner  R.  Townsend, 1 892-1 893 

Frederick  H.  Wiggin, i'^93-- 

Vice-presidents. 

Alexander  B.  Pope, 1886-1887 

Le  Roy  W.  Hubbard, 1 887-1 889 

Parker  Syms, 1889-1890 

Fred  W.  Gwyer, 1890-1891 

Wisner  R.  Townsend, 1891-1892 

Frederick  H.  Wiggin, 1 892-1 893 

Charles  C.  Barrows, 1893-. 

Secretaries. 

Fred  W,  Gwyer, 1 886-1 

William  N.  Hubbard, 1888-. 

Treasurer. 
Robert  J.  Carlisle, 1886-. 


0/ 


An  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 


HONORARY  MEMBERS. 

William  T.  Councilman,  M.  1).    William  Osler,M.  D.,  F.  R. 
John  M.  Byron,  M.  D. 


C.  P. 


MEMBERS. 


Alexander,  Samuel, 
Allen,  John  E., 
Anderton,  William  B., 
Arnold,  Glover  C, 
Arnold,  William  B. 

Bacon,  Gorham, 
Baldwin,  Henry  R., 
Ballou,  William  R.,* 
Bangs,  L.  Bolton, 
Barro\vs,  Charles  C, 
Barker,  Phanett  C, 
Berle,  Adolph  W., 
Biggs,  Chauncey  P., 
Biggs,  George  P., 
Biggs,  Hermann  M., 
Bogert,  Edward  S., 
Brodie,  Robert  L., 
Bronson,  Edward  B., 
Brooks,  Leroy  J., 
Brothers,  Abram, 
Bryant,  Joseph  D., 
Buist,  James  R., 
Bull,  William  T., 
Burchard,  T.  Herring, 
Burke,  Martin, 
Burnet,  James  B. 

Canfield,  Herman, 
Carlisle,  Robert  J., 
Charlton,  Thomas  J., 
Chetwood,  Charles  H., 
Cleaveland,  Trumbull  W., 
CONANT,  George  S., 
Condict,  Isaiah  W., 
Conway,  John  R., 
Cory,  David  M., 


Crandall,  Floyd  M., 
Crary,  George  W., 
Cutler,  Condict  W. 

Dennis,  Frederic  S., 
Dixon,  George  A., 
Douglas,  Stuart, 
Draper,  William  H., 
Dunham,  Theodore. 

Edgar,  J.  Clifton, 
Edgerton,  Francis  D., 
Erdmann,  John  F. 

Farrell,  Edward, 
Ferguson,  James  F., 
Field,  Matthew  D., 
Flint,  Austin,  Jr., 
French,  John  H., 
French,  Willis  W.* 

Galt,  James  D.,* 
Gardner,  Clarence  H., 
GiBBS,  John  B., 
Gillette,  Walter  R., 
Glisan,  Clarence, 
Goldthwaite,  Henry, 
GouLEY,  John  W.  S., 
Greene,  Robert  W.,* 
Griffith,  Jefferson  D., 
gwathmey,  lomax, 
Gwyer,  Fred  W. 

Hamlen,  George  D., 
Harlan,  Benjamin  J.,* 
Hartley,  Frank, 
Havnes,  Irving  H., 


The  Alwniii  of  Belleviic  Hospital.  i']t^ 


Herman,  Henry, 
HoLLisTER,  Frank  C, 
Hope,  George  B., 
HoTCHKiss,  Lucius  W., 
Hough,  Garry  de  N., 
Houghton,  H.  Seymour, 
Howe,  Joseph  W.,* 
Hubbard,  LeRoy  W., 
Hubbard,  William  N., 
Hunt,  James  H.* 

Jackson,  Charles  W., 
James,  William  M., 
Jarvis,  Nathan  S., 
Jennings,  David  D., 
Johnston,  William  W. 

Kalish,  Richard, 
Katzenbach,  William  H. 
Keefe,  John  W., 
Kinnaird,  Thomas  H., 
Kinney,  Elijah  C.,* 
Knox,  Augustus  W., 
KoPLiK,  Henry. 


Morris,  Robert  T., 
Murray,  Robert  A. 

NoRRis,  Henry  S. 

Owen,  Henry  E. 

Page,  Charles, 
Page,  R.  Channing  M., 
Paton,  Stewart, 
Peck,  Morton  R., 
Peck,  Washington  F.,* 
Phelps,  Charles, 
PiERsoN,  Stephen, 
Polk,  William  M., 
Pope,  Alexander  B., 
Porter,  W.  Evelyn, 
Powell,  Seneca  D., 
Pryor,  William  R., 
Pulley,  William  J. 

Ranney,  Walter  L.,* 
Roth,  Julius  A. 


Lambert,  Alexander, 
Lambert,  Samuel  W., 
Lee,  William,* 
Le  Fevre,  Egbert, 
Lewengood,  Jacob, 
Leyton,  Albert  H., 
LooMis,  Henry  P., 
Lorenze,  Edward  J. 

Maury,  Rutson,* 
McAlpin,  David  H.,  Jr., 
McBurney,  Charles, 
McCreery,  John  A., 
McIntosh,  James  H., 
McMaster,  Nathaniel  G., 
Milbank,  Robert, 
Mitchell,  John  W., 
Mitchell,  Sollace, 


Sayre,  Reginald  H., 
Seabrook,  Harry  H., 
Senior,  Isaac  J., 
Shaw,  William  C, 
Sherman,  Harry  M., 
Silver,  Henry  M., 
Silver,  Lewis  M., 
Smith,  A.  Alexander, 
Smith,  H.  Lyle, 
Spencer,  John  C, 
Stafford,  James, 
Stearns,  Henry  S., 
Steurer,  John  A., 
Stewart,  George  D., 
Stone,  William  C.,* 
Studdiford,  William  E., 
Syms,  Parker, 
Symonds,  Brandreth. 


374 


A 71  Account  of  Bellcvuc  Hospital. 


TEKRinKRRY,  CaLVIN, 

Thacher,  John  S., 
Thomson,  Mason, 
TiNGLEY,  Witter  K., 

TOWNSEND,  WlSNER  R. 

Vance,  Reuben  A., 
Van  der  Poel,  S.  O., 
Van  Loan,  J.  P.  C, 
Van  Wyck,  Richard  C, 
Vedder,  Maus  R. 

Walker,  Edmund  R.,* 
Walker,  Henry  F., 


Wallace,  David  L., 
Warren,  John, 
Waterman,  James  S., 
Welch,  William  H., 
WiGGIN,  Frf.derick  H,, 
WiLDMAN,  H.  Valentine, 
Williams,  Horace  N., 
Wilson,  Robert  J., 
Wood,  Walter  C, 
Wright,  Clark, 
Wylie,  Robert  H., 
Wylie,  W.  Gill. 


AUTHORITIES. 


Minutes  of  the  Common  Council  of  the  City  of  New-York,  Mns. ,  1685- 
1828. 

Manual  of  the  Corporation,  1840-1870.     D.  T.  Valentine. 

Records  of  Conveyances.  Office  of  Comptroller,  Mns.,  Lib.  92,106,  and  452. 

Reports  of  the  Governors  of  the  Almshouse,  1849-1860. 

Reports  of  Almshouse  Commissioner,  1846-1848. 

The  History  of  Municipal  Ownership  of  Lands  on  Manhattan  Island.  G.  A. 
Black,  Ph.  D.,  1891. 

The  Original  Deeds  of  Kip's  Bay  Farm,  Belle  View  Farm,  and  Rose  Hill 
Farm  purchases.     Comptroller's  office. 

The  Picture  of  New-York,  or  the  Traveler's  Guide  through  the  Commer- 
cial Metropolis  of  the  United  States.  By  a  gentleman  residing  in  this 
city.     N.  Y.,  1807. 

Picture  of  New-York  and  Stranger's  Guide,  etc.,  N.  Y. ,  1828. 

Historic  Tales  of  Olden  Times :  Concerning  the  Early  Settlement  and  Ad- 
vancement of  New-York  City  and  State.     J.  F.  Watson,  N.  Y.,  1832. 

A  Two  Years'  Journal  in  N.  Y.     C.  W.  Denton. 

New-York,  Past,  Present,  and  Future.     E.  P.  Belden,  N.  Y.,  185 1. 

Metropolitan  City  of  America,  1853. 

Annals  and  Occurrences  in  New-York  City  and  State.  J.  F.  Watson,  N.  Y., 
1846. 

History  of  the  City  of  New-York.     D.  T.  Valentine,  N.  Y.,  1853. 

The  Memorial  History  of  the  City  of  New-York.  James  Grant  Wilson, 
1892. 

A  Tour  Around  New-York.     Felix  Oldboy,  N.  Y.,  1893. 

Medical  Men  of  the  Revolution,     J.  M.  Toner,  M.  D.,  Phila.,  1876. 

Diary  and  Letters  of  Gouverneur  Morris,  N.  Y.,  1888. 

New-York  City  during  the  last  Half-century.    J.  W.  Francis,  N.  Y.,  1857, 

Bancroft's  History  of  the  United  States. 

The  American  Revolution.     John  Fiske,  Bost.,  1891. 

A  Short  History  of  the  English  Colonies  in  America.  Henry  Cabot  Lodge, 
N.  Y.,  1881. 

Macaulay's  History  of  England. 

Historical  Notes  of  the  Family  of  Kip  of  Kipsburg  and  Kip's  Bay.  N.  Y., 
1871. 

Documents  Nos.  32  (1837),  119  (1843),  30  (1846),  6  (1847),  N.  Y.  Board 
of  Aldermen. 

Reports  of  Commissioners  of  Public  Charities  and  Correction,  N.  Y.,  1870- 
1886. 

Minutes  of  do.,  i860  and  1861. 


376  A 71  Account  of  Bcllcvuc  Hospital. 

Bellevue  and  Charity  Hospital  Reports,  Bell.  Press,  1870. 
Minutes  of  Medical  Board,  Bellevue  Hospital,  1845-1893. 
Medical  Register  of  New-York,  etc.     W,  T.  White,  Ed.  1862-93. 
Encyclopaedia  Britannica,  arts,  on  Hospitals,  London,  New-York,  and  Poor- 
laws. 
Wood's  Reference  Hand-book  of  the  Medical  Sciences,  arts,  on  Ambulances, 

Epidemics,  and  Hospitals. 
Biographical  Sketches  of  living  New-York  Physicians.     S.    W.    Francis, 

N.  Y.,  1867. 
Lives  of  Eminent  American  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  19th  Century. 

S.  D.  Gross,  Phila.,  1861. 
American  Medical  Biography,  etc.    J.  Thacher,  Bost.,  1828. 
The  Physicians  and  Surgeons  of  the  United  States.   W.  B.  Atkinson,  Phila., 

1878. 
Letters  from  the  Health  Officer  submitted  to  the  Common  Council  of  the 

City  of  New-York.     R.  Bayley,  N.  Y.,  1798. 
The  Medical  Repository,  N.  Y.,  1 803-1 821. 
American  Medical  Recorder,  N.  Y.,  Vols.  IV.   (1821),  XIV.   (1828),  and 

XVI.  (1829). 
New-York  Journal  of  Medicine,  Vols.  VI.,  IX.,  and  X.,  1856,  3  s.  I. 
New-York  Medical  and  Physical  Journal,  Vols.  II.,  V.,  VI.,  VII,,  1822-1830. 
Questions  of  the  Board  of  Health  in  relation  to  Malignant  Cholera,  with  the 

answer,  etc.,  with  a  report  upon  the  causes  of  the  Cessation  of  Cholera 

at  Bellevue  Hospital,  N.  Y.,  1832. 
American  Journal  Medical  Sciences,  Phila.,  1850  (n.  s. ),Vol.  XIX. 
American  Medical  Monthly,  N.  Y.,  1857,  Vol.  VIII. 
The  Puerperal  Diseases.     Fordyce  Barker,  8°,  N.  Y.,  1874. 
New-York  Medical  Record,  Vols.  VII.  to  IX.  (i 872-1 874). 
Report  of  Sub-Committee  from  a  Committee  to  Examine  into  the  relative 

prevalence  of  Erysipelas,  Pyaemia,  etc.,  in  Bellevue  Hospital.    Bellevue 

Press,  1872,  8°. 
Bulletin  of  the  New-York  Academy  of  Medicine,  Vol.  II.,  1866. 
American  Medical  Times,  N.  Y.,  Vol.  VIII.,  1864. 
Introductory  Discourse  to  the  Several  Courses  of  Clinical  Instruction  at 

Bellevue  Hospital.     S.  W.  Francis,  N.  Y.,  1858. 
New-York  Evening  Post,  1845,  October  and  November. 
New-York  Times  (daily),  1857. 
Reports  of  the  Society  of  the  New-York  Training  School  for  Nurses  attached 

to  Bellevue  Hospital,  1875-1893. 
Report  of  the  Mills  Training  School  for  Male  Nurses,  1892. 
The  American  Druggist,  Vol.  XXI.,  No.  4,  1892. 
Also  numerous  college  catalogues,  necrological  records,  obituary  notices, 

etc.,  etc. 


INDEX. 


INDEX. 


Alcoholic  patients,  94  ;  pavilion,  94. 

Almshouse,  see  Poorhouse ;  census  of,  9, 
10,  26,  28,  34  ;  commissioners  of,  25,  42, 
46 ;  cost  of,  26,  39 ;  executive  depart- 
ment of,  6,  9,  25  ;  first  in  New-York 
city,  4 ;  fourth  in  New-York  city,  46  ; 
governors  of,  46, 57 ;  hospital  department 
of,  I,  22,  23,  27,  29,  33  ;  investigation  of, 
9,  26,  32,  37,  45  ;  removal  of,  46 ;  second  in 
New- York  City,  9,  24;  third,  11,  21,  22. 

Ambulance  Corps,  65,  69  ;  rules  govern- 
ing, 69,  71. 

Amphitheater,  40,  53,  56,  87. 

Annex,  the  Dehon,  93. 

Apothecary,  resident,  27. 

Architect  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  20. 

Asiatic  cholera  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  35, 
36,  50,  54,  65. 

Assistant  Resident  Physicians,  33,  37,  42, 
13s  • 

Bailey,  Dr.  Joseph,  32. 

Barker,  Dr.  Fordyce,  55,  107,  114. 

Balden,  Dr.,  32,  132. 

Belle  Vue  Farm,  lease  of,  ir  ;  purchase  of, 

IS- 
Belle  Vue  Hospital,  11 ;  description  of,  14; 

census  of,  14,  15  ;  mortality  in,  15. 
Bellevue  Hospital,   additions   to,    51,    56, 

73,    87,   88;     architect    of,   20;    census 

of,  26,  28,   34,    38,    41,   42,   49,   55,  63, 

loi  ;  chapel  of,  21,  22,  87,  97  ;  character 

of  cases  in,  5.  28,  30,  41,  42,  46,  49,  55, 

64,  94;  condition  of,  38,  55,  76;  corner- 
stone laid,  20;    deaths  among  staff.  32, 

44,  54,  63,  65  ;    description  of,  5,  22,  50, 

84;  executive,  6,  9,  25,  42;  fire  in,  84; 

first  occupied,  21 ;  mismanagement  of, 

33,  36;  mortality  in,  15,  34,  36,  41,  50, 

53,  76,  loi ;  nurses  in,  26,  35,  39,  41,  75, 

79,  100;  oldest  hospital  in  United  States, 

i;  origin  of,   i,  5;    origin  of  name  of, 

12;    penitentiary,  23,  34,  40;  proposed 

removal  of,  76;  purchase  of  site  of,  11, 

16,  21,24,  29;  saleof  portion  of  grounds, 

50  ;   separation  of  from  almshouse,  33, 

46;  site  of,  II,  16,  21,  50. 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  College,  59. 
Bellevue  Hospital  Medical  Union,  364. 
Blackwell's  Island,  34,  40. 
Brown,  Dr.  Stephen,  29,  30,  114,  131. 
British  fleet  in  Kip's  Bay,  18,  19. 

Census  of  almshouse,  9,  10,  26,  28,  34.  Eigenbrodt,  Dr.  David  L.,  36,  39,  139. 

Censusof  Bellevue  Hospital,  26,  28,  34,  38,       Emergency   Hospital,   see   also    Lying-in 
41.  5O1  55.  63,  loi.  department,  77,  102. 


Certificates  of  instruction,  57,  60. 
Chapels  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  21,  22,  87, 

97*  98. 
Chaplain  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  21,  41,  97, 

98. 
Charity  Hospital,  41,  59,  65. 
Cholera,  Asiatic,  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  35, 

36,  50,  54,  65. 
Civil  War,  effect  on  staff  of,  62. 
Clinical  lectures  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  40, 

51.  52,  53.  57.  58.  100. 
Clinton,  Hon.  DeWitt,  11,  20. 
Colleges,    medical,    in    connection    with 

Bellevue  Hospital,  50,  59,  100. 
Commissioners  of  almshouse,  25,  42. 
Commissioners   of   Public   Charities   and 

Correction,  57. 
Committee  on  erysipelas,  etc.,  73. 
Committee  on  investigation  of  almshouse, 

9,  26,  32,  37,  45. 
Committee  on  Island  service,  58. 
Common  Council,  Committee   on   Belle- 
vue, 20,  32,  37,  45  ;  Common  Council, 
Committee  on  poorhouse,  3,  4. 
Consulting  Physicians,  107. 
Consulting  Surgeons,  no. 
Cookhouse,  51,  99. 
Crane,  Dr.  John  J.,  88,  123. 
Crane  Room,  88. 


Dalton,  Dr.  Edward  B.,  65,  183. 

Deadhouse,  56,  99. 

Death-rate  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  see  Mor- 
tality, IS,  34,  36,  41,  50,  53,  76,  loi; 
death-rate  in  surgical  department,  72. 

Deaths  on  staff,  32,  44,  54,  63,  65,  344. 

Dehon  pavilion,  93. 

Department  of  Mental  Diseases,  91,  345  ; 
Department,  General  Drug,  96;  De- 
partment, Out-door,  64. 

Departments,  proposition  to  establish  spe- 
cial, 63. 

Diploma,  60. 

Directory,  Residence,  347. 

Dispensary,  64. 

"  Doctors'  Hall,"  87. 

Douglass,  Dr.  Isaac  S.,  14. 

Drake,  Dr.  Charles,  29,  30,  32,  115. 

Drug  Department,  96. 

DuBois,  Dr.  Abram,  36,  39,  139. 


38o 


hidex. 


Epidemic,  Asiatic  cholera,  see  also  puer- 
peral fever,  and  report  on  erysipelas, 
<^tc-.  35.  3'5.  50,  54.  65;  of  relapsing 
fever,  83;  of  smallpox,  41;  of  typhus 
fever,  30,  34,  39,  41,  42,  54,  63.  65,  83  ;  of 
yellow  fever,  10,  12,  13,  15,  29,  30. 

Erysipelas  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  41,  55, 
73;  Erysipelas  pavilion,  94. 

Establishment,  Bellevue,  19,  21,  24, 29;  Es- 
tablishment of  first  hospital  in  United 
States,  I. 

Executive  department  of  almshouse,  6,  9, 
25,  42. 

Externes,  341. 

Fever  hospital  at  Bellevue,  11,  29,  34 ;  Fe- 
ver hospital  at  Fort  Stevens,  29. 
"  Five  houses,'"  The,  2. 
Flint,  Dr.  Austin,  64,  84,  115. 
Foster,  Dr.  Isaac,  15. 

Governors  of  the  Almshouse,  46,  57. 

Hospital,  Belle  Vue,  see  Belle  Vue  Hos- 
pital; Hospital,  Bellevue,  see  Bellevue 
Hospital ;  Hospital  department  of  the 
almshouse,  i,  22,  23,  27;  Hospital, 
Emergency,  see  also  Lying-in  depart- 
ment, 77;  first  in  the  United  States,  i ; 
military,  assignment  of  houses  at  Kip's 
Bay  for,  17. 

House  staff,  27,  28,  33,  37,  42,  47,  48,  59, 
65,  99,  321. 

Howe,  Sir  William,  at  Kip's  Bay,  18,  19. 

Index  of  proceedings  of  The  Society  of  the 
Alumni,  366  et  seq. 

Insane  patients  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  34, 
40,  90. 

Instruction,  clinical,  40,  51,  52,  53,  57,  58, 
100. 

Internes,  List  of,  131  ;  subsequently  visit- 
ing, 130. 

Investigation  of  almshouse,  9,  26,  32,  37, 

45- 
Island  Hospital,  41,  59,  65 ;  service,  59,  6^. 

Keeper  of  almshouse,  6. 

Kip  House,  The,  17,  19. 

Kip,  Jacob,  16. 

Kip's  Bay,   British  fleet  in,   18;  military 

works  at,  18 ;    Washington  at,  18,   19 ; 

Farm,  11,  16,  19. 

Lazarus  Rooms,  93. 
Leake's  House,  17. 

Lectures,  clinical,  40,  51,  52,  53, 57, 58,  100. 
Lodging-house,  88. 

Lottery,  public,  to  establish  almshouse,  9. 
Lying-in  department,  23,  28,  45. 51.52.  55. 
56,  75.  71'  102- 

Marquand  pavilion,  92. 

Matron  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  87,  363. 

McFarlane,  Dr.  John,  13. 

Medical  Board,  see  also  physicians,  con- 
sulting, etc.,  and  surgeons,  consulting, 
etc.,  44,  45,  47,  49,  57,  58,  61,  100,  361 ; 
Medical  Union,  Bellevue  Hospital,  364. 


Mental  Diseases,  Department  of,  92,  345. 

Mills  Training  School,  82,  99. 

Morgue,  The,  see  Deadhouse,   99. 

Mortality  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  15,  34,  36, 
41.  50,  53,  76,  loi  ;  in  London  hospitals, 
76  ;  in  Edinburgh  hospitals,  76;  rate  in 
London  in  1803,  16;  rate  in  New- York 
city  in  1803,  16. 

Murray,  Mrs.  Robert,  18. 

Museum,  The  Wood,  56,  99. 

New- York  city,  first  hospital  in,  i  ;  first 
almshouse  in,  4  ;  physicians  in  1745,  ^  I 
poor-rate  in,  3,  9 ;  population  of,  i,  3,  4, 
6,  9,  10,  13,  16,  35 ;  sanitary  condition 
of  in  1794-1805,  II. 

New- York  Institution,  24. 

New-York   Training  School   for   Nurses, 

79- 
Nurses  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  26,  35,  39,  79, 
100. 

Ogden,  Dr.  Benjamin,  36,  39,  40,  133. 
Oldest  hospital  in  the  United  States,  i. 
Origin  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  i. 
Out-door  department,  64. 
Overseers  of  the  poor,  2. 

Pathological  building,  56. 

Pavilions,  102. 

Penitentiary,  Bellevue,  23,  34,  40. 

Physicians,  consulting,  see  also  Medical 
Board,  107;  resident,  131,  133;  visiting, 
114,  361. 

Poor  fund,  inadequate,  2,  3,  9  ;  method  of 
raising,  i,  2. 

Poorhouse,  first  in  New- York  city,  .r^^also 
almshouse,  i,  4;  first  proposition  for 
establishing,  3 ;  transfer  of  inmates  of  to 
Poughkeepsie,  8  ;  return  of  inmates  of 
from  Poughkeepsie,  25. 

Poor,  increase  of,  3,  9,  10,  25;  poor-law, 
2;  overseers  of,  2;  rate  of  London,  3; 
rate  of  New- York  city,  3,  9;  ratio  of,  2, 
4,  9  ;  support  of,  i,  2,  4,  9,  26. 

Population  of  New- York  city,  i,  3,  4,  6,  9, 
10,  13,  16,  35. 

Prisoners,  removal  of,  from  Bellevue,  34, 
40. 

Public  Workhouse  and  House  of  Cor- 
rection, 4. 

Puerperal  fever  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  41, 

SI.  55.  75.  77- 
Pyaemia  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  74. 

Reception  Hospitals,  69,  70,  72,  96. 
Records,  statistical,  103. 
Reese,  Dr.  D.  Meredith,  43,  48,  53,  133. 
Relapsing  fever  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  83. 
Religious  work  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  97, 

98. 
Removal  of  Bellevue  Hospital  proposed, 

76. 
Report,  first,  of  Medical  Board,  49;   on 

management  of  almshouse,  26,  37;  on 

erysipelas,  pyaemia,  etc.,  73;  on  typhus 

in'Bellevue  Hospital,  32,  43. 
Residence  Directory,  347. 
Resident  Apothecary,  27. 


Index. 


i8r 


Resident  Physicians,  33,  36,  42,  45,  47,  131, 

133  ;  salary  of,  41 ;  assistant,  135. 
Roe,  Dr.  Stephen  C,  33,  36,  109. 
Rose  Hill  Farm,  24,  29. 

Salary  of  Resident  Physician,  41 ;  of  Vis- 
iting Physician,  5,  28. 

Sale  of  part  of  Bellevue  grounds,  50. 

Schools  in  almshouse,  7,  10,  23. 

Service,  character  of,  5,  28,  40,  42,  46,  49, 
55,  s8,  60,  64,  94. 

Smith,  Dr.  Joseph  M.,  32. 

Society  of  the  Alumni  of  Bellevue  Hospi- 
tal, 364  ;  of  the  Internes  of  1855,  364. 

Staff,  see  also  Medical  Board,  Consulting, 
33,  45,  100,  107,  no;  during  war  period, 
62 ;  House,  27,  28,  33,  37,  42,  47,  48,  59, 
99,  131  ;  reorganization  of,  33,  47,  59, 
65,  99;  present,  361  ;  Visiting,  5,  27,  28, 
45,  100,  114,  123. 

Stanford,  Rev.  John,  21. 

Stewart,  Dr.  F.  Campbell,  44,  45,  126. 

Stone,  Dr.  Lyman  H.,  43,  146. 

Stout,  Dr.  A.  S.,  44. 

Sturges  pavilion,  88. 

Superintendent  of  almshouse,  6,  25,  41. 

Surgeons,  Consulting,  see  also  Medical 
Board,  no;  Visiting,  123. 

Surgical  service,  28,  45,  72,  75. 


Tax,  Poor,  in  London,  3;  in  New- York 

city,  2,  3,  9. 
Townsend  chapel,  97;  pavilion,  92. 
Training   School,    New-York,  79 ;    Mills, 

82,  99. 
Typhus  fever  in  Bellevue  Hospital,  30,  34, 

39,  41,  42,  54,  63,  65,  83  ;  death-rate,  31, 

43.  54- 


Van  Beuren,  Dr.  John,  5,  120. 

Van  Buren,  Dr.  William  H.,  6,45,53,  "Si 

121,  126. 
"  Vineyard,"  The,  4. 
Visiting  staff,  5,  27,  28,  45,  114,  123  ;  salary 

of,  5,  28. 


Warden  of  Bellevue  Hospital,  48,  99. 
Washington  at  Kip's  Bay,  18,  19. 
Waits's  House,  17. 
Watts,  John,  24. 

Workhouse,  first,  in  Nevv-York  city,  4,  7. 
Wood,  Dr.  Isaac,  32,  33,  35,  109,  135. 
Wood,  Dr.  James  R.,  46,  56,  127. 
Wood  Museum,  56,  99. 


Yellow  fever,  10,  12,  13,  15,  29,  30. 


ERRATA. 

Page  42,  1st  line,  for  '•  yet  it  was  "  read,  yet  it  is. 

Page  50,  loth  line,  for  "  at  second  avenue  "  read,  in  184^. 

Page  50,  13th  line,  for  "drive"  read,  have  driven. 

Page  61,  6th  line,  for  "  governor's  "  read,  governors\ 

Page  74,  2d  line  from  bottom,  for  "  were"  read,  -was. 

Page  121,  for  "  Wylie,  Walker  Gill"  read,  Wylic,  Walker  GilV^. 

Pages  124  and  129,  for  "Dennis,  Frederick  Shepard-"  read  Dennis, 

Frederic  Shepard-;    and  for  "  Gwyer,  Frederick  Walker  2"  read, 

Gwyer,  Fred  Walker-. 
Page  130,  under  Consulting,  for  "  1886."  read,  1886-. 
Page  131,  under  Visiting,  for  "  18S7-9  "  read.  i887-')2. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


JAN  9    Rffr 
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